Mečislovas Reinys

Mečislovas Reinys (5 February 1884 – 8 November 1953) was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic titular archbishop and professor at Vytautas Magnus University. He was the Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs from September 1925 to April 1926. He was imprisoned by the Soviets in Vladimir Central Prison where he died in 1953. His beatification case was opened in 1998 and he was recognized as a martyr in 2000.

Born into a family of peasants, Reinys received his master's from the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy and doctorate from the Catholic University of Leuven. He returned to Lithuania in 1914 and became an active participant in the Lithuanian cultural and political life in Vilnius. He taught at Vilnius Priest Seminary, chaired the Lithuanian Education Society Rytas, and drafted political program of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party. In the interwar period, he was active in many other organizations and societies, including the Catholic youth organizations Ateitis and Pavasaris as well as the Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science.

In 1922, he moved to Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania, and became a professor of psychology at Vytautas Magnus University. In September 1925, Reinys became the Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Leonas Bistras. During his short tenure, Reinys began negotiations regarding the Soviet–Lithuanian Non-Aggression Pact (signed in September 1926) and normalized Lithuania's relations with the Holy See that soured after the Concordat of 1925 with Poland. On 4 April 1926, Pope Pius XI issued a bull which established the ecclesiastical province in Lithuania, including the Diocese of Vilkaviškis of which Reinys was named coadjutor bishop. The bull was harshly criticized by the opposition forcing Reinys to resign. After a conflict with bishop Antanas Karosas, Reinys became more involved in diocesan affairs and started teaching at the Template:Ill in 1934.

In July 1940, Reinys was appointed titular archbishop of Cypsela and auxiliary archbishop of Vilnius. This brought him to conflict with archbishop Romuald Jałbrzykowski who supported Polonization efforts. After Jałbrzykowski's arrest by the German Gestapo, Reinys became the administrator of the archdiocese and began undoing some of the Polonization efforts (e.g. replacing arrested Polish priest with Lithuanian or Belarusian priests). This brought him into conflict with Polish activists. After the Soviet re-occupation, Soviet security agencies attempted to persuade Reinys to cooperate. When he refused, he was sentenced to 8 years in prison. He died in Vladimir Central Prison in November 1953.

Biography

Early life and education

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House where Reinys was born

Mečislovas Reinys was born on 5 February 1884 on a farm in Template:Ill near Daugailiai and Antalieptė, then part of the Russian Empire. He was the youngest of 11 children.Template:Sfn His parents owned about Template:Convert of land.Template:Sfn His father died when Reinys was seven from a kick by a horse.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Reinys received some education at home and at a primary school in Antalieptė.Template:Sfn He was then taken in by his relative, a Catholic priest who worked in Muravanaja Ašmianka. Reinys attended a school there for three years.Template:Sfn He then moved to live with relatives in Riga and attend the Template:Ill.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Reinys was an excellent student and graduated with a gold medal in 1900.Template:Sfn For some time, he worked as a tutor to earn some money.Template:Sfn

From 1901 to 1905, he studied at the Vilnius Priest Seminary. He then received a government stipend for studies at the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy.Template:Sfn His professors included Kazimieras Jaunius, Vincent Hadleŭski, Zygmunt Łoziński, Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius, Template:Ill, Pranciškus Būčys, Jonas Mačiulis-Maironis, Jan Cieplak.Template:Sfn He was ordained a priest on 10 June 1907 in Saint Petersburg and held his first mass in his native parish church in Daugailiai. He graduated in 1909 with a master's degree in theology.Template:Sfn

Doctoral studies

He continued his studies at the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium).Template:Sfn His professors included Maurice De Wulf, Albert Michotte, Template:Ill, Template:Ill.Template:Sfn At the university, he was a member of a Lithuanian student society which read and wrote articles to various Lithuanian periodicals.Template:Sfn He spent three vacations in Horsens (Denmark) doing pastoral work among Polish and Lithuanian workers.Template:Sfn He defended his doctoral thesis about morality in the works of Vladimir Solovyov in 1912.Template:Sfn It was one of the first works to discuss Solovyov's works in western Europe.Template:Sfn

Reinys was interested not only in theology, but also in psychology, natural law, natural sciences, geology.Template:Sfn After his doctorate, he continued to study natural sciences (including prof. Template:Ill) in Leuven and philosophy (including prof. Georg Simmel) at the University of Strasbourg (France).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

