List of animal names

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Template:Short description Template:Hatnote group Template:More citations needed

File:Mother sea otter with sleeping pup.jpeg
Mother sea otter with sleeping pup, Morro Bay, California

In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups.

The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans, an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners.[1] Most terms used here may be found in common dictionaries and general information web sites.[2][3][4]

Template:Compact ToC

Generic terms

The terms in this table apply to many or all taxa in a particular biological family, class, or clade.

Scientific term Trivial name Young Female Male Collective noun Collateral adjective
Aves bird chick hen cock, rooster flock avian
Bovinae cattle; ox,[5] cow calf cow (bred);
heifer (not bred)		 bull (intact);
bullock[6] or steer (castrated)		 herd bovine
Caninae dog puppy, pup,[7] cub, whelp bitch dog pack canine
Cetacea whale, dolphin, porpoise calf cow bull pod cetacean
Equidae horse colt (male), filly (female), foal jenny (asses);
mare (other equids)		 jack (asses);
stallion (other equids);
gelding (castrated horse)		 herd equine
Felidae cat kitten (non-big cats, such as Felis, Lynx, Puma,[8] etc.);
cub (big cats, Panthera, and also Puma)		 queen tom, king clowder (small cats);
pride (big cats)		 feline
Suinae pig piglet sow boar drift, drove porcine, suine
Procyonidae Raccoon family of Carnivorans cub, kit gaze, smack, committee procyonid, procyonine
Viverridae Civet family of Carnivorans viverrid, viverrine
Mustelidae Ferret family of Carnivorans
(large: badgers & wolverines;
small: weasels & ferrets)		 kit sow (large);
jill (small)		 boar (large);
hob,[9] jack (small)		 colony (large);
business (small)		 mustelid, musteline
Leporidae rabbits & hares nestling jill jack nest or band leporid, leporine
Osteichthyes bony fish hatchling, fry, fingerling Template:N/A Template:N/A school, shoal piscine, ichthyic

