Minor-planet moon
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A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. since January 2022[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons.[1] Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights into their physical properties that are generally not otherwise accessible.[2]
Several of the moons are quite large compared to their primaries: 90 Antiope, Mors–Somnus and Sila–Nunam (95%), Patroclus–Menoetius, Altjira and Lempo–Hiisi (90%, with Lempo–Paha at 50%). The largest known minor-planet moon in absolute size is Pluto's moon Charon, which has about half the diameter of Pluto.
There are also several known ring systems around distant objects (see: Rings of Chariklo and Chiron).
Terminology
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In addition to the terms satellite and moon, the term "binary" (binary minor planet) is sometimes used for minor planets with one moon, and "triple" for minor planets with two moons. If one object is much bigger it is referred to as the primary and its companion as the secondary. The term double asteroid is sometimes used for systems in which the asteroid and its moon are roughly the same size, while binary tends to be used independently from the relative sizes of the components. When binary minor planets are similar in size, the Minor Planet Center (MPC) refers to them as "binary companions" instead of referring to the smaller body as a satellite.[3] A good example of a true binary is the 90 Antiope system, identified in August 2000.[4] Very small satellites are often referred to as moonlets.[2][5]
Discovery milestones
Prior to the era of the Hubble Space Telescope and space probes reaching the outer Solar System, attempts to detect satellites around asteroids were limited to optical observations from Earth. For example, in 1978, stellar occultation observations were claimed as evidence of a satellite for the asteroid to 532 Herculina.[6][7] However, later more-detailed imaging by the Hubble Telescope did not reveal a satellite, and the current consensus is that Herculina does not have a significant satellite.[8] There were other similar reports of asteroids having companions (usually referred to as satellites) in the following years. A letter by astronomer Thomas Hamilton in the Sky & Telescope magazine at this time pointed to apparently simultaneous impact craters on Earth (for example, the Clearwater Lakes in Quebec), suggesting that these craters were caused by pairs of gravitationally bound objects.[9]
Also in 1978, Pluto's largest moon Charon was discovered; however, at the time Pluto was still considered to be one of the major planets.
In 1993, the first asteroid moon was confirmed when the Galileo probe discovered the small Dactyl orbiting 243 Ida in the asteroid belt. The second was discovered around 45 Eugenia in 1998.[10] In 2001, 617 Patroclus and its same-sized companion Menoetius became the first known binary asteroids in the Jupiter trojans.[11] The first trans-Neptunian binary after Pluto–Charon, Template:Mpl, was optically resolved in 2002.[12]
In 2021, 130 Elektra was discovered to have three moons, making it the only known quadruple asteroid.[13]
Multiple systems
In 2005, the asteroid 87 Sylvia was discovered to have two satellites, making it the first known triple system (also called a triple minor planet or triple asteroid).[14] This was followed by the discovery of a second moon orbiting 45 Eugenia.[15] Also in 2005, the dwarf planet Template:Dp was discovered to have two moons, making it the second trans-Neptunian object after Pluto known to have more than one moon.[16] Additionally, 216 Kleopatra[17] and 93 Minerva[18] were discovered to be triple asteroids in 2008 and 2009 respectively. There has been one discovered quadruple minor planet, that being 130 Elektra. Since the first few triple minor planets were discovered, more continue to be discovered. Template:Asof, the total number of known multiple systems among minor planets is 18 (including the Pluto and Haumea systems).[1]
The following table lists all satellites of multiple systems, starting with Pluto, which was unnumbered when its first moon was discovered in 1978. The highest known multiplicities are for Pluto (a sextuple system) and 130 Elektra (a quadruple system).
| Parent body | Minor-planet moon | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Orbital class | Designation | Discovery date |
Announcement date |
Announcement of triple |
| Pluto | Kuiper Belt | Charon | 1978/06/22 | 1978/07/07 | 2005/10/31 |
| Nix | 2005/05/15 | 2005/10/31 | |||
| Hydra | |||||
| Kerberos | 2011/06/28 | 2013/07/02 | |||
| Styx | 2012/06/26 | 2013/07/02 | |||
| 45 Eugenia | Asteroid belt | Petit-Prince | 1998/11/01 | 1999/03/20 | 2007/03/07 |
| S/2004 (45) 1[19] | 2004/02/14 | 2007/03/07 | |||
| 87 Sylvia | Asteroid belt | Romulus | 2001/02/18 | 2005/08/11 | 2005/08/11 |
| Remus | 2004/08/09 | ||||
| 93 Minerva | Asteroid belt | Aegis | 2009/08/16 | 2013/12/17 | 2013/12/17 |
| Gorgoneion | |||||
| 107 Camilla | Asteroid belt | S/2001 (107) 1[20] | 2001/03/01 | 2001/03/19 | 2016/08/07 |
| S/2016 (107) 1[21] | 2015/05/29 | 2016/08/07 | |||
| 130 Elektra | Asteroid belt | – | 2003/08/15 | 2003/08/17 | 2014/12/16 |
| – | 2014/12/06 | 2014/12/16 | |||
| – | 2014/12/09 | 2021/11/06 | |||
| 216 Kleopatra | Asteroid belt | Alexhelios | 2008/09/19 | 2011/02/18 | 2011/02/18 |
| Cleoselene | |||||
| 2577 Litva | Mars-crosser | – | 2009/02/28 | 2009/03/11 | 2013/12/22 |
| – | 2012/06/22 | 2013/12/22 | |||
| 3122 Florence | Amor | – | 2017/08/29 | 2017/09/01 | 2017/09/01 |
| – | |||||
| 3749 Balam | Asteroid belt | – | 2002/02/08 | 2002/02/13 | 2008/03/12 |
| – | 2007/07/15 | 2008/03/12 | |||
| 4666 Dietz | Asteroid belt | – | 2015/09/02 | 2015/10/?? | 2018/07/20 |
| – | 2015/09/02 | 2018/07/20 | |||
| 6186 Zenon | Asteroid belt | – | 2017/01/01 | 2017/01/14 | 2017/01/14 |
| – | |||||
| 47171 Lempo | Kuiper belt | Paha | 2001/12/08 | 2002/01/10 | 2009/10/?? |
| Hiisi | 2009/10/?? | 2009/10/?? | |||
| 136108 Haumea | Kuiper belt | Hiʻiaka | 2005/01/26 | 2008/09/17 | 2008/09/17 |
| Namaka | 2005/06/30 | ||||
| Template:Mpl | Apollo | Beta (unofficial) | 2009/06/12 | 2009/06/19 | 2009/06/19 |
| Gamma (unofficial) | |||||
| Template:Mpl | Amor | Beta (unofficial) | 2008/02/12 | 2008/02/12 | 2008/02/12 |
| Gamma (unofficial) | |||||
| Template:Mpl | Amor | – | 2015/08/?? | 2015/08/22 | 2020/06/09 |
| – | 2020/05/?? | 2020/06/09 | |||
| Template:Mpl | Aten | – | 2001/10/07 | 2001/10/09 | 2024/10/11 |
| – | 2024/10/?? | 2024/10/11 | |||
Commonality
The data about the populations of binary objects are still patchy. In addition to the inevitable observational bias (dependence on the distance from Earth, size, albedo and separation of the components) the frequency appears to be different among different categories of objects. Among asteroids, an estimated 2% would have satellites. Among trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), an estimated 11% are thought to be binary or multiple objects, and the majority of the large TNOs have at least one satellite, including all four IAU-listed dwarf planets.