During his studies, Reinys traveled across Europe and learned multiple languages: Latin, Italian, French, English, Danish, German in addition to the local languages of Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish. He later also learned Spanish.Template:Sfn

World War I in Vilnius

Reinys returned to Lithuania just before the outbreak of World War I and became a vicar at the Church of St. Johns, Vilnius.Template:Sfn He started working as a chaplain at the newly establish Lithuanian Vytautas Magnus Gymnasium and Teachers' Seminary maintained by the Lithuanian Education Society Rytas.Template:Sfn He later became a teacher of religion, psychology, logic, natural sciences, and political economy.Template:Sfn He became a professor at Vilnius Priest Seminary in 1916 and continued to teach until 1922.Template:Sfn He taught sociology and philosophy.Template:Sfn

During the German occupation, Reinys participated in the Lithuanian political life. He was associated with a small Lithuanian political club which debated Lithuania's post-war future. For this involvement, Reinys was interrogated by the German police in January 1917.Template:Sfn Reinys participated in the Vilnius Conference in September 1917 and was elected to the central committee of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party which was established after the conference.Template:Sfn He was one of the authors of the original party's program.Template:Sfn He was reelected to the party's leadership in 1918 and 1925.Template:Sfn

From November 1915 to December 1916, and again from August 1918 to June 1922, Reinys was chairman of the Lithuanian Education Society Rytas which maintained Lithuanian primary schools in Vilnius Region.Template:Sfn He also worked with Ateitis and Pavasaris Catholic youth organizations. For two years, he was vice-chairman of the Lithuanian Scientific Society.Template:Sfn In 1920, he was also elected to the board of the Template:Ill.Template:Sfn

The Red Army captured Vilnius in early January 1919 at the start of the Lithuanian–Soviet War. Authorities of the proclaimed Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic arrested Reinys on 22 February 1919.Template:Sfn He was held in Lukiškės Prison for giving a speech on 16 February, the first anniversary of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.Template:Sfn As Soviets were about to be pushed out of Vilnius by the Polish forces in April 1919, they took several prominent Lithuanians as hostages, including Reinys, Felicija Bortkevičienė, Juozas Vailokaitis, and Liudas Gira,Template:Sfn and transported them to prisons in Daugavpils and Smolensk.Template:Sfn On 24 July 1919, Vaclovas Sidzikauskas arranged a prisoner exchange in Daugailiai: 15 prominent Lithuanians, including Reinys, for 35 communists.Template:Sfn

Interwar in Kaunas

University professor

In 1922, Reinys moved from Vilnius (which was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic) to Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania. Reinys was invited to teach at the University of Lithuania and head its department of psychology.Template:Sfn At different times he taught general, comparative, and educational psychology, special topics in psychology, and led psychology practical.Template:Sfn His lecture notes were published by students in 1931.Template:Sfn

In 1931, the ruling Lithuanian Nationalist Union reduced the Faculty of Theology, eliminated the department of psychology, and laid off 18 professors. Reinys was also temporarily dismissed.Template:Sfn This prompted Lithuanian clergy to revive ideas about a separate Catholic university.Template:Sfn Reinys was in charge of this proposed university and was slated to become its rector. The Holy See approved the university in June 1932 and it was supposed to open in August 1932, but the Lithuanian Nationalist Union postponed it indefinitely.Template:Sfn Since the Catholic university was not abolished, but only postponed, Reinys continued to seek official recognition of the university. He represented the university at various gatherings and societies up until 1940.Template:Sfn He also prepared annual reports and organized lectures in the name of the university.Template:Sfn

After the dismissal in 1931, Reinys quickly returned to the University of Lithuania, but only as a privatdozent, i.e. without a full-time salary. To compensate Reinys and other affected lecturers, remaining professors agreed to donate part of their salary.Template:Sfn Reinys continued to teach at the university until 1940.Template:Sfn

Minister of Foreign Affairs

As a member of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party, Reinys was selected by Prime Minister Leonas Bistras as the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He served in this capacity from 25 September 1925 to 20 April 1926.Template:Sfn Foreign diplomats and Lithuanian opposition did not consider him a strong or independent minister and believed he was assigned to the post only temporarily.Template:Sfn

