Mysore district

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This district has a prominent place in the history of Karnataka; Mysore was ruled by the Wodeyars from the year 1399 till the independence of India in the year 1947. It features many tourist destinations, from Mysore Palace to Nagarhole National Park. It is the third-most populous district in Karnataka (out of 31), after Bangalore Urban and Belgaum.[3]

Etymology

Mysore district gets its name from the city of Mysore which is also the headquarters of the district. The original name of this city was Mahishapura derived from a demon named Mahishasura. A statue of Mahishasura and a temple dedicated to Goddess Chamundeshwari on the top of Chamundi Hill near Mysore city, relate to the legend of its origin.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

History

File:Mysore Palace Morning.jpg
Mysore Palace

The earliest known reference of rulers in Mysore district are the Gangas who during the rule of King Avinitha (469-529 CE), moved the capital from Kolar to Talakadu on the banks of the river Kaveri in the Tirumakudalu Narasipura taluk.[4] Talakadu remained their regal capital till the end of Ganga rule in the early 11th century. Gangas ruled over a greater part of Mysore district, then known by the name of Gangavadi. In the end of the 8th century, the Rashtrakuta king Dhruva Dharavarsha defeated the Ganga king Shivamara II and wrested Gangavadi from him. Gangavadi came under the governorship of Kambarasa, the son of Dhruva Dharavarsha. Gangas who were overthrown from Gangavadi, had to wait till their king Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869 CE) won a victory against the Rashtrakutas at Rajaramudu. Seeing the increasing might of the Gangas, the Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I gave his daughter Revakanimmadi in marriage to the son of Ereganga, Butuga II who became the ruler of Gangavadi. Gangas ruled over Gangavadi till the Ganga king, Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024 CE) was defeated by the Cholas.[5]

In the year 1117, Vishnuvardhana, the great king of Hoysala dynasty seized Gangavathi and its capital Talakad from the Cholas. To commemorate this achievement, Vishnuvardhana built the Keerthinarayana temple at Talakad.[6] Gangavadi was ruled by the Hoysalas till the death of their last ruler, Veera Ballala III after which Gangavadi became a part of the Vijayanagara Empire. In 1399, Yaduraya established the Wodeyar dynasty at Mysore.[7] It remained as a feudatory to the Vijayanagara Empire owing allegiance to the Vijayanagara kings and the Vijayanagara representative at Srirangapatna, till the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 CE. In the vacuum that was created, Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617) established control and became the first major ruler of the Wodeyar family. He defeated the Vijayanagara representative in a battle at Kesare near Mysore, shifted his capital from Mysore to Srirangapatna in 1610 AD.[8]

The Wodeyars continued to rule over Mysore till the reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), when Hyder Ali Khan and his son Tipu Sultan became the virtual rulers of Mysore.[7] Though there were Wodeyar kings during the rule of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, they were mere figureheads. With the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 under the hands of the British, the Wodeyars were reinstated to the throne of Mysore and the capital was shifted back to Mysore. Prince Krishnaraja Wodeyar III who was just 5 years old was installed on the throne of Mysore in 1799.[7] Wodeyars were the subsidiaries of the British Empire and had to pay annual subsidies. During the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III, the British took the kingdom back from Wodeyars in 1831 under the pretext that the Wodeyar king did not pay the annual subsidy.[9] Commissioners were appointed to rule over the Mysore kingdom. Mark Cubbon (Cubbon Road and Cubbon Park in Bangalore city are named after him) and L. B. Bowring (Bowring Hospital in Bangalore city is named after him) were the prominent British Commissioners who ruled over Mysore. However, the Wodeyar kings raised a plea against this with the British Parliament who gave a ruling favour of the Wodeyars. In 1881, Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (son of Krishnaraja Wodeyar III and Wodeyar king since 1868) was given back the reins of the Mysore kingdom from the British.[9] The Wodeyars continued to rule over the Mysore Kingdom, till the rule of Jayachamaraja Wodeyar who, in the year 1947, merged his kingdom into the new dominion of independent India. He remained as a Maharaja till India became a republic in the year 1950 after which he was anointed as a Raja Pramukh (a constitutional position) as the head of Mysore state till 1956. In 1956, after the reorganisation of Indian states, the Mysore state was born and Jayachamaraja Wodeyar was made as the governor of this state – the position he held until 1964.