More than 50 binaries are known in each of the main groupings: near-Earth asteroids, belt asteroids, and trans-Neptunian objects, not including numerous claims based solely on light-curve variation.
Two binaries have been found so far among centaurs with semi-major axes smaller than Neptune.[22] Both are double ring systems around 2060 Chiron and 10199 Chariklo, discovered in 1993–2011 and 2013 respectively.
Origin
The origin of minor-planet moons is not currently known with certainty, and a variety of hypotheses exist. One such model is that minor-planet moons are formed from debris knocked off the primary by an impact. Other pairings may be formed when a small object is captured by the gravity of a larger one.
Formation by collision is constrained by the angular momentum of the components, i.e. by the masses and their separation. Close binaries fit this model (e.g. Pluto–Charon). Distant binaries however, with components of comparable size, are unlikely to have followed this scenario, unless considerable mass has been lost in the event.
The distances of the components for the known binaries vary from a few hundreds of kilometres (243 Ida, 3749 Balam) to more than 3000 km (379 Huenna) for the asteroids. Among TNOs, the known separations vary from 3,000 to 50,000 km.[22]
Populations and classes
What is "typical" for a binary system tends to depend on its location in the Solar System (presumably because of different modes of origin and lifetimes of such systems in different populations of minor planets).[23]
- Among near-Earth asteroids, satellites tend to orbit at distances of the order of 3–7 primary radii, and have diameters two to several times smaller than the primary. Since these binaries are all inner-planet crossers, it is thought that tidal stresses that occurred when the parent object passed close to a planet may be responsible for the formation of many of them, although collisions are thought to also be a factor in the creation of these satellites.
- Among main-belt asteroids, the satellites are usually much smaller than the primary (a notable exception being 90 Antiope), and orbit around 10 primary radii away. Many of the binary systems here are members of asteroid families, and a good proportion of satellites are expected to be fragments of a parent body whose disruption after an asteroid collision produced both the primary and satellite.
- Among trans-Neptunian objects, it is common for the two orbiting components to be of comparable size, and for the semi-major axis of their orbits to be much larger − about 100 to 1000 primary radii. A significant proportion of these binaries are expected to be primordial.
- Pluto has five known moons. Its largest moon Charon has a radius of more than half that of Pluto, and is large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In fact, each orbits the common barycenter between them, with Pluto's orbit entirely enclosed by Charon's; thus they form a binary system informally referred to as a double dwarf planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx, are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.
- Haumea has two moons with radii estimated around 155 km (Hiʻiaka) and 85 km (Namaka).
- Template:Dp has one known moon, S/2015 (136472) 1, estimated to be some Script error: No such module "convert". in diameter.
- 47171 Lempo is a unique trans-Neptunian triple system: Lempo and its moon of roughly equal mass, Hiisi, form a close-proximity binary, separated by roughly 867 km. A second moon, Paha, orbits the Lempo–Hiisi binary at about 7411 km.
- Template:Dp has one known moon, Dysnomia. Its radius, based on its brightness, is estimated to be roughly between 150 and 350 km.[24]
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since January 2022[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., there are 457 minor planets (systems) with 477 known companions.[1] The following table is a listing of the total number of these systems by orbital class:
| # of Systems | Orbital class | List by class | Multiple satellites |
|---|---|---|---|
| 86 | Near-Earth objects | go to list | Three systems with two satellites: 3122 Florence, Template:Mpl, and Template:Mpl. |
| 31 | Mars-crossing asteroids | go to list | One system with two satellites: 2577 Litva. |
| 212 | Main-belt asteroids | go to list | Eight systems with two satellites: 45 Eugenia, 87 Sylvia, 93 Minerva, 107 Camilla, 216 Kleopatra, 3749 Balam, 4666 Dietz, 6186 Zenon; and one quadruple system with three satellites: 130 Elektra. |
| 6 | Jupiter trojans | go to list | – |
| 122 | Trans-Neptunian objects | go to list | Two systems with two satellites: 47171 Lempo and 136108 Haumea; one system with five satellites: 134340 Pluto.[1][25] |
Near-Earth objects
This is a list of near-Earth asteroids with companions.[1] Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background.[26] For an overview, see summary and introduction.
