Mucuna

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Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox

Mucuna is a genus of vines and shrubs of the legume family Fabaceae: tribe Phaseoleae. It has a pan-tropical distribution and contains 112 accepted species since July 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. The genus was created in 1763 by French botanist Michel Adanson.[1]

Description

Plants in this genus are mostly woody or herbaceous vines, with the exception of M. stans, a shrub.Template:R The leaves are stipulate and trifoliate with large leaflets. Inflorescences are produced from the Template:Botanygloss or from older stems, and all except those of M. stans and M. stanleyi are pendant; they may be arranged as pseudo-racemes or pseudo-panicles.Template:R The flowers have the characteristic pea flower form; they are large and showy and exhibit a wide range of colours across the different species. The fruit are dehiscent pods that may be ovoid or oblong and contain a number of seeds; they have divisions (septa) between each seed, the pod may be winged and/or ribbed, and they are often coated in stiff irritating hairs.Template:R

They are generally bat-pollinated and produce seeds that are buoyant sea-beans. These have a characteristic three-layered appearance, appearing like the eyes of a large mammal in some species and like a hamburger in others (most notably M. sloanei) and giving rise to common names like deer-eye beans, donkey-eye beans, ox-eye beans, or hamburger seed.

The name of the genus is derived from mucunã, a Tupi–Guarani word for these species.[2]

Ecology

Some Mucuna species are used as food plants by caterpillars of Lepidoptera. These include Morpho butterflies and the two-barred flasher (Astraptes fulgerator), which is sometimes found on M. holtonii and perhaps others. The plant pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella mucunae is named for being first discovered on Mucuna.

Uses

The pods of some species are covered in coarse hairs that contain the proteolytic enzyme mucunain and cause itchy blisters when they come in contact with skin; specific epithets such as pruriens (Latin: "itching") or urens (Latinized Ancient Greek: "stinging like a nettle") refer to this. Other parts of the plant have medicinal properties. The plants or their extracts are sold in herbalism against a range of conditions, such as urinary tract, neurological, and menstruation disorders, constipation, edema, fevers, tuberculosis, and helminthiases such as elephantiasis.[3] In an experiment to test if M.pruriens might have an effect on the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, Katzenschlager et al. found that a seed powder had a comparable, if not more favourable, effect as commercial formulations of L-dopa, although the trial only consisted of four people per test group.[4]

M. pruriens was found to increase phosphorus availability after application of rock phosphate in one Nigerian experiment.[5] M. pruriens was used in Native American milpa agriculture.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Mucuna seeds contain a large number of antinutritional compounds. The most important is L-dopa, which the digestive system of most animals confuses with the amino acid tyrosine, causing the production of defective proteins. Other antinutrients are tannins, lectins, phytic acid, cyanogenic glycosides, and trypsin and amylase inhibitors, although all these can be removed by long cooking.[6] M. pruriens may also contain chemicals such as serotonin, 5-HTP, nicotine, and the hallucinogenic tryptamines 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine,[6][7]Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Mucuna is not traditionally consumed as a food crop, but some preliminary experiments have shown that if the antinutrients are removed or at least brought down to safe level, the beans can be fed to livestock or people. The L-dopa content is the most important and difficult toxin to get rid of. The seeds must be extensively processed before they can be safely eaten. Diallo & Berhe found the best method was to crack open the seeds and soak them in constantly running fresh water such as under an open faucet for 36 hours, or to put them in a bag and leave in a flowing river for 72 hours, before cooking them for over an hour. Over a thousand people in the Republic of Guinea were fed a meal of Mucuna (mixed with many other ingredients) with no obvious ill effects.[8]

Species

since February 2025Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online accepts the following 112 species:Template:R

