Nardò Ring
The Nardò Ring, originally known as Pista di prova di Nardò della Fiat (Fiat's Nardò test track) when it was built in 1975, is a high speed test track located at more than Script error: No such module "convert". north-west of the town of Nardò, Italy, in the southern region of Apulia, in the Province of Lecce. It was acquired by Porsche Engineering in 2012 from its former owners, Prototipo SpA.[1] Porsche now calls the site Nardò Technical Center.
Description
The track is Script error: No such module "convert". long[2] and is round, has four lanes for cars and motorcycles totaling Script error: No such module "convert". in width and has a separate inner ring for trucks at a width of Script error: No such module "convert".. In the cars/motorcycle ring the lanes are banked at such a degree that a driver in the outer most lane doesn't need to turn the wheel while driving at speeds of up to Script error: No such module "convert".. In essence, at the so-called neutral speed which is different for the four lanes, one can drive as if in a straight lane. (The centripetal force required to drive in a circle is provided by the ground reaction force, which is angled away from vertical and therefore has a horizontal component pushing the vehicle into the turn.) However, extremely fast cars still require the steering wheel to be turned when going faster than the neutral speed. For example, the Koenigsegg CCR which set a speed record for a production car at the Nardò Ring did so with the steering wheel at a 30° angle. This speed record has since been beaten by the Bugatti Veyron at Volkswagen Group's private Ehra-Lessien straight line test track in Germany, and hence the CCR only holds the speed record for the Nardò Ring. In the process of fighting a turn as needed when going faster than the neutral speed quite a bit of potential top speed is lost and hence a fast car will go faster in a straight line than what is possible on the Nardò Ring. Even at the neutral speed, in a banked turn a car runs a bit heavier than it would in a straight line, since the downforce created by the banking increases the rolling resistance on the tires.
The neutral speed for the four car/motorcycle lanes are:[3]
- Lane 1 – Script error: No such module "convert".
- Lane 2 – Script error: No such module "convert".
- Lane 3 – Script error: No such module "convert".
- Lane 4 – Script error: No such module "convert".
During regular weekly working activity the maximum speed allowed on the circular track is Script error: No such module "convert".. Higher speeds are only allowed at times when a client gets the track for its exclusive use.
The neutral speed for the truck ring is between Script error: No such module "convert". and Script error: No such module "convert". over the width of the track, highest in the outer most part of the lane.
The plant also includes other tracks; the most important is Script error: No such module "convert". handling circuit, completely inside the circular one. It is characterised by a long main straight and sixteen curves of different radius and variable lateral slope. It can provide useful results for durability, reliability, vehicle dynamics and tire tests of both cars and motorbikes.[4]
The track was featured in British TV series Top Gear in 1992, showing footage of the Jaguar XJ220, driven by Martin Brundle on a top speed test. It was again featured in the series 18 opener of the 2002 reboot format of Top Gear, when the then presenters of the show Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May drove in a Lamborghini Aventador, a Noble M600 and a McLaren MP4-12C, respectively, to see who could reach the highest speed. The rough surface of the track figured prominently in the latter episode, and it was resurfaced in 2018.[5]
Records set on the Nardò Ring
- On 13 May 1979 a 125cc Honda sets the 24-hour average speed world record: Template:Cvt
- On 5 May 1979, a car broke Template:Cvt for the first time, the Mercedes-Benz C111-IV reached a speed of Template:Cvt, establishing the Italian speed record. The car was able to complete a full ring lap in 1 minute and 57 seconds[6]
- In 1980 the Volkswagen ARVW set the speed record for a diesel car reaching a speed of Template:Cvt[6]
- On 7 November 1982 a Porsche 928 S sets the 24-hour speed record, covering 6,033 kilometers at an average speed of 251.4 km/h (156.2 mph)