Terms by species or taxon

Template:Sticky header

Animal Young Female Male Collective noun Collateral adjective Culinary noun for meat
Script error: No such module "anchor".A
Albatross chick Template:N/A Template:N/A flock[10]
gam (when searching for mates)[11]
rookery[12]		 diomedeid
diomedeine
Alligator hatchling cow bull congregation[13] alligatorid
alligatorine
Alpaca[14] cria hembra macho herd camelid
Ant larva
pupa		 queen (fertile)
soldier
worker		 drone army[15]
bike[15]
colony[15][16]
bivouac (migratory feeders)
nest[13]
swarm[15]		 formicid
formicine
Antelope calf[17] doe buck cluster[15][18]
herd[15][18]
tribe[15][18]		 antilopine
Ape baby
child
infant		 Template:N/A Template:N/A band
family
group
shrewdness[2][13][18][19]
troop, group[13][15][18]		 simian
Armadillo baby
pup		 sow boar protection[2] cingulatan
chlamyphorid
chlamyphorine
dasypodid
dasypodine
Ass/donkey foal jenny jack coffle[15][18]
drove[13][15][18]
herd[15]
pace[15][16][18]		 asinine
Script error: No such module "anchor".B
Baboon infant babuina[20] Template:N/A flange[21]Template:Efn
troop, group[2][13][21]		 Template:N/A
Badger cub
kit		 sow boar cete[2][13][16][21]
colony[21]		 mustelid
musteline
Bat pup Template:N/A Template:N/A camp[22]
cloud[21][23]
colony[16][21]
flock[24]		 vespertilionid
vespertilionine
Bear (list) cub[25] she-bear
sow		 boar sleuth[13][16][21]
sloth[13][16][21]		 ursid
ursine
Beaver kit
kitten
pup		 Template:N/A Template:N/A colony[13][21]
family[13]		 castorid
castorine
Bee larva
pupa		 queen
workerTemplate:Efn		 drone cast (a second swarm)[21]
cluster (of workers around the queen)[21]
colony[21]
drift[2][21]
erst[2][21]
grist[13][21]
hive[2][13][21]
nest[13]
rabble[21]
stand[21]
swarm[2][13][21]		 anthophilan
apid
apine
Beetle larva
grub (wormlike forms)[3][4]
mealworm (darkling beetles)[3][4]
pupa		 Template:N/A Template:N/A swarm[26] scarabaeid
scarabaeine
Binturong binlet Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A potosine
Boar/wild pig
Also see Pig		 farrow
piglet
shoat/shote (just weaned)		 sow boar
hog		 herd[21][27]
singular[13][27]
sounder (groups of 12 or more)[13][27]		 Template:N/A
Bobcat bobkitten Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A feline
Bull
See Cattle
Butterfly caterpillar
chrysalis
larva
pupa		 Template:N/A Template:N/A flight[21]
flutter[13][28]
kaleidoscope[29]
rabble[21]
swarm[30]		 papilionine
Script error: No such module "anchor".C
Camel calf cow bull caravan[13]
flock[13]
herd
train[13]		 camelid
cameline
Cardinal college
conclave
deeck
radiance
Vatican [31]		 cardinalid
cardinaline
Cat (list) kit
kitten		 molly
queen		 gib (castrated male)[32]
king
tom		 clowder[2][13]
cluster[13]
clutter[33]
glaring[2][13]
kindle (kittens)[34]
litter (kittens)
pillow (kittens)
pounce[13]
nuisance[35]		 feline
CattleTemplate:Efn (list) calf[36] cow[37]
heifer
freemartin		 bull
bullock
ox
steer		 drove[13]
gang[13][16][21]
herd[13][16][21]
obstinancy[13][16][21]
team (oxen)
troop[13]
yoke (oxen)		 bovineTemplate:Efn
taurine (male)
vaccine (female)
vituline (young)		 beef
veal
Cheetah cub
kitten		 Template:N/A Template:N/A coalition (male)[38] feline
Chicken (list) chick hen
pullet		 capon (castrated male)
cock
cockerel
rooster		 brood[13]
clutch (eggs)
flock
peep (chicks)[13]		 galline poultry
Chimpanzee infant empress emperor
blackback		 troop, group
tribe		 simian
Chinchilla kit sow
velvet		 boar
bull		 colony chinchillid
chinchilline
Chough chick Template:N/A Template:N/A chattering[2][19][39]
clattering[2][19][40]		 pyrrhocoracine
Cobra Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A quiver[41] elapid
elapine
Cockroach nymph Template:N/A Template:N/A intrusion[41] blattodean
blattid
blattine
Cod codling Template:N/A Template:N/A school gadid
gadine
Cormorant chick
shaglet		 Template:N/A Template:N/A flight
gulp[13][16][41]		 phalacrocoracid
phalacrocoracine
Cow
See Cattle
Crab zoea hen
jenny		 cock
jimmy		 Template:N/A brachyuran
cancrine
Crane chick
colt[42]		 Template:N/A Template:N/A herd[43][44][45]
sedge[16]
sege[46]
siege[47]		 alectorid
alectorine
Crocodile hatchling cow bull bask[13]
congregation
float[13]
menace		 crocodilian
suchian
Crow Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A murder[2][13] corvine
Script error: No such module "anchor".D
Deer calf[17]
fawn		 doe
hind
cow		 buck
bull[17]
hart (red deer)
stag		 bunch[48]
herd[48]
mob[48]
rangale[48]		 cervid
cervine		 humble (organ meat)
venison
Dog (list) pup[7]
puppy
whelp[49]		 bitch dog
sire
stud		 comedy (boxers)[50][51]
cowardice (curs)[16][52]
cry (hounds)[53]
kennel[48]
litter (young)[54]
mute[16]
pack (wild)[16][48]		 canid
canine