| System | Primary | Secondary | Refs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Class | De (km) |
s/p-ratio | YOD | Dp (km) |
RTp (hours) |
Designation | YOD | Ds (km) |
RTs (hours) |
as (km) |
Ps (hours) | |
| 1862 Apollo | APO | 1.55 | 0.052 | 1932 | 1.55 | 3.065 | – | 2005 | 0.08 | – | 3.75 | 27.36 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 1866 Sisyphus | APO | 8.48 | 0.1 | 1972 | 8.44 | 2.3909 | – | 1985 | 0.84 | – | 19 | 27.12 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 3122 Florence | AMO | 4.40 | 0.04 0.04 |
1981 | 4.4 | 2.3581 | – | 2017 | 0.2 | – | 4.6 | 7.2 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| – | 2017 | 0.3 | – | 9.8 | 24 | ||||||||
| 3671 Dionysus | AMO | 1.46 | 0.2 | 1984 | 1.43 | 2.705 | S/1997 (3671) 1[27] | 1997 | 0.29 | – | 3.4 | 27.744 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 5143 Heracles | APO | 3.65 | 0.167 | 1991 | 3.6 | 2.706 | – | 2011 | 0.6 | – | 4 | 15.5 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 5381 Sekhmet | ATE | 1.04 | 0.3 | 1991 | 1 | 2.7 | – | 2003 | 0.3 | 10 | 1.54 | 12.5 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (5646) 1990 TR | AMO | 2.72 | 0.18+ | 1990 | 2.68 | 3.1999 | – | 2012 | 0.48 | – | 5.1 | 19.4712 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 7088 Ishtar | AMO | 1.51 | 0.42 | 1992 | 1.39 | 2.679 | – | 2006 | 0.33 | – | 2.8 | 20.6496 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (7888) 1993 UC | APO | 2.72 | – | 1993 | 2.72 | 2.34 | – | 2013 | – | – | 7.7 | 35.04 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 15745 Yuliya | AMO | 1.2 | 0.46+ | 1991 | 0.61+ | 3.2495 | – | 2018 | 0.28+ | – | – | 11.735 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (31345) 1998 PG | AMO | 0.94 | 0.3 | 1998 | 0.9 | 2.51620 | – | 2001 | 0.27 | – | 1.4 | 14.0064 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1.26 | 0.38+ | 1998 | 1.18 | 2.7358 | – | 2021 | 0.45+ | – | 4.6 | 55.39 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (35107) 1991 VH | APO | 1.12 | 0.4 | 1991 | 1.04 | 2.624 | S/2008 (35107) 1[28] | 1997 | 0.42 | – | 3.26 | 32.64 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1.5 | 0.41+ | 1999 | 1.4 | 2.7375 | – | 2015 | 0.6+ | – | 3.8 | 31.32 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 65803 Didymos | AMO | 0.77 | 0.22 | 1996 | 0.75 | 2.259 | Dimorphos S/2003 (65803) 1 |
2003 | 0.177 | – | 1.18 | 11.8992 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ATE | 0.89 | 0.48 | 1998 | 0.8 | 2.492 | – | 2002 | 0.38 | – | 1.2 | 14.5392 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 66391 Moshup | ATE | 1.39 | 0.341 | 1999 | 1.317 | 2.7645 | Squannit S/2001 (66391) 1 |
2001 | 0.451 | 17.4 | 2.548 | 17.4216 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 2.3 | – | 2000 | 2.3 | 2.1102 | – | 2014 | – | – | 3.8 | 15.7 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 69230 Hermes | APO | 0.81 | 0.9 | 1937 | 0.6 | 13.894 | – | 2003 | 0.54 | 13.892 | 1.1 | 13.8936 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (85275) 1994 LY | AMO | 2.51 | 0.24+ | 1994 | 2.44 | 2.696 | – | 2020 | 0.59+ | – | 4.2 | 16.6238 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.48 | 0.5 | 1999 | 0.43 | 2.514 | – | 2004 | 0.21 | – | 0.8 | 17.7312 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1 | 0.28 | 2001 | 0.96 | 2.4 | – | 2001 | 0.2 | – | 1.6 | 16.399 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (136617) 1994 CC | APO | 0.64 | 0.182 0.129 |
1994 | 0.62 | 2.3886 | Beta (unofficial) | 2009 | 0.113 | – | 1.729 | 29.832 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Gamma (unofficial) | 2009 | 0.08 | – | 6.130 | 201.024 | ||||||||
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.69 | 0.109 | 1998 | 0.69 | 2.302 | – | 2012 | 0.08 | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ATE | 3.73 | 0.23 | 1999 | 3.64 | 2.319 | – | 1999 | 0.84 | – | 7.3 | 14.01696 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 2.18 | – | 2000 | 2.18 | 4.243 | – | 2013 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.995 | 0.33 | 2003 | 0.94 | 2.6446 | – | 2021 | 0.31 | 13.065 | 1.4 | 13.07 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ATE | 1.65 | – | 2000 | 1.65 | 4.1367 | – | 2019 | – | 16.079 | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 2.85 | 0.408 0.177 |
2001 | 2.6 | 3.425 | Beta (unofficial) | 2008 | 1.06 | – | 16.633 | 149.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Gamma (unofficial) | 2008 | 0.46 | – | 3.804 | 16.464 | ||||||||
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.46 | 0.25 | 2002 | 0.45 | 2.817 | – | 2012 | 0.11 | – | 1.5 | 26.304 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.3 | 0.167 | 1990 | 0.3 | 2.536 | – | 2003 | 0.05 | – | 0.6 | 21 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ATE | 0.62 | 0.5 | 2000 | 0.55 | 2.642 | – | 2005 | 0.28 | – | 1.05 | 14.16 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 163693 Atira | ATI | 4.9 | 0.21 | 2003 | 4.8 | 2.9745 | – | 2017 | 1 | – | 6 | 15.504 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1.12 | 0.191 | 2003 | 1.1 | 2.343 | – | 2004 | 0.21 | – | 3.93 | 36.696 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1.69 | 0.28 | 1996 | 1.69 | 3.595195 | – | 1998 | 0.49 | 16.15 | 3 | 16.1508 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.85 | 0.41 | 2000 | 0.8 | 2.774 | – | 2000 | 0.3 | – | 2.62 | 42.192 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1.05 | – | 2005 | 1.045 | 40.542 | – | 2017 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1.06 | – | 2006 | 