National Rebirth of Poland

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Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". National Rebirth of Poland (Template:Langx), abbreviated to NOP, is an ultranationalist far-right political party in Poland registered by the District Court in Warsaw and National Electoral Commission. As of the 2015 election, the party had no seats in the Polish parliament. It was a member of the European National Front.

History and politics

File:NOP fascism.jpg
To gain media attention NOP often runs shock value campaigns. During the 2007 Sejm and Senate elections NOP disseminated poster with slogan – Fascism? We are worse!

National Rebirth of Poland was founded as a nationalist discussion group for young people on 10 November 1981.[1] It joined the Christian National Union when that party was founded in 1989, before leaving in February 1990.[2] The NOP registered as a political party in 1992. The party is the only far-right organisation to claim to be a successor to the National Radical Camp Falanga (ONR),[3] the pre-war nationalist youth organisation, which was banned in 1934.[4][5]

NOP publishes the magazines Script error: No such module "Lang". (the name of the Polish royal coronation sword), which lists neofascists Derek Holland and Roberto Fiore among the members of its editorial board,[4] Script error: No such module "Lang". (National Youth), Script error: No such module "Lang". (The Thought), and Script error: No such module "Lang". (17 – The Civilization of the Times of Trial).

In 2009, NOP membership in Poland was estimated at 1000. NOP also has supporters outside Poland, notably among the Polish American community, including Polish Patriots' Association residing in New York City, and the revisionist Polish Historical Institute in Chicago.[6]

In 2001, the NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. The newly created NOP front organization, the New Forces Alliance (Script error: No such module "Lang".), joined the nationalist electoral bloc, Alternative Social Movement (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Among the NOP candidates were Marcin Radzewicz, the leader of the openly neo-Nazi National Socialist Front (Script error: No such module "Lang".). ARS gained just below 0.5% of the votes, and the alliance was dissolved.[7]

In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NOP received 0.06% of the vote.[8] In the 2006 self-government regional elections, it received 0.30%, or about 41 000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42 407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote.

In the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%.

The NOP is known for trying to get media attention with its shock value campaigns.[9] During the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP distributed election campaign posters with the slogan "Fascism? We are worse."[9]

Script error: No such module "anchor".Another, openly homophobic shock value campaign conducted by the NOP was called Zakaz Pedalowania (the phrase is a pun meaning both "Cycling Forbidden" and "Faggotry Forbidden").[10] On 17 May 2006 in Toruń, the NOP organized a counter-demonstration against a public LGBT rights supporters' meeting. NOP members chanted slogans, including "gas the queers" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and "there will be a baton for a queer face" (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[11][12]

Antisemitism and racism

The NOP is stated to be an antisemitic organisation by a number of government bodies, nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions and individual experts worldwide, such as the United States Department of State,[13][14] and the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI).[15] According to The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism, the NOP is promoting violent forms of neo-fascism and antisemitism, including Holocaust denial.[16] According to the British historian, Dr John Pollard, neo-Nazi elements in the NOP and their racism and homophobia continue to give rise to concern in other member countries of the European Union.[17] NOP actions were also condemned by the Anti-Defamation League, which claims that the NOP is an openly anti-Semitic extremist organization.[18] According to the magazine The Warsaw voice, the manifesto of the National Revival of Poland, which contains a sentence stating that "Jews will be removed from Poland, and their possessions will be confiscated", is taken directly from Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf.[19] The magazine also claims that the official greeting gesture used in the party is the Nazi-like gesture of the raised arm.[19]

A number of NOP-related incidents received some media coverage in Poland and abroad. According to the European Roma Rights Centre, on July 3, 1998, NOP supporters vandalised the Roma community centre in Łódź. Along with racist graffiti, swastikas were sprayed onto the office walls. The perpetrators also left behind their signature as Script error: No such module "Lang".. During the same night, the same group reportedly vandalised the premises of the Jehovah's Witnesses religious group.[20]

In March 2000, in Łódź, swastikas and the slogan "Jews out!" along with NOP symbols were spray-painted on the home of Marek Edelman, who was the deputy commander in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the last of the leaders of the uprising still alive. The incident was condemned by the president and prime minister of Poland, who sent Edelman letters of support and apology.[21]