Dogfish
Also see Shark		 Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A troop[48] selachian
squaloid		 capeshark (US)
flake (UK, Australia)
huss (UK)
kahada (Canada)[55]
rigg (UK)
rock salmon (UK)
spiny dogfish
Dolphin calf cow bull herd
pod[56][57]
school[48]
team[48]		 delphine
Donkey (list)
See Ass
Dove chick hen cock arc[13]
cote
dole[2][48]
dule[13][48]
flight[2][13][48]
piteousness[2][48]
pitying[13]		 columbid
columbine
Duck (list)
Also see Mallard		 duckling duck
hen		 cock
drake		 badling (on land)[16]
brace (on land)[16]
bunch (on water)[2][48]
flock (on land)
herd (on land)
paddling (on water)[2][48]
raft (on water)[2][48]
safe (on land)[2]
skein (in flight)[48]
sord (on land)[48]
sore (on land)[48]
string (in flight)[48]
team (in flight)[16][48]
waddling (on land)[48]		 anatid
anatine		 poultry
Dunlin chick Template:N/A Template:N/A fling[2] scolopacid
scolopacine
Script error: No such module "anchor".E
Eagle eaglet
fledgling		 Template:N/A Template:N/A convocation[13][16] aquiline
accipitrid
accipitrine
Echidna puggle Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A tachyglossid
tachyglossine
Eel leptocephalus (larva)
elver (juvenile)		 Template:N/A Template:N/A bed[13]
swarm[13]		 anguillid
anguilline
Elephant calf[36] cow[37] bull[58] herd
memory[13]
parade[22]		 pachyderm
elephantid
elephantine
proboscidean
proboscine
Elk/wapiti calf[17] cow[17] bull[17] gang[13]
herd[13]		 cervid
cervine		 venison
Emu chick
hatchling		 Template:N/A Template:N/A mob[13] Template:N/A
Script error: No such module "anchor".F
Falcon eyass/eyas falcon tercel
terzel
tiercel		 cast[22] falconid
falconine
Ferret kit jill hob business[13][16]
busyness[19]		 mustelid
musteline
Finch chick hen cock charm[16] fringilline
Flamingo chick Template:N/A Template:N/A flamboyance[59]
stand[22]		 phoenicopterid
phoenicopterine
Fly maggot Template:N/A Template:N/A business[13]
cloud[13]
swarm[13]		 muscid
muscine
Fox cub[25]
kit
pup[7]		 vixen dog
reynard
tod		 leash[13][16]
skulk[13][16]
earth[16]		 vulpine
Frog froglet
polliwog
tadpole		 Template:N/A Template:N/A army[16] ranid
ranine
Script error: No such module "anchor".G
Gecko hatchling dam (herpetoculture) sire (herpetoculture) Template:N/A Template:N/A
Gerbil pup doe buck horde gerbilline
Giant panda cub sow boar embarrassment [60]
sleuth[61]		 ailuropodid
ailuropodine
Giraffe calf cow bull corps[62]
herd
tower[62][63]		 giraffid
giraffine
Gnat larva Template:N/A Template:N/A cloud[13][16][62]
horde[13][16][62]
rabble[62]
swarm[13][62]		 Template:N/A
Gnu calf cow bull herd
implausibility[64]		 Template:N/A
Goat (list) kid doe
doeling
nanny		 billy
buck
buckling
wether (castrated)		 herd
flock[62]
tribe[62]
trip[62]
trippe[62]		 caprid
caprine		 cabrito
chevon
mutton
Goldfinch Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A charm[62] cardueline
Goosander Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A dopping[62] Template:N/A
Goose gosling goose gander chevron (in flight)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
flock (on land)
gaggle (on land)[16][62]
plump (on land)[62]
skein (in flight)[2][16][62]
team (in flight)[2][62]
wedge (in flight)[2][62]		 anatid
anatine
anserine		 poultry
Gorilla infant Template:N/A blackback
silverback		 band[13][16][62]
troop, group[13]
whoop[62]		 simian
Goshawk Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A flight[19][62] Template:N/A
Grasshopper nymph Template:N/A Template:N/A cloud[62]
swarm[62]		 caeliferian
Grouse Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A covey[62]
pack[62]		 tetraonid
tetraonine
Guanaco chulengo[65] Template:N/A Template:N/A herd camelid
cameline
Guinea fowl keet hen cock flock[66]
rasp[67]		 numidid
numidine		 poultry
Guinea pig pup sow boar herd Template:N/A cuy
Script error: No such module "anchor".H
Hamster pup doe buck horde cricetid
cricetine
Hare leveret doe
jill		 buck
jack		 band
down[68]
drove[68]
flick[68]
husk[68]		 leporine
Hawk eyas hen tiercel aerie[69]Template:Efn
boil (soaring in large groups)[16][69]
cast[69]Template:Efn
cauldron (soaring in large groups)[69]
flight[69]Template:Efn
flock[69]
kettle (soaring in large groups)[13][69]
leash[69]Template:Efn
staff[69]Template:Efn		 accipitrine
Script error: No such module "anchor".Hedgehog hoglet
piglet
pup		 sow boar array[68] erinaceine
Heron chick hen cock flight[68]
sedge[13][16][68]
sege[46][68]
siege[13][16][47][68]		 ardeid
ardeine
Herring Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A army[16][68]
glean[68]
shoal[68]		 clupeid
clupeine
Hippopotamus calf cow bull bloat[13][16][68]
herd[68]
sea[13][16][68]
thunder[41]		 hippopotamid