1.06 | 182 | – | 2015 | – | 2.62 | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.28 | 0.5 | 2003 | 0.25 | – | – | 2017 | 0.1 | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.38 | 0.18+ | 2002 | 0.37 | 2.5001 | – | 2018 | 0.07+ | – | 0.5 | 10.76 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 3.46 | 0.087 | 2002 | 3.46 | 3.2931 | – | 2004 | 0.3 | – | 4.7 | 15.6 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 3.09 | 0.25 | 1998 | 3.2 | 4.751 | – | 2013 | 0.8 | 1.3046 | 6.212 | 31.3104 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1 | – | 2000 | 1 | – | – | 2021 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.92 | – | 2001 | 0.92 | – | – | 2017 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.37 | 0.2 | 2004 | 0.36 | 2.6 | – | 2006 | 0.07 | 7 | 0.75 | 23.04 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.95 | 0.23 | 2003 | 0.93 | 3.463 | – | 2021 | 0.21 | 22.92 | 2 | 22.92 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.6 | 0.18 | 2005 | 0.6 | 2.4144 | – | 2015 | 0.11 | – | 0.9 | 14.736 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.33 | 0.21 | 2004 | 0.32 | 2.6 | – | 2015 | 0.07 | – | 0.5 | 14.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ATE | 0.81 | 0.15 | 1998 | 0.8 | 3- | – | 2001 | 0.12 | <6 | 4.5 | 98.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.62 | 0.065 | 2000 | 0.62 | 5.12 | – | 2009 | 0.04 | – | 0.61 | 7.2 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.17 | 0.533 | 2004 | 0.15 | 4- | – | 2012 | 0.08- | – | 0.25 | 20 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1.82 | 0.28 | 2006 | 1.06 | 2.41 | – | 2007 | 0.3+ | – | 1.5 | 5.52 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1.04 | 0.49 | 1994 | 0.94 | 2.519 | – | 1994 | 0.46 | – | 2 | 22.3296 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.55 | 0.47+ | 1991 | 0.5 | 3.4907 | – | 2014 | 0.24 | 15.917 | 0.86 | 15.91704 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.54 | 0.32+ | 2005 | 0.5 | 3.4883 | – | 2008 | 0.2 | 15.267 | 0.6 | 15.2808 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.17 | 0.6 | 2009 | 0.15 | 4 | – | 2015 | 0.09 | – | 0.25 | 14.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.63 | 0.333 | 2008 | 0.6 | 2.726 | – | 2008 | 0.2+ | – | 1.5 | 28.8 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 1.95 | 0.24 | 2005 | 1.9+ | 3.339 | – | 2005 | 0.46 | – | 3.4 | 17.9304 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.41 | 0.2 | 2006 | 0.4 | 2.27 | – | 2006 | 0.08 | – | 0.5 | 11.7 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.53 | 0.36 | 2007 | 0.5 | 2.603 | – | 2012 | 0.18 | – | 1.4 | 33.504 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.62 | 0.25 | 1994 | 0.6 | 2.736 | – | 2005 | 0.15+ | – | 0.6 | 17.976 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1.067 | 0.46 | 2007 | 0.97 | 3.497 | – | 2019 | 0.45 | 41.36 | 3.2 | 41.36 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.29 | 0.5 | 2000 | 0.26 | 4.44 | – | 2000 | 0.13 | – | 0.426 | 18.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.38 | – | 2008 | 0.38 | – | – | 2013 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.34 | 0.5- | 2014 | 0.3 | – | – | 2015 | 0.15- | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.40 | 0.25 | 2005 | 0.40 | 3.6 | – | 2022 | 0.1 | – | 4 | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.21- | 1 | 1994 | 0.15- | 30 | – | 2014 | 0.15- | – | 0.525 | 30 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.181 | 0.45 | 1999 | 0.165 | 3.0697 | – | 2021 | 0.074 | – | 0.29 | 16.4448 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.61 | 0.167 | 2002 | 0.6 | 2.7 | – | 2002 | 0.1 | – | 1.4 | 25.8 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.51 | 0.2 | 2002 | 0.5 | – | – | 2002 | 0.1 | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.13 | 0.5 | 2003 | 0.12 | – | – | 2003 | 0.06 | – | 0.27 | 24 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ATE | 0.27 | – | 2005 | 0.27 | rot. | – | 2014 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.31 | 0.267 | 2007 | 0.3 | 2.703 | – | 2007 | 0.08+ | – | 0.45 | 13.44 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.53 | 0.24 | 2013 | 0.52 | 3.6246 | – | 2020 | 0.12 | – | 1.2 | 27.312 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1.32 | – | 2013 | 1 | 2.8849 | – | 2014 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.3 | 0.32+ | 2014 | 0.3 | 3.361 | – | 2014 | 0.1 | – | 0.5 | 13.665 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.1 | – | 2015 | 0.1 | – | – | 2015 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.47 | 0.43 | 2016 | 0.42 | 7- | – | 2019 | 0.18- | <40 | 0.42+ | 7.2 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.3 | – | 2017 | 0.3 | – | – | 2017 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 1.3 | 1 | 2017 | 0.9 | 20.6 | – | 2018 | 0.9 | – | 2.4 | 22.08 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.24 | 0.167 | 2018 | 0.24 | 1.2 | – | 2018 | 0.04 | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.28 | 0.23 | 2018 | 0.27 | 2.4398 | – | 2018 | 0.06 | 2.3498 | 0.35 | 10.512 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | AMO | 0.19 | – | 2020 | 0.19 | – | – | 2020 | – | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | APO | 0.18 | 0.42 | 2020 | 0.165 | 2.8 | – | 2020 | 0.07 | <49 | 0.36 | 47.04 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
Mars crossers
This is a list of Mars-crossing asteroids with companions.[1] Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background.[26] For an overview, see summary and introduction.