NOP front organization National-Radical Institute (Script error: No such module "Lang"., INR) was involved in publishing Western and Polish Holocaust denial literature. In 1997, INR published a volume of translated works of Western Holocaust deniers under the title The Myth of the Holocaust.[4] The same year, INR announced that there were no exterminations in gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.[4][22]

In 2006, the NOP was involved in campaigning to free convicted British Holocaust denier David Irving from prison in Austria, and produced a poster containing the slogan "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("David Irving – Free the truth".[23])

The party also expressed support for the bombing of Israel at the time of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, with a poster image stating, "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("Bombs against Israel – it's about time!!!").[24] On August 13, 2006, NOP leader Adam Gmurczyk published a declaration on behalf of the NOP Executive Council titled "Script error: No such module "Lang"." ("Israel must be destroyed!"), calling for the international military takeover of Israel, and offering to put administrative control of Jerusalem in the hands of Pope Benedict XVI and his successors.[25]

On April 14, 2007, in Kraków, antisemitic slogans were shouted and fascist-like gestures made by the participants of an NOP demonstration. Investigations by the Public Prosecutor's Office were discontinued on November 26, 2007, as no perpetrators were identified and the case was not classified as an offense.[26]

File:Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski - Smierc Wrogom Ojczyzny.jpg
The banner of the National Rebirth of Poland carried during the parade on the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the National Armed Forces and the Home Army.

Election results

File:Trytek i NOP.jpg
National Rebirth of Poland demonstration led by Catholic-sedevacantist priest Rafał Trytek

Elections

In 2001, the NOP tried to enter parliamentary politics for the first time. The newly created NOP front organization, the New Forces Alliance (Script error: No such module "Lang".), joined the nationalist electoral bloc, Alternative Social Movement (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Among the NOP candidates were Marcin Radzewicz, the leader of the openly neo-Nazi National Socialist Front (Script error: No such module "Lang".). ARS gained just below 0.5% of the votes, and the alliance was dissolved.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In the 2005 parliamentary elections, the NOP received 0.06% of the vote. In the 2006 self-government regional elections, it received 0.30%, or about 41 000 votes. In the 2007 parliamentary election, the NOP received 42 407 votes in four electoral districts. In the self-government regional elections in 2010, the party received 0.24% of the vote.

In the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP senate candidate Anetta Stemler, running in the 1st electoral district, received 2934 votes, or 3.10%. She failed to win the Senate seat. After the 2011 parliamentary elections, NOP did not take part in any further elections; be it to Sejm, Senate or even local.

Election year # of
votes 		% of
vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/–
2001 54,266 0.42 Template:Composition bar
2005 7,376 0.06 Template:Composition bar
2006 41,000 0.30 Template:Composition bar
2007 42,407 0.30 Template:Composition bar
2010 ? 0.24 Template:Composition bar
2011 2,934 0.02 Template:Composition bar

In the 2020 Polish presidential election, NOP recommended a boycott of the vote.[27]

In the 2025 Polish presidential election, NOP endorsed Grzegorz Braun.[28]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Borejsza et al (2006), p. 359
  4. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Rafał Pankowski and Marcin Kornak. Poland. Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Cas Mudde (Editor), pp. 156–183. Routledge, 2005. Template:ISBN
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Elections 2005 on Gazeta Wyborcza website (en)
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ « Zakaz Pedałowania » on NOP's website (pl)
  11. ↑ http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/PL/AI_POL_UPR_S1_2008anx_EUR%2001_017_2006.pdf Template:Webarchive United Nations Human Rights Council
  12. ↑ http://amnesty.org.pl/archiwum/aktualnosci-strona-artykulu/article/4969/71/category/6/neste/1.html?cHash=adf146462f Template:Webarchive Amnesty International Polska
  13. ↑ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2006 Template:Webarchive, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor US State Dept.
  14. ↑ International Religious Freedom Report 2007 US State Dept.
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Poland 2006 Template:Webarchive, by Stephen Roth Institute
  17. ↑ John Pollard ‘Clerical Fascism’: Context, Overview and Conclusion in: Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 11, June 2007
  18. ↑ Poland: Democracy and the Challenge of Extremism Template:Webarchive, by Anti-Defamation League, 2006
  19. ↑ a b RACE: Fighting Fascism Template:Webarchive, Warsaw Voice, 31 July 2003
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Anti-Semitic Incidents – March 2000 Template:Webarchive, by the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ « Anti-Semitic Incidents In Poland », The Jewish Press, March 26, 2008
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

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External links

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