Miniature horse
A miniature horse is a type of horse characterised by its small size. Usually it has been bred to display in miniature the physical characteristics of a full-sized horse, but to be little over Script error: No such module "convert". in height, or even less. Although such horses have the appearance of small horses, they are genetically much more similar to pony breeds, such as the Shetland.[1]Template:R/superscript They have various colors and coat patterns.
Miniature horses are present in several countries, including Argentina, Australia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Namibia, the Philippines, the United Kingdom and the United States.[2]Template:R/superscript In some countries they have the status of a breed such as the Falabella of Argentina, the Dutch Miniature or Script error: No such module "Lang"., the South African Miniature Horse and the American Miniature Horse.
They are commonly kept as companion animals, or for activities such as driving or other competitive horse show events. A few have been trained as guide horses for blind people.
Characteristics
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Miniature horses are generally quite hardy. They often live for longer than is typical for full-sized horses of some breeds; the usual life span is from 25 to 35 years.[3]
Their predisposition to disease is markedly different from that of full-sized horses. They are only rarely affected by ailments such as laryngeal hemiplegia, osteochondrosis or navicular disease, all of which are common in larger horses,[4]Template:R/superscript but are much more likely to develop other illnesses rare in large horses, such as hyperlipaemia — which may lead to hepatic lipidosis — or eclampsia.[4]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript Dental misalignment and overcrowding are more common than in larger horses: brachygnathism ("parrot mouth") and prognathism ("sow mouth") are often seen;[4]Template:R/superscript retention of caps can occur, as can infection of the sinuses associated with tooth eruption.[4]Template:R/superscript Poor mastication can contribute to an increased incidence of colic caused by enteroliths, faecoliths, or sand.[5]Template:R/superscript
History
Miniature horses originated in Europe, where there is written and iconographic documentation of them from the late eighteenth century.[6]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript In the first half of the twentieth century small horses were bred in England by Lady Estella Mary Hope and her sister Lady Dorothea.[6]Template:R/superscript
The Falabella was developed in Argentina in the mid-1800s by Patrick Newtall. When Newtall died, the herd and breeding methods were passed to his son-in-law, Juan Falabella. Falabella added additional bloodlines including the Welsh Pony, Shetland pony, and small Thoroughbreds. With considerable inbreeding he was able to gain consistently small size within the herd.[8]Template:R/superscript
The South African Miniature Horse was bred in South Africa from about 1945, when Wynand de Wet of Lindley began selective breeding of Shetland stock. In 2011 there were about 700 of the horses in the country. Morphology is variable: some have an Arab appearance, while others have the conformation of a draft horse. A breed association was established in 1984, and in 1989 the South African Miniature was recognized by the national South African Stud Book and Livestock Improvement Association.[9]Template:R/superscript
Use
Miniature horses are commonly kept as companion animals. They are often too small for any but the smallest riders to ride, but are suitable for driving. Some may participate in other horse show events.[6]Template:R/superscript A small number have been trained as guide horses for blind people, particularly for those who consider dogs unclean, as is common in Muslim cultures.[6]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript[10]Template:R/superscript
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Driving
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Showing
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In-hand jumping
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See also
References
- ↑ Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ Browse by species and country. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed August 2022.
- ↑ Miniature Horse Facts. Guide Horse Foundation. Accessed April 28, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d Rebecca L. Frankeny (2008). Miniature Horses: A Veterinary Guide for Owners and Breeders. North Pomfret, Vermont: Trafalgar Square Publishing. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b [s.n.] (December 2012). The Miniature Horse: More Than Just a Smaller Horse!. CEH Horse Report. Davis, California: UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Archived December 6, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d Judith Dutson (2005). Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b American Miniature Horse. Lexington, Kentucky: International Museum of the Horse. Archived March 23, 2015.
- ↑ Bonnie Hendricks (2007). International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ History. Bloemfontein: The South African Stud Book and Livestock Improvement Association. Archived August 14, 2011.
- ↑ Seeing-eye horse guides blind Muslim woman. NBC News. Archived August 1, 2021.
Further reading
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- R.L. Blakely (March 1985). Miniature Horses. National Geographic 167 (3): 384–393. Template:Catalog lookup linkScript error: No such module "check isxn"..