| System | Primary | Secondary | Refs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Class | De (km) |
s/p-ratio | YOD | Dp (km) |
RTp (hours) |
Designation | YOD | Ds (km) |
as (km) |
Ps (hours) | |
| 1139 Atami | cls. | 7.81 | 0.833 | 1929 | 6 | 27.45 | – | 2005 | 5 | 15+ | 27.456 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 1656 Suomi | H | 7.86 | 0.26+ | 1942 | 7.61 | 2.5885 | – | 2020 | 1.98+ | 30 | 57.92 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 1727 Mette | cls. | 10.4 | 0.21 | 1965 | 10.18 | 2.98109 | – | 2013 | 2.14 | 21 | 20.99 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 2044 Wirt | cls. | 6.66 | 0.25 | 1950 | 6.46 | 3.6898 | – | 2006 | 1.62 | 12 | 18.9696 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 2449 Kenos | cls. | 6.2 | 0.23 | 1978 | 6 | 3.8481 | – | 2015 | 1.4 | 10 | 15.84 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 2577 Litva | cls. | 4.4 | 0.35 0.3 |
1975 | 4 | 2.813 | – | 2009 | 1.4 | 21 | 35.88 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| S/2012 (2577) 1[29] | 2012 | 1.2 | 378 | 5136 | ||||||||
| 3873 Roddy | cls. | 7.51 | 0.27 | 1984 | 7.25 | 2.47900 | – | 2012 | 1.96 | 14 | 19.24 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 4435 Holt | cls. | 5.03 | 0.34+ | 1983 | 4.76 | 2.867 | – | 2017 | 1.62+ | 16 | 42.648 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 5261 Eureka | cls. | 1.28 | 0.39+ | 1990 | 1.19 | 2.6902 | – | 2011 | 0.46 | 2.1 | 16.9296 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (5407) 1992 AX | cls. | 3.98 | 0.2 | 1992 | 3.9 | 2.549 | – | 1997 | 0.78 | 5.8 | 13.5192 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 7002 Bronshten | cls. | 3.12 | 0.24+ | 1971 | 3.03 | 2.67025 | – | 2018 | 0.73+ | 4.5 | 13.32 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 7369 Gavrilin | cls. | 7.92 | 0.32+ | 1975 | 7.54 | 49.12 | – | 2007 | 2.41 | 27 | 49.128 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 8373 Stephengould | unus. | 5.48 | 0.27- | 1992 | 5.29 | 4.435 | – | 2010 | 1.43 | 15 | 34.152 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 12008 Kandrup | cls. | 4.2 | 0.75 | 1996 | 3.4 | 32.9034 | – | 2016 | 2.6 | 10 | 32.904 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 13920 Montecorvino | cls. | 2.81 | 0.22+ | 1985 | 2.81 | 2.20231 | – | 2020 | – | – | 15.475 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (15700) 1987 QD | cls. | 4.15 | 0.31 | 1987 | 3.96 | 3.0586 | – | 2010 | 1.23 | 14 | 50.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (16635) 1993 QO | cls. | 4.77 | 0.27+ | 1993 | 4.61 | 7.622 | – | 2007 | 1.24 | 12 | 32.256 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| (23621) 1996 PA | cls. | 2.5 | 0.27+ | 1996 | 2.4 | 2.6649 | – | 2017 | 0.65 | 5 | 20.60 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 24495 Degroff | cls. | 3.5 | – | 2001 | 3.26 | 24.083 | – | 2017 | – | – | 2.7375 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 26074 Carlwirtz | cls. | 3.62 | – | 1977 | 3.62 | 2.4593 | – | 2013 | – | 6.1 | 16.1112 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 26471 Tracybecker | cls. | 6.05 | 0.36 | 2000 | 5.69 | 2.687 | – | 2009 | 2.05 | 18 | 39.288 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 4.15 | 0.32+ | 2000 | 3.96 | 6.5979 | – | 2007 | 1.27 | 53 | 360 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 3.62 | 0.28 | 2001 | 3.48 | 2.5644 | – | 2005 | 0.98 | 7 | 20.76 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 3.3 | 0.21+ | 2000 | 3.23 | 2.5572 | – | 2012 | 0.68 | 13 | 62.04 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 2.62 | 0.23+ | 1999 | 2.55 | 3.330 | – | 2013 | 0.59 | 4 | 14.1 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 3.3 | 0.19+ | 2001 | 3.2 | 2.7077 | – | 2016 | 0.6 | – | 16.2648 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 6.89 | 0.19 | 1997 | 6.77 | 2.83507 | – | 2010 | 1.29 | 11 | 14.6808 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 100015 Sutcliffe | cls. | 2.4 | 0.35 | 1989 | 2.3 | 2.4172 | – | 2018 | 0.8 | 4.5 | 20.65 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 2.62 | – | 2002 | 2.19 | 2.9649 | – | 2005 | – | – | 7.954 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | cls. | 2.97 | – | 2002 | – | 587 | – | 2010 | – | – | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
Script error: No such module "anchor". Main-belt asteroids
This is a list of main-belt asteroids with companions.[1] Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background.[26] For an overview, see summary and introduction.
The following binaries are double asteroids, with similarly sized components, and a barycenter outside of the larger object.
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- 90 Antiope – S/2000 (90) 1[41]
- 854 Frostia – undesignated
- 1313 Berna – undesignated
- 2478 Tokai – undesignated
- 3169 Ostro – undesignated
- 3749 Balam – S/2002 (3749) 1[42]
- 3905 Doppler – undesignated
- 4674 Pauling – S/2004 (4674) 1[43]
- 4951 Iwamoto – undesignated
- 5674 Wolff – undesignated
- 8474 Rettig – undesignated
- 17246 Christophedumas – S/2004 (17246) 1[44]
- Template:Mpl – undesignated
In addition, these bodies might be double asteroids, but due to errors in their size and orbit, it is uncertain.