hippopotamine
Hornet larva
pupa		 queen drone bike[68]
nest[16]
swarm		 vespid
vespine
Horse (list) colt (male)
filly (female)
foal
weanling
yearling		 dam
mare		 gelding (castrated male)
ridgling
stallion (not castrated)
stud		 band (wild horses)[13]
field (racehorses)
harras[16]
herd (wild horses)[13]
rag (colts)[16]
stable[13]
string (ponies)[16]
stud[16]
team (work horses)[13][16]		 caballine
equid
equine		 horseflesh
horsemeat
Human baby
boy (male)
child
girl (female)
infant		 lady (colloquial)
woman		 gentleman (colloquial)
man		 band
clan
crowd
family
group
horde
tribe		 human
simian		 “long pig”
the flesh that speaks
Hyena cub Template:N/A Template:N/A cackle[13][16]
clan		 hyenid
hyenine
Script error: No such module "anchor".I
Script error: No such module "anchor".J
Jaguar cub Template:N/A Template:N/A leap[70]
parade[22]
prowl[70]		 Template:N/A
Jay chick hen cock band[13]
party[16]
scold[16]		 corvid
corvine
Jellyfish ephyra[71]
planula
polyp		 Template:N/A Template:N/A bloom
brood[13]
fluther[2]
smack[2][16]
smuth[12]		 medusozoan
Junglefowl
(see chicken)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "anchor".K
Kangaroo joey doe
flyer
jill
roo		 boomer
buck
jack		 court
herd
mob[72]
troop[16]		 macropodine
Kingbird chick Template:N/A Template:N/A court
tyranny
coronation		 Template:N/A
Kinkajou kit
pup		 sow boar convergence
troop		 potosine
Koala joey doe buck Template:N/A phascolarctid
phascolarctine
Script error: No such module "anchor".L
Ladybug larva Template:N/A Template:N/A loveliness coccinellid
coccinelline
Lapwing chick Template:N/A Template:N/A deceit[16][19]
desert[2]		 vanelline
Lark chick hen cock exaltation[2][19] alaudine
Lemur infant Template:N/A Template:N/A conspiracy[73] lemurine
Leopard cub leopardess Template:N/A leap[2][13][16]
lepe[2]		 leopardine
Lion cub[25] lioness Template:N/A pride[74][75][44]
sawt[44][76]		 leonine
Lizard hatchling Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A
Llama cria dam
hembra		 macho
stud		 flock
herd		 camelid
Lobster Template:N/A hen[3] cock[3] risk nephropoid
nephropid
nephropine
Locust (list) nymph Template:N/A Template:N/A cloud
host
swarm		 caeliferan
Lyrebird chick hen cock musket[77] menurine
Script error: No such module "anchor".M
Mallard
Also see Duck		 duckling hen greenhead[78] sord[2]
suit[2]		 anatid
anatine		 poultry
Meerkat meerkitten Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A herpestine
Mole pup sow boar labor[22] talpine
Mongoose pup Template:N/A Template:N/A committee
delegation
troop		 hespertid
herpestine
Monkey infant Template:N/A Template:N/A group, troop[2] simian
Moose calf[17] cow[17] bull[17][58] herd alceine venison
Mosquito nymph
tumbler
wriggler		 Template:N/A Template:N/A cloud
scourge
swarm		 culicid
culicine
Moth caterpillar
chrysalis
larva
pupa		 Template:N/A Template:N/A eclipse[22]
swarm[22]		 lepidopteran
Mouse pup doe buck colony
nest		 murid
murine
Script error: No such module "anchor".N
Narwhal calf[79] cow[79] bull[79] pod[79]
herd[79]
school[79]
gam[79]
grind[79]		 cetacean[80]
cetaceous[80]
monodontid
monodontine
Newt eft[81] Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A pleurodeline
Nightingale chick hen cock watch[43][44][45] philomelian
Script error: No such module "anchor".O
Octopus paralarva Template:N/A Template:N/A shoal octopodid
octopodine
Opossum joey jill jack passel[82] didelphid
didelphine
Otter pup
whelp		 sow boar family[22]
romp		 lutrine
Ox
See Cattle
Owl fledgling
owlet		 Template:N/A Template:N/A parliament[13] strigid
strigine
Oyster spat Template:N/A Template:N/A bed[13] ostreoid
ostreid
ostreine
Script error: No such module "anchor".P
Panther cub pantheress Template:N/A Template:N/A pantherine
Panda
See Giant panda
Partridge chick chantelle
hen		 cock covey
roost		 pavonine
phasianine
rolluline
Peafowl chick
peachick		 peahen peacock ostentation pavonine poultry
Peccary Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A squadron[83] Template:N/A
Pelican chick
nestling		 Template:N/A Template:N/A pod[13]
scoop		 pelecanid
pelecanine
Penguin chick
nestling		 Template:N/A Template:N/A colony[84]
huddle[84]
raft (in water)[84]
rookery[84]
tuxedo[12]
waddle (on land)[84][85]		 spheniscid
spheniscine
Pheasant chick hen cock bouquet[13][16]
flock
nest[16]
nide[16]
nye[13][16]		 phasianid
phasianine
Pig (list)
Also see Boar		 farrow
piglet
shoat/shote (just weaned)		 gilt (not bred)[86]
sow (bred)		 barrow (castrated)[87][88]
boar
hog		 drift[13][16][89]
drove[13][16]
litter (piglets)
sounder (older pigs)[22]
team (older pigs)[22]		 porcine
suine		 bacon
ham
pork
Pigeon (list) squab
squeaker		 hen cock flight[90]
