Mindstream

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Contains special characters Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Mindstream (Pali: citta-santāna, Sanskrit: citta-saṃtāna; Ch: xin xiangxu 心相續) in Buddhist philosophy is the moment-to-moment continuum of sense impressions and mental phenomena (citta),Template:Sfn which is also described as continuing from one life to another. Often described as a "stream of mind" or "mental continuum," the mindstream is not a static entity but a dynamic flow of arising and passing mental phenomena, which refers as a string of passing moments that happen either in the same lifetime or in the transitional period between one life and another.Template:Sfn

Definition

Template:Transliteration (Sanskrit), literally "the stream of mind",Template:Sfn is the continuum, succession, or flow of succeeding moments of mind or awareness. Similarly, the mindstream is the ongoing flow of conscious experience, even though each individual moment of consciousness ceases as the next arises. It provides a continuity of mentation in the absence of a permanently abiding "self" (ātman), which Buddhism denies. The mindstream provides a continuity from one life to another, akin to the flame of a candle which may be passed from one candle to another:Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Efn William Waldron writes that "Indian Buddhists see the 'evolution' of mind i[n] terms of the continuity of individual mind-streams from one lifetime to the next, with karma as the basic causal mechanism whereby transformations are transmitted from one life to the next."Template:Sfn

According to Waldron, "[T]he mind stream (santāna) increases gradually by the mental afflictions (kleśa) and by actions (karma), and goes again to the next world. In this way the circle of existence is without beginning."Template:Sfn

The vāsanās "karmic imprints" provide the karmic continuity between lives and between moments.Template:Sfn According to Lusthaus, these vāsanās determine how one "actually sees and experiences the world in certain ways, and one actually becomes a certain type of person, embodying certain theories which immediately shape the manner in which we experience."Template:Sfn

Etymology

Sanskrit

Citta mean "that which is conscious".Template:Sfn Citta has two aspects: "...Its two aspects are attending to and collecting of impressions or traces (Sanskrit: vāsanā) cf. vijñāna."Template:Sfn Template:Transliteration or santāna (Sanskrit) means "eternal", "continuum", "a series of momentary events" or "life-stream".Template:Sfn

Tibetan

Citta is often rendered as sems in Tibetan and saṃtāna corresponds to rgyud. Template:Transliteration is therefore rendered sems rgyud. Rgyud is the term that Tibetan translators (Tibetan: lotsawa) employed to render the Sanskrit term "tantra".Template:Sfn

Thugs-rgyud is a synonym for sems rgyud.Template:Sfn

Chinese, Korean and Japanese

The Chinese equivalent of Sanskrit citta-saṃtāna and Tibetan sems-kyi rgyud ("mindstream") is xin xiangxu (Template:Zh). According to the Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, xīn xiāngxù means "continuance of the mental stream" (from Sanskrit citta-saṃtāna or citta-saṃtati), contrasted with wú xiàngxù 無相續 "no continuity of the mental stream" (from asaṃtāna or asaṃdhi) and shì xiāngxù 識相續 "stream of consciousness" (from vijñāna-saṃtāna).

This compound combines xin 心 "heart; mind; thought; conscience; core" and xiangxu "succeed each other", with xiang 相 "form, appearance, countenance, phenomenon" and xu 續 or 续 "continue; carry on; succeed". Thus it means "the continuum of mind and phenomena".

Xin xiangxu is pronounced sim sangsok in Korean and shin sōzoku in Japanese.

Origins and development

Buddhists in India regard the notion of citta-santāna developed in later Yogacara-thought, where citta-santāna replaced the notion of ālayavijñāna,Template:Sfn the store-house consciousness in which the karmic seeds were stored. This means that karma and kleshas (states of mental torment) both act to pass our transformation to the following life not a "permanent, unchanging, transmigrating entity", like the atman, but a series of momentary consciousnesses.Template:Sfn

Lusthaus describes the development and doctrinal relationships of the store consciousness (ālaya-vijñāna) and Buddha nature (tathāgatagarbha) in Yogācāra. To avoid reification of the ālaya-vijñāna,

Dharmakīrti (fl. 7th century) wrote a treatise on the nature of the mind stream in his Substantiation of Other mind streams (Saṃtãnãntarasiddhi).Template:Sfn According to Dharmakirti the mind stream was beginningless temporal sequence.Template:Sfn

The notion of mind stream was further developed in Vajrayāna (tantric Buddhism), where "mind stream" (sems-rgyud) may be understood as a stream of succeeding moments,Template:Sfn within a lifetime, but also in-between lifetimes. The 14th Dalai Lama holds it to be a continuum of consciousness, extending over succeeding lifetimes, though without a self or soul.Template:Sfn

See also

• Astral body
• Astral projection
• Divine illumination
• Divine spark
• Dream yoga
• Energy being
• Etheric body
• Illusory body
• Inner space
• Lucid dream
• Luminous mind
• Maya
• Mental body
• Mental world
• Metacognition
• Metempsychosis
• Mindfulness
• Mind-wandering
• Personal identity
• Rainbow body
• Reincarnation
• Saṃsāra
• Stream of consciousness
• Subtle body
• Svabhava
• Trikaya
• Yoga nidra

References

Works cited

• Template:Cite dictionary

Further reading

• Mindstream article at Internet Archive by Beauford. A. Stenberg Source: https://archive.org/details/mindstream-1 (accessed: Thursday September 21, 2023)

External links

• Rebirth: what happens to the body and mind at death?, a talk by Thubten Chodron
• Reincarnation, a talk by 14th Dalai Lama