Microhyla
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Microhyla, commonly known as the rice frogs or narrow-mouthed frogs, is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It consists of 42 species of diminutive frogs.[1] Members of this genus are widespread from Ryukyu Is. in Japan, and throughout South-east Asia, (China, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, India and Sri Lanka).[2]
Taxonomy
In 2021, nine species of Microhyla were moved to Nanohyla on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic differences.[1] Microhyla pulverata was found to be a junior synonym of Nanohyla marmorata based on phylogenetic evidence.[3]
Diagnosis
According to Seshadri et al. (2016),[4] this genus can be diagnosed using the following set of criteria: Adult frogs are of small size; pupil circular; skin on dorsum smooth; lateral side of body with markings from back of eye to vent; supratympanic fold present in adults; paratoid glands are absent, fingers without webbing, finger tips may or may not be dilated; oval tongue, its margin is entire and free at the base; the diameter of eye is smaller than snout; a thin layer of skin hides the tympanum; tubercles on hand distinct; distinct oval shaped inner metatarsal tubercle and rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; webbing in feet, rudimentary.
Evolutionary relationships
The genus Microhyla is closely related to Glyphoglossus within the family Microhylidae.[2][5] Members of the genus Microhyla began diversifying from the most common ancestor around 45 million years ago and this resulted in forming Metaphrynella and Microhyla.[5] However, ascertaining the phylogenetic relationship of frogs within Microhyla has been difficult as many species are not monophyletic.[6]
A 2021 study on the relationship between Microhyla and Glyphoglossus found that nine species within Microhyla actually belong to a separate lineage. They have been subsequently moved to the new genus, Nanohyla.[1]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Microhyla:[2][4][7]
| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Javan rice frog, Javan chorus frog, Javanese narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla aurantiventris Nguyen, Poyarkov, Nguyen, Nguyen, Tran, Gorin, Murphy, and Nguyen, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Orange-bellied narrow-mouth frog |
| Microhyla beilunensis Zhang, Fei, Ye, Wang, Wang, and Jiang, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Beilun pygmy frog |
| Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, 1856)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pegu rice frog, Berdmore's narrow-mouthed frog, Burmese microhylid frog, Berdmore's chorus frog |
| Microhyla borneensis Parker, 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Borneo rice frog, Borneo narrow-mouthed frog, Bornean narrow-mouthed frog, Bornean chorus frog, long-snouted frog |
| Microhyla butleri Boulenger, 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Butler's rice frog, Butler's ricefrog, Butler's narrow-mouthed Toad, Butler's pigmy frog, painted chorus frog, tubercled pygmy frog, noisy frog |
| Microhyla chakrapanii Pillai, 1977Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Mayabunder rice frog, Chakrapani's narrow-mouthed frog, bilateral banded frog |
| Microhyla darevskii [8]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Darevsky's Narrow-Mouth Frog, Darevsky's Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog (original publication). |
| Microhyla darreli Garg et al., 2018 "2019"Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Darrel's chorus frog |
| Microhyla eos Biju, Garg, Kamei, and Maheswaran, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Arunachal chorus frog |
| Microhyla fanjingshanensis Li, Zhang, Xu, Lv, and Jiang, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Fanjing Mountain pygmy frog |
| Microhyla fissipes Boulenger, 1884Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Ornamented pygmy frog, ornata microhylid frog, Malayan bullfrog, ornate narrow-mouthed frog, ornate narrowmouth frog, ornate pigmy frog, ornate chorus frog |
| Microhyla fodiens Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant, and Che, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Burrowing narrow-mouth frog |
| Microhyla fusca Andersson, 1942Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Brown rice frog, Dalat pigmy frog |
| Microhyla gadjahmadai Atmaja, Hamidy, Arisuryanti, Matsui, and Smith, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla heymonsi Vogt, 1911Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Taiwan rice frog, Heymon's ricefrog, dark-sided chorus frog, arcuate-spotted pygmy frog, Heymon's narrow-mouthed frog, Heymon's narrow-mouthed toad, burrowing microhylid frog, black-sided narrow-mouthed frog, black-flanked pigmy frog |
| Microhyla irrawaddy Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant, and Che, 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Irrawaddy narrowmouth frog |
| Microhyla karunaratnei Fernando & Siriwardhane, 1996Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla kodial Kumar and Aravind, 2018Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9] | Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla kuramotoi Matsui & Tominaga, 2020Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla laterite Seshadri et al., 2016Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[4] | Laterite narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla maculifera Inger, 1989Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Sabah rice frog |
| Microhyla malang Matsui, 2011Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla mantheyi Das, Yaakob, and Sukumaran, 2007Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla mihintalei Wijayathilaka et al., 2016Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[10] | Sri Lanka red narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla minuta [8]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Tiny Narrow-Mouth Frog, Tiny Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog |
| Microhyla mixtura Liu & Hu in Hu, Zhao, & Liu, 1966Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Chinese rice frog, mixtured pigmy frog |
| Microhyla mukhlesuri Hasan et al. 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla mymensinghensis Hasan et al. 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla nilphamariensis Howlader et al. 2015Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla okinavensis Stejneger, 1901Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Okinawa rice frog |
| Microhyla orientalis Matsui, Hamidy & Eto, 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11] | |
| Microhyla ornata (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Ant frog, ornate narrow-mouthed frog, ornate narrowmouth frog, ornate rice frog, ornate ricefrog, black-throated frog |
| Microhyla palmipes Boulenger, 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pengalengan rice frog, palmated chorus frog, palmated narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla picta Schenkel, 1901Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Painted rice frog |
| Microhyla pineticola [8]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Pine Narrow-Mouth Frog, Pine Pigmy Narrow-Mouth Frog |
| Microhyla pulchra (Hallowell, 1861)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Guangdong rice frog, marbled pigmy frog, yellow-legged pigmy frog, beautiful pygmy frog, painted frog, yellow-legged narrow-mouthed frog |
| Microhyla rubra (Jerdon, 1854)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Guangdong rice frog, red narrow-mouthed frog, densely spotted microhylid frog |
| Microhyla sholigari Dutta & Ray, 2000Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla superciliaris Parker, 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Batu Cave rice frog |
| Microhyla taraiensis Khatiwada, 2017Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Microhyla zeylanica Parker & Osman-Hill, 1949Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Sri Lanka rice frog |
In central Vietnam, several new species of Microhyla have been described in the 2000s:
- Microhyla darevskii: Mount Ngọc Linh, Kon Tum Province
- Microhyla minuta: Đồng Nai Province
- Microhyla pineticola: Lâm Đồng Province and Đắk Lắk Province
Several new species of Microhyla have been described since 2018.
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny of the genus Microhyla is from Khatiwada, et al. (2017).[12] 27 species are listed, including various newly described species from South Asia. (Note: the chart below includes some species that have since been moved to Nanohyla including N. annectens and N. perparva.) Template:Clade
References
External links
Template:Sister project Template:Sister project
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Frost, Darrel R. 2016. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (Date of access). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
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