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
- 809 Lundia – undesignated
- 1089 Tama – undesignated
- 1509 Esclangona – S/2003 (1509) 1[45]
- 4492 Debussy – undesignated
- 11264 Claudiomaccone – undesignated
- 22899 Alconrad – (22899) Alconrad I Juliekaibarreto[46]
Jupiter trojans
This is a list of Jupiter trojans with companions.[1] Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background.[26] For an overview, see summary and introduction.
| System | Primary | Secondary | Refs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Class | De (km) |
s/p-ratio | YOD | Dp (km) |
RTp (hours) |
Designation | YOD | Ds (km) |
as (km) |
Ps (hours) | |
| 617 Patroclus | L5 | 145 | 0.924 | 1906 | 106 | 102.79 | Menoetius (Patroclus I)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2001 | 98 | 680 | 102.792 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 624 Hektor | L4 | 250 | 0.048 | 1907 | 184 | 6.921 | Skamandrios (Hektor I)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2006 | 12 | 957.5 | 71.162 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 3548 Eurybates | L4 | 63.9 | 0.013 | 1973 | 63.9 | 8.711 | Queta (Eurybates I)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 2018 | 0.8 | 2310 | 1982.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 16974 Iphthime | L4 | 57.3 | 0.767 | 1998 | 45.5 | 78.9 | – | 2013 | 34.9 | 179 | 78.96 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 17365 Thymbraeus | L5 | 42.6 | 0.843 | 1978 | 32.6 | 12.672 | – | 2005 | 27.5 | 43 | 12.672 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 29314 Eurydamas | L5 | 40 | 0.737 | 1994 | 32 | 15.035 | – | 2005 | 24 | 41 | 15.036 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 15094 Polymele | L4 | 1999 | 21 | Shaun (temporary designation)[47] | 2022 | |||||||
Trans-Neptunian objects
This is a list of trans-Neptunian objects with companions.[1] Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background.[26] This list gives the companion's orbital period (Ps) in days rather than hours. For an overview, see summary and introduction.
| System | Primary | Secondary | Refs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designation | Class | De (km) |
s/p-ratio | YOD | Dp (km) |
RTp (hours) |
Designation | YOD | Ds (km) |
as (km) |
Ps (days) | |
| Template:Mpl | 1:2 | 280 | 0.302 | 1998 | 268 | 8.4 | – | 2001 | 81 | 11377 | 130.158 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 38628 Huya | PLU | 458 | 0.525 | 2000 | 406 | 5.28 | Moon of 38628 Huya | 2012 | 213 | 1740 | 3.2 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 42355 Typhon | SDO | 185 | 0.55 | 2002 | 162 | 9.67 | Echidna (Typhon I) | 2006 | 89 | 1580 | 18.982 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 47171 Lempo | PLU | 393 | 0.486 0.927 |
1999 | 272 | 45.763 | Paha (Lempo I) | 2001 | 132 | 7411 | 50.3 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Hiisi (Lempo II) | 2007 | 251 | 867 | 1.907 | ||||||||
| Template:Mpl | SDO | 194 | 0.457 | 1995 | 176 | – | – | 2002 | 80 | 420 | 1.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 50000 Quaoar | CUB | 1074 | 0.076 | 2002 | 1070 | 8.839 | Weywot (Quaoar I) | 2006 | 81 | 13800 | 12.26 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 55637 Uni | CUB | 697 | 0.316 | 2002 | 665 | 14.382 | Tinia (Uni I) | 2007 | 210 | 4770 | 8.309 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 58534 Logos | CUB | 106 | 0.766 | 1997 | 82 | – | Zoe (Logos I) | 2001 | 67 | 8217 | 309.87 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | SDO | 211 | 0.769 | 2000 | 167 | – | – | 2006 | 128 | 2200 | 15 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 2:5 | 183 | 0.759 | 2000 | 146 | – | – | 2007 | 111 | 1180 | 7.5 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 65489 Ceto | SDO | 281 | 0.764 | 2003 | 223 | 4.43 | Phorcys (Ceto I) | 2006 | 171 | 1840 | 9.554 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 66652 Borasisi | CUB | 163 | 0.817 | 1999 | 126 | 6.4 | Pabu (Borasisi I) | 2003 | 103 | 4528 | 46.2888 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 79360 Sila–Nunam | CUB | 343 | 0.944 | 1997 | 249 | 300.2388 | Nunam | 2002 | 236 | 2777 | 12.51 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 201 | 0.759 | 2000 | 160 | – | – | 2002 | 121 | 2700 | 23 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 3:8 | 229 | 0.347 | 2000 | 216 | – | – | 2002 | 75 | 1900 | 10 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 183 | 0.867 | 2001 | 138 | – | – | 2008 | 120 | 3130 | 33 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 88611 Teharonhiawako | CUB | 220 | 0.724 | 2001 | 178 | 9.505 | Sawiskera (Teharonhiawako I) | 2001 | 129 | 27670 | 828.76 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 90482 Orcus | PLU | 958 | 0.31 | 2004 | 917 | 13.18841 | Vanth (Orcus I) | 2005 | 442 | 9006 | 9.539 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 211 | 0.955 | 2001 | 153 | – | – | 2007 | 146 | 8900 | 130 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 1:2 | 461 | 0.316 | 2002 | 440 | – | – | 2006 | 139 | 4090 | 8.403 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 120347 Salacia | CUB | 901 | 0.344 | 2004 | 854 | 6.5 | Actaea (Salacia I) | 2006 | 286 | 5619 | 5.4938 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 146 | 0.951 | 2000 | 106 | – | – | 2005 | 101 | 2366 | 30.917 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 134340 Pluto | PLU | 2376 | 0.511 0.018 0.016 0.012 0.0025 |
1930 | 2380 | 153.2935 | Charon (Pluto I) | 1978 | 1212 | 19573 | 6.3872 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Nix (Pluto II) | 2005 | 38 | 48694 | 24.8546 | ||||||||
| Hydra (Pluto III) | 2005 | 39 | 64738 | 38.2018 | ||||||||
| Kerberos (Pluto IV) | 2011 | 13 | 57783 | 32.1676 | ||||||||
| Styx (Pluto V) | 2012 | 11 | 42656 | 20.1616 | ||||||||