His predecessor, Template:Ill, was forced to resign when he attempted to normalize the relations with Poland. Therefore, after the Locarno Treaties, the new government searched for alternatives – normalize Lithuania's relations with the Holy See, sign a treaty with the Soviet Union, and search for allies in Germany, Latvia, or Estonia.Template:Sfn

Lithuania's relations with the Holy See soured after the Concordat of 1925 with Poland which established an ecclesiastical province in Vilnius, thereby acknowledging Poland's claims to the city. Due to rising tensions, official diplomatic relations were severed.Template:Sfn With the help of Archbishop Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius, Reinys reestablished diplomatic contacts with the Holy See and agreed to a three-step plan to normalize the relations.Template:Sfn The first step was establishing an ecclesiastical province in Lithuania. On 4 April 1926, Pope Pius XI issued a bull which established the Archdiocese of Kaunas in place of the Diocese of Samogitia as well as new Dioceses of Kaišiadorys, Telšiai, Vilkaviškis, and Panevėžys.Template:Sfn The Lithuanian opposition attacked the bull, accused the government of "surrendering" its claims to Vilnius, and claimed that Reinys served his ecclesiastical superiors in Vatican first and Lithuania second. This led to Reinys' resignation on 20 April 1926.Template:Sfn He also resigned from the Christian Democratic Party.Template:Sfn

In relations with Poland, Reinys had to respond to an incident when Polish border guards violated the border, captured about Template:Convert of forest near Kernavė, and took eight Lithuanian policemen as prisoners on 17–22 February 1926.Template:Sfn The Lithuanian government prepared a protest note which Reinys personally delivered to Ishii Kikujirō, president of the Council of the League of Nations, on 12 March 1926. The protest was ignored which only bolstered Lithuanian government's decision to seek closer relations with the Soviet Union.Template:Sfn

Reinys personally disapproved the government's decision to seek closer relations with the Soviet Union, but pursued its decision.Template:Sfn The negotiations began in December 1925 when People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs Georgy Chicherin stopped in Kaunas on his way to Moscow.Template:Sfn Reinys prepared the first draft of the Soviet–Lithuanian Non-Aggression Pact which was signed in September 1926, almost five months after Reinys' resignation.Template:Sfn

Coadjutor bishop of Vilkaviškis

In July 1923, Reinys was named a prelate.Template:Sfn On 5 April 1926, one day after the papal bull which established the ecclesiastical province in Lithuania, Reinys was appointed as titular bishop of Tiddi and coadjutor bishop of the newly established Diocese of VilkaviškisTemplate:Sfn which was established mainly from the territory of the Diocese of Sejny.Template:Sfn Reinys was consecrated in Kaunas Cathedral by Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius, assisted by Juozapas Kukta and Justinas Staugaitis, on 16 May 1926.Template:Sfn

The new bishop Antanas Karosas was already 70-years old. Therefore, he was more passive and tolerant of bad behaviors.Template:Sfn Karosas and Reinys did not have a good working relationship as Karosas tried to keep Reinys out of diocese affairs.Template:Sfn This prompted a complaint by the younger priests to the Holy See in 1934.Template:Sfn Karosas was ordered to allow Reinys a more active role in the curia and allow him to supervise the Template:Ill.Template:Sfn Reinys taught psychology at the seminary in 1934–1940.Template:Sfn He also conducted canonical visitations of various parishes,Template:Sfn led three-day Spiritual Exercises,Template:Sfn inspected religious education in schools,Template:Sfn etc.

Activist

Reinys was also active in a number of Lithuanian societies. Reinys was elected to the first board of the Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science.Template:Sfn He was its scientific secretary in 1922–1926, participated in its conferences, and was elected a true member in 1939.Template:Sfn Reinys was elected first treasurer of the Union for the Liberation of Vilnius in April 1925.Template:Sfn He was also elected to the board of Ateitis, Catholic youth organization, in 1927 and 1930. He was an honorary member and patron-protector of Pavasaris, another Catholic youth organization.Template:Sfn In 1927, Reinys prepared new statute for the Catholic Action Center based on the book by Civardi Luigi on the Catholic Action.Template:Sfn