Geography

File:Kabini Reservoir South View Karnataka Dec21 D72 21839.jpg
Undulating terrain near Kabini reservoir in SW Mysore district

Mysore district is located between latitude 11°45' to 12°40' N and longitude 75°57' to 77°15' E. It is bounded by Mandya district to the northeast, Chamrajanagar district to the southeast, Kerala state to the south, Kodagu district to the west, and Hassan district to the north. It has an area of 6,854 km2 (ranked 12th in the state). The administrative center of Mysore District is Mysore City. The district is a part of Mysore division. Prior to 1998, Mysore district also contained the Chamarajanagar district before that area was separated off.

The district lies on the undulating table land of the southern Deccan plateau, within the watershed of the Kaveri River, which flows through the northwestern and eastern parts of the district. The Krishna Raja Sagara reservoir, which was formed by building a dam across the Kaveri, lies on the northern edge of the district. Nagarhole National Park lies partly in Mysore district and partly in adjacent Kodagu District.

The district is undulating with only a few isolated peaks. These include Chamundi Hill (Template:Cvt above MSL) and Bettadapura hill (Template:Cvt above MSL) in Periyapatna Taluk. The latter is the highest mountain peak in Mysore district.

Climate

The temperature in the district varies from 15 °C in winters to 35 °C in summers. Mysore district receives an average rainfall of 885  mm.[10]

In 2022, Mysore district received an average annual rainfall of Script error: No such module "convert". (an excess of 57%). The top three highest rainfall receiving hoblis were:

  1. Mirle - Script error: No such module "convert".
  2. Bannur - Script error: No such module "convert".
  3. Hosa Agrahara - Script error: No such module "convert". [11]

Geology

The types of soil found in this district are red soils (red gravelly loam soil, red loam soil, red gravelly clay soil, red clay soil), lateritic soil, deep black soil, saline alluvio-colluvial soil and brown forest soil.[12] Some of the minerals found in this district are kyanite, sillimanite, quartz, magnesite, chromite, soapstone, felsite, corundum, graphite, limestone, dolomite, siliconite and dunite[13]

Demographics

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Religions in Mysore district (2011)[14]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 87.70%
Islam
 
 9.68%
Christianity
 
 1.31%
Buddhism
 
 0.54%
Jainism
 
 0.48%
Other or not stated
 
 0.29%

Template:Pie chart

According to the 2011 census Mysore district has a population of 3,001,127,[3] roughly equal to the nation of Armenia[15][16] or the US state of Mississippi.[17] This gives it a ranking of 125th in India (out of a total of 640).[3] The district has a population density of Script error: No such module "convert". .[3] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.39%.[3] Mysore has a sex ratio of 982 females for every 1000 males,[3] and a literacy rate of 72.56%. 41.50% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.88% and 11.15% of the population respectively.[3] Some of the more ancient forest tribes are Jenu Kuruba, Betta Kuruba, Paniya, Yereva and Soliga.[18]

Hindus constitute 87.70% of the population with Muslims making up 9.68% of the population; the remaining part of the population is made up by Christians, Buddhists and other religious groups.[14]

At the time of the 2011 census, 80.81% of the population spoke Kannada, 9.27% Urdu, 2.91% Telugu, 2.22% Tamil, 1.12% Marathi and 0.92% Hindi as their first language.[19]

Government and administration

File:Mysore District 2020.png
Map of Mysore District, 2020
File:Hootagalli Skyline.jpg
Skyline of Hootagalli, suburb of Mysore City and a CMC
File:ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCY MAP - MYSORE DISTRICT.pdf
Assembly Constituencies of Mysore district

Mysore district is divided into three subdivisions, Nanjangud, Mysore and Hunsur. The Mysore district administration is headed by the Deputy Commissioner who also has the additional role of a District Magistrate. Assistant Commissioners, Tahsildars, Shirastedars (revenue official at Tahsil level), Revenue inspectors and Village Accountants help the Deputy Commissioner in the administration of the district. Mysore city is the headquarters of the district. It lies on the north eastern part of the district and is well known for its beautiful palaces and also for the festivities that take place during Dasara.

