Menteri Besar of Perak

The Menteri Besar of Perak or First Minister of Perak is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Perak. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Perak State Legislative Assembly.

The current holder of Menteri Besar of Perak post is Saarani Mohammad, who has served since 10 December 2020.

Appointment

According to the state constitution, the Sultan of Perak shall first appoint the Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council and requires such Menteri Besar to be a member of the Legislative Assembly who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly, must be an ethnic Malay who professes the religion of Islam and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalisation or by registration. The Sultan on the Menteri Besar's advice shall appoint not more than ten nor less than four members from among the members of the Legislative Assembly.

The member of the Executive Council must take and subscribe in the presence of the Sultan the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy before they can exercise the functions of office. The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. The members of the Executive Council shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest.

If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly, or the Legislative Assembly passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Menteri Besar is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Sultan's choice of replacement Menteri Besar will be dictated by the circumstances. A member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office during the pleasure of the Sultan, unless the appointment of any member of the Executive Council shall have been revoked by the Sultan on the advice of the Menteri Besar but may at any time resign his office.

Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeated in an election or the death of the Menteri Besar, the Sultan will generally appoint as Menteri Besar the person voted by the governing party as their new leader.

Powers

The power of the Menteri Besar is subject to a number of limitations. Menteri Besar removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the Legislative Assembly, must advise a state election or resign the office or be dismissed by the Sultan. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Legislative Assembly, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply.

The Menteri Besar's party will normally have a majority in the Legislative Assembly and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Perak politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the Legislative Assembly is mostly a formality.

Caretaker Menteri Besar

The legislative assembly unless sooner dissolved by the Sultan with His Majesty's own discretion on the advice of the Menteri Besar shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. The state constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and the legislative assembly shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one legislative assembly and the convening of the next, the Menteri Besar and the executive council remain in office in a caretaker capacity.

List of Menteris Besar of Perak

The following is the list of Menteris Besar of Perak since 1948:

Colour key (for political parties):

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No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death) Constituency	Term of office			PartyTemplate:Efn		Election	Assembly
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Abdul Wahab Toh Muda Abdul Aziz (1905–1959)	1 February 1948	1 August 1957	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	UMNO	–	–
						style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Independent
							NAP
2	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Mohamed Ghazali Jawi (1924–1982) MLC for Larut-South Matang	1 August 1957	16 April 1959	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Alliance (UMNO)	–	–
3	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Shaari Shafie (1912–1966) MLA for Senggang	16 April 1959	8 May 1964	Template:Ayd	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Alliance (UMNO)	–	–
						1959		1st
4	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Ahmad Said (1919–1974) MLA for Lenggong	9 May 1964	17 March 1969	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Alliance (UMNO)	1964	2nd
5	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Kamaruddin Mohd. Isa (1929–1990) MLA for Larut	18 March 1969	4 September 1974	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	Alliance (UMNO)	1969	3rd
6	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Mohamed Ghazali Jawi (1924–1982) MLA for Kenering	4 September 1974	2 October 1977	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BN (UMNO)	1974	4th
7	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Dato' Seri Wan Mohamed Wan Teh (1929–1993) MLA for Temengor (until 1978) MLA for Kenering (from 1978)	3 October 1977	1 March 1983	Template:Ayd	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BN (UMNO)	–
						1978		5th
						1982		6th
8	File:Tansri5.jpg	Tan Sri Dato' Seri Ramli Ngah Talib (born 1941) MLA for Kampong Gajah	1 March 1983	3 December 1999	Template:Ayd	rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BN (UMNO)		–
						1986		7th
						1990		8th
						1995		9th
9	File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg	Tan Sri Dato' Seri DiRaja Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali (born 1946) MLA for Kenering (until 2004) MLA for Pengkalan Hulu (from 2004)	3 December 1999	17 March 2008	Template:Ayd	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BN (UMNO)	1999	10th
						2004		11th
10	File:Datuk Seri Ir Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin.jpg	Dato' Seri Ir. Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin (born 1957) MLA for Pasir Panjang	17 March 2008	6 February 2009	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PR (PAS)	2008	12th
11	File:Zambry Abdul Kadir - 2023 (cropped).jpg	Dato' Seri DiRaja Zambry Abdul Kadir (born 1962) MLA for Pangkor	12 May 2009	12 May 2018	Template:Ayd	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BN (UMNO)	–
						2013		13th
12	File:Dato' Seri Ahmad Faizal Dato' Haji Azumu.jpg	Dato' Seri Ahmad Faizal Azumu (born 1970) MLA for Chenderiang	12 May 2018	10 March 2020	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PH (BERSATU)	2018	14th
			13 March 2020	5 December 2020	Template:Ayd	style="background:Template:Party color;" |	PN (BERSATU)	–
13	File:Saarani Mohamad.2020.jpg	Dato' Seri Saarani Mohamad (born 1962) MLA for Kota Tampan	10 December 2020	Incumbent	Template:Ayd	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" |	BN (UMNO)	–
						2022		15th

Living former Menteris Besar

Name	Term of office	Date of birth
Ramli Ngah Talib	1983–1999	16 March 1941 (age )
Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali	1999–2008	6 November 1946 (age )
Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin	2008-2009	17 March 1957 (age )
Zambry Abdul Kadir	2009–2018	22 March 1962 (age )
Ahmad Faizal Azumu	2018–2020	10 June 1970 (age )

See also

• 2009 Perak constitutional crisis
• Dato' Seri Ir Hj. Mohammad Nizar Bin Jamaluddin v. Dato' Dr. Zambry Bin Abd. Kadir

External links

• Portal YAB Menteri Besar Perak (Official site) Template:In lang