flock
kit[90]		 columbid
columbine		 squab
Platypus Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A paddle[91] ornithorhynchid
ornithorhynchine
Polar bear cub sow boar aurora[92]
celebration[92]
pack[92]		 ursid
ursine
Pony
See Horse
Porcupine pup, porcupette[93] sow boar prickle[90] hystricine
hystricid
erethizobtid
erethizontine[94]
Prairie dog pup sow boar town cynomurid
cynomurine
Pug pup bitch dog
sire
stud		 grumble[95] Template:N/A
Script error: No such module "anchor".Q
Quail chick hen cock bevy[74][75][43][44][45] phasianid
phasianine
Script error: No such module "anchor".R
Rabbit (list) bunny
kit
kitten
nestling		 doe
jill		 buck
jack
yoyo		 litter (young)
nest[75]
warren
wrack (young)		 leporid
leporine
Raccoon cub
kit		 sow boar brace
committee
gaze[74]
nursery
smack
troop		 procyonid
procyonine
Ram
Also see Sheep		 lamb ewe ram flock arietine
ovine		 lamb
mutton
Rat (list) kittenScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
pup		 doe buck colony
horde
mischief[96][97]		 murid
murine
Raven chick hen cock conspiracy
unkindness[43][44][98]		 corvid
corvine
Rhinoceros calf cow bull crash[99]
herd		 rhinocerotid
rhinocerotine
Rook Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A building[2]
parliament[2][100]		 Template:N/A
Script error: No such module "anchor".S
Salamander larva Template:N/A Template:N/A maelstrom caudatan
salamandrid
salamandrine
Salmon parr[101] hen
jen		 cock
jack		 Template:N/A salmonine
Sand dollar juvenile (young urchin)
larva pluteus (free-swimming stage)		 Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A clypeasteroid
clypeasterid
clypeasterine
Sandpiper Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A fling[102] scolopacid
scolopacine
Sardine Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A family [102] Template:N/A
Seahorse seafoal seamare seastallion shoal hippocampine
Seal pup[7] cow bull herd[102]
pod[102]
rookery[102]		 pinnipedian
phocid
phocine
Sea otter pup Template:N/A Template:N/A raft lutrine
Shark cub[25]
pup[103]		 Template:N/A bull shiver [60] selachian
squaloid		 flake (AUS)
Sheep (list)
Also see Ram		 cosset
lamb
lambkin		 dam
ewe		 buck
ram
wether (castrated)		 flock[74][75]
fold[104]
herd		 ovine hogget
lamb
mutton
Skunk kit sow boar[3] surfeit mephitid
mephitine
Snail Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A escargatoire[102][105]
rout[102][106]
walk[102]		 gastropodine escargot
Snake (list) hatchling (newly hatched)
neonate (newborn)
snakelet		 Template:N/A Template:N/A ball
nest[75]
slither		 anguine
elapine
ophidian
serpentine
viperine
Spider (list) spiderling Template:N/A Template:N/A cluster[102]
clutter[102]		 arachnid
Spoonbill chick Template:N/A Template:N/A bowl plataleine
Squid paralarva Template:N/A Template:N/A shoal teuthine
Squirrel kit
kitten
pup		 doe buck scurry[41] sciurid
sciurine
Starfish bipinnaria
brachiolaria		 Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A asteroid
galaxy[107]
Starling Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A chattering[13][39]
murmuration[2][13][16][19]		 sturnid
sturnine
Stingray pup Template:N/A Template:N/A fever[108] myliobatoid
Swan cygnet
flapper		 pen cob bevy[22]
flock
lamentation
wedge (in flight)[22]		 cygnine
Script error: No such module "anchor".T
Termite larva Template:N/A Template:N/A colony
nest
swarm		 termitid
termitine
Thrush chick Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A turdid
turdine
Tiger cub[25]
whelp		 tigress Template:N/A ambush[13]
streak[41]		 tigrine
Toad tadpole
toadlet		 Template:N/A Template:N/A knot[13][16] batrachian
ranid
ranine
Toucan chick Template:N/A Template:N/A durante ramphastid
ramphastine
Turkey (list) poult hen gobbler
jake (immature)
stag
tom		 rafter[109][110] Template:N/A poultry
Turtle hatchling
turtlet		 Template:N/A Template:N/A bale[111] testudine
chelonian
Script error: No such module "anchor".V
Viper hatchling Template:N/A Template:N/A Template:N/A viperine
Script error: No such module "anchor".W
Wallaby joey jill jack mob Template:N/A
Wasp larva queen
worker		 drone colony
hive
nest
swarm		 vespine
Weasel kit
pup		 bitch
doe
jill		 buck
dog
hub
jack		 gang[18]
sneak[18]		 mustelid
musteline
Whale calf[36] cow[37] bull gam[22]
pod[74][75]
school		 cetacean
balaenine		 blubber
Wildebeest calf[36] cow[37] bull confusion connochaetine
Wolf cub
pup[7]
puppy
whelp		 bitch
she-wolf		 dog pack[74][75] canine
lupine
Wombat joey jill jack wisdom[112] vombatid
vombatine
Script error: No such module "anchor".Z
Zebra colt (male)
filly (female)
foal		 mare stallion cohort[113]
dazzle[114]
herd[13][113]
zeal[13][113]		 hippotigrine
zebrine