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Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna acuminata Graham ex BakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna aimun Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna analuciana T.M.Moura, Mansano & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna angustifolia AdemaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna argentea T.M.Moura, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna argyrophylla Standl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna atropurpurea (Roxb.) DC. ex WightScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna aurea C.B.Rob.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna bennettii F.Muell.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna biplicata Teijsm. & Binn. ex KurzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna birdwoodiana TutcherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna bodinieri H.Lév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna brachycarpa Rech.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna bracteata DC. ex KurzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna cajamarca T.M.Moura, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna calophylla W.W.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna canaliculata Verdc.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna championii Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna chiapaneca M.Sousa & T.M.MouraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna coriacea BakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna cuatrecasasii Hern.Cam. & C.Barbosa ex L.K.RuízScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna curranii ElmerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna cyclocarpa F.P.MetcalfScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna diabolica BackerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna diplax Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna discolor Merr. & L.M.PerryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna ecuatoriana T.M.Moura, G.P.Lewis, Mansano & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna elliptica DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna elmeri Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna eurylamellata AdemaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna flagellipes Vogel ex Hook.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna glabra (Reinecke) Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna glabrialata (Hauman) Verdc.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna globulifera T.M.Moura, N.Zamora & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna gracilipes CraibScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna guangxiensis K.W.Jiang & Y.Feng HuangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna hainanensis HayataScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna havilandii Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna hirtipetala Wilmot-Dear & R.ShaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna holtonii (Kuntze) MoldenkeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna hooglandii Verdc.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna humblotii DrakeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna imbricata (Roxb. ex Lindl.) DC. ex LoudonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R.ShaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna interrupta Gagnep.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna jarocha T.M.Moura, Mansano, Gereau & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna kabaenensis AdemaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna kawakabuti Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna keyensis BurckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna killipiana Hern.Cam. & C.BarbosaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna klitgaardiae T.M.Moura, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna kostermansii Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna lamellata Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna lamii Verdc.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna laticifera Ingalh., N.V.Page & S.S.GaikwadScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna longipedunculata Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna macrobotrys HanceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna macrocarpa Wall.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna macrophylla Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna macropoda Baker f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna manongarivensis Du Puy & LabatScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna melanocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna membranacea HayataScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna mindorensis Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna mitis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna mollis (Kunth) DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna mollissima Teijsm. & Binn. ex KurzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna monosperma DC. ex WightScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna monticola N.Zamora, T.M.Moura & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna mooneyi T.M.Moura, Gereau & G.P.LewisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna mutisiana (Kunth) DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna neocaledonica Baker f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna novoguineensis Scheff.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna occidentalis (Hepper) T.M.Moura & G.P.LewisScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna oligoplax Niyomdham & Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pachycarpa Parreno ex Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pacifica Hosok.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pallida Cordem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna paniculata BakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna papuana AdemaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna persericea (Wilmot-Dear) T.M.Moura & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pesa De Wild.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna platyphylla A.GrayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna platyplekta Quisumb. & Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna poggei Taub.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pseudoelliptica T.M.Moura, G.P.Lewis & A.M.G.AzevedoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna pungens (Vell.) H.F.Menezes & J.F.B.PastoreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna reptans Verdc.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna reticulata BurckScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna revoluta Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna rostrata Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna sakapipei Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna samarensis Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna sanjappae Aitawade & S.R.YadavScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna schlechteri HarmsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna sericophylla PerkinsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & RendleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna stanleyi C.T.WhiteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna stans Welw. ex BakerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna stenoplax Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna subumbellata Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna sumbawaensis Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna tapantiana N.Zamora & T.M.MouraScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna thailandica Niyomdham & Wilmot-DearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna tomentosa K.Schum.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna toppingii Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna verdcourtii Wiriad.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Mucuna warburgii K.Schum. & Lauterb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Formerly placed here

Gallery

Flowers

Seed pods

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Oudhia (2002)
  4. ↑ Katzenschlager et al. (2004)
  5. ↑ Vanlauwe et al. (2000)
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Erowid (2002): Mucuna pruriens. Created 2002-APR-22. Retrieved 2007-DEC-17
  8. ↑ Diallo & Berhe (2003)
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Mucuna. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2007-DEC-17.
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Oudhia, Pankaj (2002): Kapikachu or Cowhage (Mucuna pruriens) Crop Fact Sheet. Version of 5-9-2002. Retrieved 2007-DEC-17.
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Mucuna&oldid=2046908"