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 175 | 0.783 | 2000 | 138 | – | – | 2003 | 108 | 2270 | 22.0584 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 136108 Haumea | HAU | 1425 | 0.232 0.116 |
2003 | 1379 | 3.9154 | Hiʻiaka (Haumea I) | 2005 | 320 | 49880 | 49.462 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Namaka (Haumea II) | 2005 | 170 | 25657 | 18.2783 | ||||||||
| 136199 Eris | SDO | 2326 | 0.301 | 2003 | 2326 | 378.6 | Dysnomia (Eris I) | 2005 | 700 | 37460 | 15.7859 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 136472 Makemake | CUB | 1440 | 0.122 | 2005 | 1430 | 7.771 | S/2015 (136472) 1 | 2015 | 130 | 21100+ | 12.4 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | PLU | 179 | 0.867 | 2001 | 135 | 13.7744 | – | 2003 | 117 | 172 | 0.5739 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 148780 Altjira | CUB | 331 | 0.899 | 2001 | 246 | – | – | 2006 | 221 | 9904 | 139.56 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 74 | 0.759 | 2000 | 153 | – | – | 2007 | 56 | 7695 | 347.085 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 242 | 0.832 | 2002 | 186 | – | – | 2007 | 155 | 24400 | 470 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 174567 Varda | CUB | 792 | 0.513 | 2003 | 705 | 5.91 | Ilmarë (Varda I) | 2009 | 361 | 4800 | 5.7508 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | SDO | 231 | 0.631 | 2002 | 195 | – | – | 2006 | 123 | 2060 | 12 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 208996 Achlys | PLU | 727 | 0.1 | 2003 | 723 | 13.44 | – | 2005 | 72 | 7200 | 12 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 225088 Gonggong | 3:10 | 1230 | 0.2 | 2007 | 1535 | 44.81 | Xiangliu (Gonggong I) | 2010 | 95 | 15000 | 6 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà | SDO | 599 | 0.175 | 2007 | 590 | 11.05 | Gǃòʼé ǃHú (Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà I) | 2008 | 71 | 3600 | 5.9 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 229 | 0.912 | 2001 | 169 | 11.68 | – | 2006 | 154 | 9960 | 138.11 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 265 | 0.603 | 2005 | 227 | – | – | 2007 | 137 | 3600 | 22 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 341520 Mors–Somnus | PLU | 141 | 0.955 | 2007 | 102 | 9.28 | Somnus | 2007 | 97 | 21040 | 971.7 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 145 | 0.637 | 2006 | 122 | – | – | 2006 | 78 | 33000 | 1500 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 385446 Manwë | 4:7 | 185 | 0.58 | 2003 | 160 | – | Thorondor (Manwë I) | 2006 | 92 | 6674 | 110.176 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 3:5 | 133 | 0.711 | 2001 | 108 | – | – | 2008 | 77 | 1200 | 12 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 1:2 | 221 | 0.735 | 2003 | 178 | 5.85 | – | 2010 | 131 | 2140 | 14 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 306 | 0.95 | 2003 | 222 | – | – | 2020 | 211 | 1960 | – | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 260 | 0.955 | 2003 | 188 | – | – | 2006 | 180 | 1900 | 9.1 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 242 | 0.81 | 2004 | 188 | – | – | 2019 | 153 | 3820 | 29 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| 469705 ǂKá̦gára | CUB | 174 | 0.762 | 2005 | 138 | 9.65 | ǃHãunu (ǂKá̦gára I) | 2009 | 105 | 7700 | 128.11 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 231 | 0.81 | 2013 | 180 | – | – | 2017 | 146 | 13300 | 200 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 212 | 0.79 | 2013 | 166 | – | – | 2019 | 131 | 5370 | 59 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 253 | 0.90 | 2016 | 188 | 6.85 | – | 2017 | 169 | 11300 | 140 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 175 | 0.871 | 2000 | 132 | – | – | 2003 | 115 | 6930 | 220.7 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 324 | 0.817 | 2002 | 251 | – | – | 2008 | 205 | 2490 | 9.8 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 201 | 0.35 | 2013 | 190 | – | – | 2017 | 66 | 21400 | 460 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | SDO | 350 | 0.83 | 2008 | 270 | – | – | 2012 | 220 | 1300 | 3.3 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | PLU | 227 | 0.76 | 2011 | 181 | – | – | 2018 | 138 | 349 | 0.87 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 146 | 0.605 | 1999 | 125 | – | – | 2008 | 76 | 1500 | 15 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 140 | 0.832 | 2001 | 108 | – | – | 2001 | 90 | 1560 | 17 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 221 | 0.826 | 2001 | 171 | – | – | 2006 | 140 | 9310 | 125.58 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 350 | 0.619 | 2002 | 298 | – | – | 2008 | 185 | 19900 | 190 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 171 | 0.513 | 2005 | 152.4 | – | – | 2005 | 78 | 69800 | 3579 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | SDO | 765 | 0.25 | 2013 | 740 | – | – | 2018 | 190 | 9800 | 15 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 146 | 0.871 | 1998 | 110 | – | – | 2007 | 96 | 1420 | 14 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 192 | 0.833 | 1998 | 148 | – | S/2000 (Template:Mp) 1[48] | 2000 | 123 | 22620 | 587.3 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 104 | 0.96 | 1999 | 75 | – | – | 2002 | 72 | 3267 | 84.12 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 121 | 0.689 | 1999 | 100 | – | – | 2006 | 69 | 3310 | 64 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 278 | 0.839 | 1999 | 213 | – | – | 2008 | 179 | 2670 | 14 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 81 | 0.78 | 2000 | 63.6 | – | – | 2002 | 50 | 33300 | 3989 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 1:2 | 206 | 0.967 | 2000 | 148 | – | – | 2006 | 143 | 5002 | 56.451 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 265 | 0.82 | 2000 | 205 | – | – | 2008 | 168 | 2600 | 14 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 