Mysore District is subdivided into nine taluks:

Mysore district has 1 Municipal Corporation, 3 City Municipal Councils, 5 Town Municipal Councils and 6 Town Panchayats.

Mysore district elects 11 members to the Legislative Assembly of the State of Karnataka. The 11 assembly constituencies are:

Mysore district also elects 1 member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The Mysore Lok Sabha constituency consists of all the Assembly constituencies mentioned above except for Nanjangud, Tirumakudalu Narasipura, K.R.Nagara and H.D.Kote which belong to the Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency.

Seat of administration

File:District Office, Mysore.jpg
The old DC office, a heritage building
File:SE Front New DC Office Mysore May23 A7C 04958.jpg
The new DC office

The seat of the administrative head for 128 years was a heritage building constructed in 1895 on Krishnaraja Boulevard. In order to decongest the old office, a new office was constructed on a Template:Cvt plot in Siddhartha Nagar at a cost of Rs. 670 million (67 crores). The three storey building resembles the Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel. It has a built-up area of Template:Cvt. In addition, there is basement parking of Template:Cvt. The total area of Template:Cvt is 3-4 times larger than the old office. The foundation stone was laid in October 2016 and building was inaugurated on 10 March 2018, when Siddaramaiah was the Chief Minister. However, with the change of government a few weeks later, the office lay vacant for several years. On 8 June 2023, soon after Siddaramaiah became Chief Minister again, the Deputy Commissioner shifted his office to the new building.[20][21][22]

List of Deputy Commissioners

Deputy Commissioners of Mysore District
Name Tenure Remarks
P. Manivannan[23] 28 January 2008 - 26 May 2010
Harsha Gupta[24] 26 May 2010 - 8 June 2011
P S Vastrad[25][26] 9 June 2011 - 25 November 2012
Naga Nayak[27] December 2012 - 30 January 2013
Dr. Ramegowda[28][29] 30 January 2013 - 27 March 2013
Naga Nayak[28] 27 March 2013 - 18 July 2013
C. Shikha[30] 18 July 2013 - 8 December 2016
D. Randeep[31] 8 December 2016 - 8 March 2018
T. Yogesh[32] 8 March 2018 - 12 March 2018
K. B. Sivakumar[31] 12 March 2018 - 17 April 2018
Darpan Jain[31] 17 April 2018 - 30 April 2018
Abhiram G. Sankar[33] 30 April 2018 - 28 August 2020
B. Sharat[33] 29 August 2020 - 28 September 2020
Rohini Sindhuri Dasari[33] 29 September 2020 - 7 June 2021
Dr. Bagadi Gautham[34] 7 June 2021 – 27 October 2022
Dr. Rajendra .K V[35] 27 October 2022 - Present

Economy

File:Banana Plantation Bandipur Kabini Sep22 A7C 03029.jpg
Banana and coconut cultivated on the bank of the Kabini reservoir

Agriculture

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of this district as it is with the rest of India. Though the agriculture is highly dependent on the rainfall, about 45% of the sown area is irrigated. The principal means of irrigation are canals from the rivers Kaveri and Kabini rivers and tubewells.[36]Template:Rp According to the 2001 census, about 3,25,823 farmers are involved in cultivation in this district. In the year 2001–2002, Mysore district yielded a food grain production of 608,596 Tonnes which is a contribution of 6.94% of the total food grain production in the state for the year.[37] Some of the important crops grown here are cotton, grams, groundnut, jowar, maize, ragi, rice, sugarcane, sunflower and tur.[38] Horticulture is another area contributing significantly to the economy. The principal fruits by area are banana and mango. By production, banana, mango, papaya and sapota are the main fruits.[36]Template:Rp

Industries

File:Infosys Mysore.jpg
Infosys in Hebbal Industrial Area, Hootagalli, Mysore

Industries in Mysore district are mainly concentrated around the cities of Mysore and Nanjangud. Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established two industrial estates as Mysore and Nanjangud and established six industrial areas in Mysore district to encourage Industrial Development of the district. These are located at Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal (Electronic City) and Hootagalli of Mysore Industrial estate and the industrial areas Nanjangud and Thandavapura of Nanjangud industrial estate.[39]

The first major industry to be set up in Mysore with the partnership of the Maharaja of Mysore when Mysore was still an industrially backward district in 1960 was the now defunct Ideal Jawa India Ltd. motorcycle factory with technical collaboration with Jawa Motors of Czechoslovakia.