Usage of collective nouns

Merriam-Webster writes that most terms of venery fell out of use in the 16th century, including a "murder" for crows. It goes on to say that some of the terms in The Book of Saint Albans were "rather fanciful", explaining that the book extended collective nouns to people of specific professions, such as a "poverty" of pipers. It concludes that for lexicographers, many of these do not satisfy criteria for entry by being "used consistently in running prose" without meriting explanation. Some terms that were listed as commonly used were "herd", "flock", "school", and "swarm".[115]

Writing for Audubon, Nicholas Lund says that many such terms are not used in actuality. When he interviewed scientists who specialize in studying specific animals, they had not heard of these terms, such as a "bask" of crocodiles or "wisdom" of wombats, being applied in their fields. Lund noted that the common plural nouns for animals were "flock" for birds and "herd" for cows, conceding that for certain animals in small groups, there was currency in usage such as a "pod" of whales or "gaggle" of geese.[116]

See also

Notes

Template:Noteslist

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Riddell, Te Aorere. Toroa: The Royal Albatross. Huia, 2003. 11. Print.
  12. ↑ a b c Ivan G. Sparkes, Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Deer of the world: their evolution, behaviour, and ecology By Valerius Geist, 1998, Template:ISBN
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Beat about the Bush: Mammals Template:Webarchive, by Trevor Carnaby, published by Jacana Media, 2008-01-01, page 362. Template:ISBN.
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named sigmatcom
  27. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ a b c d e f Universe in Your Pocket by Joel Levy, published by Barnes & Noble, Inc.
  42. ↑ Gray, p. 594 Template:Webarchive
  43. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ International Wildlife Encyclopedia By Robert Burton, 2002, vol. 8, Template:ISBN, p. 1322 Template:Webarchive
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000. Houghton Mifflin Company, [1] Template:Webarchive
  79. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Lilford, F.L.S. 1894-5. Notes on the Ornithology of Northamptonshire and Neighborhood for 1893. Journal of the Northamptonshire Natural History Society. Vol 8 p54.
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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