Meuse-Rhine-Issel
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The Meuse-Rhine-Issel or Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (Template:Langx) is a Dutch breed of dual-purpose cattle, reared both for meat and for milk.[1]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript It falls within the Lowland-Pied group of North European cattle; it is red-pied, and of medium-large size.[3]Template:R/superscript
History
The Meuse-Rhine-Issel developed principally in two areas of Holland: the eastern part of the province of Noord-Brabant in the southern part of the country, where the rivers Meuse and Rhine flow; and the area of the river IJssel in the east, mainly in Salland and Twente in the province of Overijssel, but extending southwards into the Achterhoek of Gelderland and northwards into the province of Drenthe.[1]Template:R/superscript It is named for the three rivers.
It was registered in the herd-book of the Template:Ill from 1874; it was recognised as a breed in 1905, and a separate herd-book was started.[1]Template:R/superscript
Numbers are in steep decline: in the 1970s there were more than half a million of the cattle, representing approximately a quarter of the total number of dairy cattle in the Netherlands; numbers fell to Script error: No such module "val". in 1999 and to Script error: No such module "val". in 2004.[4]Template:R/superscript[5]Template:R/superscript In 2021 the total population reported to DAD-IS was 9938.[6]Template:R/superscript Over Script error: No such module "val". doses of semen are kept in cryo-conservation; they represent almost 250 bulls, of which about one-fifth are from before 1980.[2]Template:R/superscript
In the twentieth century the Meuse-Rhine-Issel was one of the five breeds approved for cross-breeding with the British Dairy Shorthorn, leading to the development of the Blended Red-and-White Shorthorn and the virtual disappearance of the traditional Shorthorn breed.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript The Dutch Improved Red Pied (Dutch: Verbeterd Roodbont Vleesras) is a modern meat breed derived from dual-purpose Meuse-Rhine-Issel stock.[8]Template:R/superscript The Brandrood IJsellvee is a modern breed which preserves the old colouring of the Meuse-Rhine-Issel, dark red with little white.[8]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
The Meuse-Rhine-Issel falls within the Lowland-Pied group of North European cattle; it is red-pied, and of medium-large size.[3]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ a b c Yvette de Haas, Rita Hoving-Bolink, Myrthe Maurice-van Eijndhoven, Debbie Bohte-Wilhelmus, Henk Sulkers, Sipke-Joost Hiemstra (2009). MRIJ breed assessment. Wageningen: Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands = Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland. Accessed May 2022.
- ↑ a b Henri Woelders, Ina Hulsegge, Henk Sulkers, Rita Hoving, Sipke-Joost Hiemstra (2009). Cryoconservation of cattle breeds in The Netherlands. Wageningen: Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands = Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland. Accessed May 2022.
- ↑ a b D.S. Buchanan and J.A. Lenstra (2015). Breeds of Cattle. In: Dorian J. Garrick, Anatoly Ruvinsky (editors) (2015). The Genetics of Cattle, second edition. Wallingford: CABI. Template:ISBN, pages 33–66.
- ↑ Sipke Joost Hiemstra, Yvette de Haas, Asko Mäki-Tanila, Gustavo Gandini (editors) (2010). Local cattle breeds in Europe: Development of policies and strategies for self-sustaining breeds. Wageningen Academic. Template:Isbn. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".. Accessed May 2022.
- ↑ Meuse-Rhine-Yssel cattle (MRY). EuReCa. Accessed May 2022.
- ↑ Breed data sheet: Maas-Rijn-IJssel / Netherlands (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed May 2022.
- ↑ Marleen Felius (1995). Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ a b c Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:ISBN.
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