Some of the major industries located near Mysore city are:

  • Mysore Polymers & Rubber Products Ltd. (MYPOL) - Manufacturer of Rubber Products
  • JK Tyres Ltd. - Manufacturer of tyres
  • Automotive Axles Ltd. - Manufacturer of axles
  • Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. (BEML) - Manufacturer of heavy machinery
  • Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation (KSIC) - Manufacturer of silk garments
  • TVS Ltd. - Manufacturer of motor vehicles and parts (Near Nanjangud, Mysore Taluk)
  • Larsen & Toubro (Manufacturer of medical equipments and Electronic meters)

Some of the major industries located in Nanjangud are:

  • Dunford Fabrics (Closed)
  • VKC Sandals (India) Private Limited
  • Nestle India Ltd.
  • Ray Hans Technologies
  • AT&S India Pvt Ltd.
  • TVS Motor Company
  • Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd.
  • South India Paper Mills
  • Indus Fila
  • S Kumars Now --> Reid & Taylor
  • Raman Boards
  • REI Electronics
  • Jubilant Life sciences limited
  • Brakes (India)
  • Bacardi RUM, Gemini Distilleries Pvt Ltd.
  • Zenith Textiles
  • Kottakal Arya Vaidyasala
  • Supreem Pharmaceuticals Mysore Pvt Ltd.,
  • ITC (Tobacco Processing)
  • United Breweries (Upcoming)

Information technology

Mysore is proving to be the next IT hub in Karnataka after the phenomenal success of Bangalore. The government of India has recognised Mysore as number one among the 20 Tier II cities of India for the promotion of the IT industry.[40] Currently, all of the IT related industries are concentrated around Mysore city. The Software Technology Park (STP) in Mysore was inaugurated in 1998 by the prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. As of August 2006, there are 42 companies registered with the STP. Software exports from Mysore were expected to double to about Rs. 850 crores in the financial year 2006-07 from previous year's exports of Rs. 400 crores.[40] Some of the major IT companies located here are:

Tourism

File:N-KA-B159 Srikanteshwara Temple Gopuram Nanjangud.jpg
Srikanteshwara Temple, Nanjangud

Tourism is another big industry in Mysore. Its importance as a tourist destination was evident when it was selected as the venue for the Karnataka Tourism Expo in 2006.[41] Though Mysore city is well known as a tourist place, other parts the district are yet to see growth in tourism. However, the tourism department plans to develop other areas like Nanjangud, Bettadapura, Hedathali, Kapadi, Mudukuthore Betta, Mugur and Tirumakudalu Narasipura as tourist places.[42]

Gallery

Notable people

  • Gurumalleshwara (1827–1899), Veerashaiva saint, Lingayat ascetic and teacher
  • M. Jayashree, Kannada actress known for supporting roles

See also

References

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  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Kamath (2001), p 40
  5. ↑ The History of the Gangas is discussed by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ The history of Talakad has been presented by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c A history of Mysore kings is presented by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ A history of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore is presented by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b A brief description of the British Raj's rule at Mysore is described by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  10. ↑ Average Rainfall in the districts of Karnataka are specified by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  12. ↑ Types of soil found in Karnataka are described by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ List of Mining Leases given out by the State of Karnataka is mentioned by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ A detailed report on the tribes found in the Nagarhole National Park is presented by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Statistics related to Agriculture are presented by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Statistics related to cultivation of various crops in Karnataka are presented by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Industrial Areas developed by KIADB in Mysore district are mentioned in the webpage: KIADB Industrial Areas Template:Webarchive
  40. ↑ a b Mysore is the number one among Tier II cities for the promotion of IT industry is discussed by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Tourism Expo in Mysore is described by Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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