167 | 0.617 | 2001 | 142 | – | – | 2006 | 88 | 1900 | 17 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 303 | 0.817 | 2001 | 235 | 7.78 | – | 2002 | 192 | 3813 | 19.23 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 231 | 0.912 | 2001 | 171 | – | – | 2007 | 156 | 3890 | 32 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 180 | 0.986 | 2001 | 128 | – | – | 2001 | 126 | 102100 | 6280 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 160 | 0.867 | 2002 | 121 | – | – | 2008 | 105 | 22400 | 760 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 221 | 1 | 2003 | 156 | – | – | 2010 | 156 | 13200 | 210 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 114 | 0.986 | 2003 | 81 | 3.4 | – | 2003 | 80 | 8549 | 309.7 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 280 | 0.912 | 2003 | 207 | – | – | 2007 | 189 | 1790 | 7.5 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 83 | 0.787 | 2003 | 65 | – | – | 2006 | 51 | 3840 | 137.68 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 149 | 0.667 | 2003 | 124 | – | – | 2003 | 83 | 54000 | 3180 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 220- | 0.724 | 2003 | 178 | – | – | 2007 | 129 | 1300 | 6.5 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 167 | 0.871 | 2003 | 126 | – | – | 2008 | 110 | 7830 | 150 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 167 | 0.55 | 2003 | 146 | – | – | 2008 | 80 | 2000 | 18 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 319 | 0.85 | 2004 | 243 | 8+ | – | 2019 | 206 | 2780 | 12 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 183 | 1.0 | 2004 | 129 | – | – | 2019 | 129 | 3600 | 41 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | PLU | 146 | 0.95 | 2004 | 105 | – | – | 2012 | 100 | 3400 | 53 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 221 | 0.67 | 2004 | 184 | – | – | 2019 | 123 | 4110 | 36 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 221 | 0.721 | 2004 | 179 | – | – | 2011 | 129 | 13000 | 210 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 175 | 0.89 | 2004 | 131 | 2.5+ | – | 2019 | 116 | 5840 | 89 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 277 | 0.544 | 2004 | 243 | – | – | 2006 | 132 | 10400 | 97.02 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 221 | 0.44 | 2004 | 203 | – | – | 2019 | 89 | 6800 | 73 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 242 | 0.72 | 2004 | 196 | – | – | 2019 | 141 | 23190 | 430 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 221 | 0.81 | 2004 | 172 | – | – | 2019 | 139 | 5940 | 64 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 160 | 0.832 | 2005 | 123 | – | – | 2009 | 102 | 7600 | 150 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 133 | 0.398 | 2005 | 124 | – | – | 2008 | 49 | 2300 | 30 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 114 | 0.794 | 2006 | 89.8 | – | – | 2006 | 71 | 25300 | 1501 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 129 | 0.817 | 2006 | 100 | – | – | 2004 | 82 | 27000 | 1420 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 211 | 0.76 | 2006 | 168 | – | – | 2019 | 127 | 4340 | 43 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | 1:3 | 201 | 0.977 | 2006 | 144 | – | – | 2007 | 141 | 3120 | 28 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 320 | 0.83 | 2014 | 250 | – | – | 2016 | 210 | 24000 | 290 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LoMP Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | ||||||||||||
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 180 | 0.9 | 2015 | 130 | – | – | 2017 | 120 | 52000 | 2300 | Template:JA-BIN JPL uTNO Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 134 | 0.76 | 2015 | 107 | – | – | 2019 | 81 | 6700 | 160 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 154 | 0.76 | 2015 | 123 | – | – | 2019 | 93 | 5080 | 86 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 222 | 0.95 | 2015 | 161 | – | – | 2019 | 153 | 14680 | 250 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 265 | 0.87 | 2015 | 200 | – | – | 2019 | 174 | 5290 | 41 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| Template:Mpl | CUB | 106 | 0.76 | 2015 | 84 | – | – | 2019 | 64 | 5960 | 190 | Template:JA-BIN JPL Template:LCDB |
| HST5 | – | 190 | 1 | 2005 | 135 | – | n.a. | 2005 | 135 | 16400 | 1000 | Template:JA-BIN — |
See also
- Lists of astronomical objects
- Template:Annotated link
- Template:Annotated link
- Satellite system (astronomy)
References
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- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (mentions both 90 Antiope and 762 Pulcova)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Satellite Discovery)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Eugenia AO image)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Chiang, E.; Lithwick, Y.; Buie, M.; Grundy, W.; Holman, M.; A Brief History of Trans-Neptunian Space, to appear in Protostars and Planets V (August 2006) Final preprint on arXiv
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Noll, Keith S. "Solar System binaries", Asteroids, Comets, Meteors, Proceedings of the 229th Symposium of the IAU, Rio de Janeiro, 2005, Cambridge University Press, 2006., pp. 301–318 Preprint
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- Template:Replace on YouTubeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Lecture at SETI talk (duration 1:00:02)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Orbits of Binary Asteroids with Adaptive Optics (Franck Marchis)
- Satellites and Companions of Minor Planets (CBAT)
- Asteroids with Satellites Johnston's Archive
- The VOBAD database a web page built and designed by F. Marchis and his collaborators (UC-Berkeley/SETI Institute) which contains the parameters of 169 multiple asteroid systems (last update May 9, 2009)
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