Muconic acid
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Muconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. There are three isomeric forms designated trans,trans-muconic acid, cis,trans-muconic acid, and cis,cis-muconic acid which differ by the geometry around the double bonds. Its name is derived from mucic acid.
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trans,trans-Muconic acid is a metabolite of benzene in humans. The determination of its concentration in urine is therefore used as a biomarker of occupational or environmental exposure to benzene.[1][2] Synthetically, trans,trans-muconic acid can be prepared from adipic acid.[3]
cis,cis-Muconic acid is produced by some bacteria by the enzymatic degradation of various aromatic chemical compounds.
The bioproduction of muconic acid is of interest because of its potential use as a platform chemical for the production of several valuable consumer bioplastics including nylon-6,6, polyurethane, and polyethylene terephthalate.[4]