Monardella
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Monardella is a genus of approximately 40 species of annual and perennial plants native to western North America from British Columbia to northwestern Mexico.[1][2][3] They are grown for their highly aromatic foliage, which in some species is used for herbal teas. The two-lipped, tubular flowers are formed in terminal clusters and are most usually red, pink, or purple.[4]
Monardella is a Latin diminutive form of Monarda (a taxonomic patronym honoring the Spanish botanist Nicolás Monardes), which the form of the flower heads resembles. [5] Plants in this genus are commonly known as wildmints, coyote mints or monardellas.
Species
since February 2024[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[6]
- Monardella angustifolia Elvin, Ertter & Mansfield
- Monardella arizonica Epling - Arizona
- Monardella australis Abrams - southern California
- Monardella beneolens Shevock, Ertter & Jokerst - southern California
- Monardella boydii A.C.Sanders & Elvin - southern California
- Monardella breweri A.Gray - California, Nevada, Arizona, Baja California
- Monardella breweri subsp. lanceolata (A.Gray) A.C.Sanders & Elvin, syn. Monardella lanceolata A.Gray[7] - California
- Monardella candicans Benth. - San Joaquín Valley of California
- Monardella douglasii Benth. - San Francisco Bay area of California
- Monardella eplingii Elvin et al.[8] - Arizona
- Monardella eremicola A.C.Sanders & Elvin - southern California
- Monardella exilis (A.Gray) Greene - southern California, Arizona
- Monardella follettii (Jeps.) Jokerst - northern Sierra Nevada in California
- Monardella hypoleuca A.Gray - southern California, Baja California
- Monardella kruckebergii Elvin, R.B.Kelley & B.T.Drew
- Monardella lagunensis M.E.Jones - Baja California Sur
- †Monardella leucocephala A.Gray - Merced & Stanislaus counties in California but believed to be extinct
- Monardella linoides A.Gray - California, Arizona, Nevada, Baja California
- Monardella macrantha A.Gray - California, Baja California
- Monardella mojavensis Elvin & A.C.Sanders - Mohave Desert of southeastern California & southern Nevada
- Monardella nana A.Gray - California, Baja California
- Monardella odoratissima Benth. - mountain wildmint, mountain coyote mint or mountain pennyroyal - much of western North America from British Columbia south to southern California & New Mexico
- Monardella odoratissima subsp. villosa (Benth.) Brunell, syns Monardella antonina Hardham, Monardella villosa Benth.[9] – (common) coyote mint – California
- Monardella palmeri A.Gray - Santa Lucia Mountains of west-central California
- Monardella perplexans Elvin, R.B.Kelley & B.T.Drew
- †Monardella pringlei A.Gray - Mohave Desert of southeastern California but believed to be extinct
- Monardella purpurea Howell - Oregon, California
- Monardella robisonii Epling ex Munz - Mohave Desert of southeastern California
- Monardella saxicola I.M.Johnst. - southeastern California
- Monardella sheltonii Torr. ex Durand - Oregon, California
- Monardella sinuata Elvin & A.C.Sanders - coastal central California
- Monardella siskiyouensis Hardham - northern California
- Monardella stebbinsii Hardham & Bartel - Plumas County in northern California
- Monardella stoneana Elvin & A.C.Sanders - San Diego County in California, Baja California
- Monardella × subglabra (Hoover) Hardham - California (M. purpurea × M. villosa)
- Monardella subserrata Greene
- Monardella thymifolia Greene - Cedros Island in Baja California
- Monardella undulata Benth. - coastal central California
- Monardella venosa (Torr.) A.C.Sanders & Elvin - central California
- Monardella viminea Greene - San Diego County in southern California
- Monardella viridis Jeps. - northern San Francisco Bay area of California (Sonoma, Napa, Solano, & Lake Counties)
- Monardella walwaamaxsia Elvin, R.B.Kelley & B.T.Drew
Horticulture and ecology
Most like a sunny, sharply drained site and can be attractive in a rock garden or pot in the alpine house if smaller species are selected. The taller ones can be used at the front of a dry sunny border. They have reasonable frost resistance, but resent dampness in winter. Propagate from seed or summer cuttings of perennial species, or by division of clumps.
Monardella is a nectar plant for many Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), including the endangered Myrtle's silverspot (Speyeria zerene myrtleae).
Several species are rare California endemics; two, the Merced monardella (M. leucocephala) and Pringle's monardella (M. pringlei), have not been seen in many decades and are presumed extinct.[10][11]
Notes
References
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- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
- ↑ Elvin, M.A. & Sanders, A.C. (2009). Nomenclatural changes for Monardella (Lamiaceae) in California. Novon 19: 315-343.
- ↑ Jepson Manual Treatment
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite POWO
- ↑ Template:Cite POWO
- ↑ Elvin, M. A., et al. (2013). Monardella eplingii, a new species from the Black Mountains of northwestern Arizona, USA. Madroño 60(1) 46-54.
- ↑ Template:Cite POWO
- ↑ Jepson Manual Treatment: M. leucocephala
- ↑ Jepson Manual Treatment: M. pringlei
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