- On 28 November 1982 an Alfa Romeo Giulietta sets the average speed record over a distance of Script error: No such module "convert".: Template:Cvt
- Between 17 and 21 August 1983, three Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16 cars set endurance records for Template:Cvt, Template:Cvt, Template:Cvt, the latter being run in 201 hours, 39 minutes and 43 seconds at an average Template:Cvt.[7]
- On 14 September 1986, the Elf R prototype motorcycle set six world records, including an average speed of Template:Cvt over Script error: No such module "convert". and a top speed of Template:Cvt[8]
- On 4 April 1988, an Audi 200 quattro set the world speed record on Script error: No such module "convert". with an average speed of Template:Cvt and on Script error: No such module "convert". at Template:Cvt[9]
- On 29 August 1993 a Honda NR 750cc ridden by Loris Capirossi set the world record for top speed Template:Cvt. The record is also established with a standing start on the kilometre at Template:Cvt and on the Script error: No such module "convert". at Template:Cvt[10]
- In 1993 a Porsche 928 GTS beats the previous record covering in 24 hours Template:Cvt at an average speed of Template:Cvt
- On 2 June 1994, the Violent Violet electric motorcycle designed by engineer Fabio Fazi and driven by Max Biaggi set five world speed records for electric motorcycles: Script error: No such module "convert"., kilometre and mile from standstill, kilometre launched (Template:Cvt) and top speed of Template:Cvt[11]
- On 2 July 1994 a Bugatti EB110GT set a speed record for a methane-powered car, with road homologation, reaching a speed of Template:Cvt[6]
- In 1994 the Bertone Z.E.R. managed to set the speed record for an electric car on Script error: No such module "convert". by driving it at an average speed of Template:Cvt [6]
- On 27 August 1995 an Aprilia 250cc set the record on the kilometre launched with an average speed of Template:Cvt;
- On 3 June 2000, a Suzuki GSX 1300R set the world speed record on the running kilometre with Template:Cvt;
- On 16 February 2002, a production Lamborghini Murciélago set the average speed record over 1 hour at Template:Cvt and over Script error: No such module "convert". at 320,254 km/h[12]
- On 23 February 2002 a Volkswagen W12 also known as Volkswagen Nardò took the world record for all speed classes over 24 hours covering a distance of Script error: No such module "convert". at an average speed of Template:Cvt[13]
- In 2004, the Eliica electric concept car, featuring 8-wheel drive, reached a speed of Template:Cvt[14][15]
- On 28 February 2005 a Koenigsegg CCR, driven by Loris Bicocchi, set the speed record for a production car at Template:Cvt[16]
- On 25 May 2008 a Mercedes-Benz Truck Actros BlueTec III sets the efficiency record for a 40-tonne truck with an average consumption of Script error: No such module "convert". with a total distance traveled of Script error: No such module "convert".[17]
- On 18 August 2019, a pre-series model of the electric Porsche Taycan covered the distance of Script error: No such module "convert". in 24 hours[18]
- On 9 June 2023, a Triumph Tiger Explorer 1200 GT, driven by Iván Cervantes, covered the distance of Script error: No such module "convert". in 24 hours to claim the record for ‘The greatest distance on a motorcycle in 24 hours (individual)’.[19][20]
- On 7 April 2024, a pre-series model of the electric Mercedes-Benz CLA covered the distance of Script error: No such module "convert". in 24 hours.[21]
Near the track there is a board showing some of the world records that have been established on the ring.
Loris Bicocchi accident in the Bugatti Veyron prototype
During one of the first secret speed tests on a Bugatti Veyron prototype, driven by Loris Bicocchi, one of the wheels exploded carrying the fender with it. The fender raised and brought the front hood with it which collapsed and smashed the windshield, causing the car to lose control and slamming into the guard rail at a speed of Script error: No such module "convert"..
Although the car's brakes failed, Bicocchi managed to slow the car by scraping along the guardrail, escaping with only minor injuries.
Bicocchi received an invoice from the Nardò Technical Center where they said he damaged Script error: No such module "convert". of guardrail. Bugatti then took charge of the expenditure.[22]
See also
References
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External links
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