In June–September 1937, Reinys toured Lithuanian American and Lithuanian Canadian communities.Template:Sfn Commemorating the 550th anniversary of the Christianization of Lithuania, he visited 52 parishes, delivered 67 sermons and 46 speeches, participated in congresses and other events of Lithuanian organizations.Template:Sfn

Auxiliary archbishop of Vilnius

Start of World War II

Vilnius Region was captured by the Soviet Union after the Invasion of Poland in 1939. Part of the region was transferred to Lithuania according to the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty. The Archdiocese of Vilnius remained part of the Polish ecclesiastical province.Template:Sfn Archbishop Romuald Jałbrzykowski supported Polonization efforts and restricted activities of Lithuanian or Belarusian priests.Template:Sfn When auxiliary archbishop Template:Ill died in February 1940, Lithuanians requested that Pope Pius XI appoint a Lithuanian auxiliary archbishop.Template:Sfn On 18 July 1940, Reinys was appointed titular archbishop of Cypsela and auxiliary archbishop of Vilnius.Template:Sfn Reinys was also granted the rights of an apostolic administrator in the event of a vacancy on the episcopal see in Vilnius, with the authority of a residential bishop.Template:Sfn Archbishop Jałbrzykowski met him with hostility, did not give him any duties in the curia, and complained about him to the Vatican.Template:Sfn

German occupation

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Vilnius Region became part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland. The territory of the archdiocese was divided into three German administrative units. 80 parishes were located in the Generalbezirk Litauen, 185 in the Generalbezirk Weißruthenien, both of which were part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland.Template:Sfn Additionally, 96 parishes were located in the Bezirk Białysok, which was attached to East Prussia.Template:Sfn

Since many Polish clergymen joined the anti-Nazi resistance, German Gestapo organized repressions.Template:Sfn For example, on 3 March 1942, they raided Vilnius Priest Seminary and arrested 14 professors and about 70 clerics.Template:Sfn Lithuanians were later released, while Poles were taken for forced labor.Template:Sfn On 26 March, the police arrested and imprisoned 189 Polish nuns and 64 monks from Vilnius in Lukiškės.Template:Sfn On 22 March, Germans arrested archbishop Jałbrzykowski and archdiocese's chancellor Template:Ill and interned them in Marijampolė.Template:Sfn This left Reinys as the administrator of the archdiocese, which was officially confirmed by the Vatican on 22 June 1942.Template:Sfn At the same time, Reinys inherited Jałbrzykowski's role as the apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Mohilev and the Diocese of Minsk.Template:Sfn However, German did not allow Reinys to function in these dioceses and limited his authority to the borders of the Generalbezirk Litauen.Template:Sfn

Reinys negotiated with the German authorities to lessen repressions against the clergy. For example, he managed to secure release of 222 nuns and negotiated that arrested priest and monks would be transferred to work camps within Lithuania instead of the Nazi concentration camps.Template:Sfn Nothing is known about any assistance provided by Reinys to the imprisoned priests of the archdiocese.Template:Sfn The documents only mention that in 1943, he unsuccessfully attempted to secure the release of two priests, Józef Grasewicz and Władysław Małachowski, who were connected with the cult of the Divine Mercy.Template:Sfn

During an air raid by the Soviet forces on the night of 23 March 1942, a bomb fell onto the clergy house of the Church of Saint Nicholas, Vilnius.Template:Sfn It killed priest Template:Ill, severely injured Reinys and priest Vincentas Taškūnas. Reinys spent a month in hospital with a broken clavicle.Template:Sfn

On 17 June 1942, Reinys called for the organization of two days of solemn services in gratitude for the fact that "German and allied forces had removed Bolshevik atheism from our region," as well as masses for the victims of the war. This was intended to commemorate the "Day of Liberation" established by the Germans on 22 June, marking the anniversary of the German invasion a year earlier.Template:Sfn

Reinys continued pastoral work. He delivered sermons, held spiritual exercises, visited hospitals, etc.Template:Sfn Unlike Jałbrzykowski, Reinys supported the cult of the Divine Mercy image: he approved a Lithuanian chaplet for the Divine Mercy in May 1942 and allowed to celebrate the Second Sunday of Easter as the Divine Mercy Sunday at the Church of St. Johns, Vilnius in 1946.Template:Sfn

Tension between Poles and Lithuanians

Reinys managed to reopen Vilnius Priest Seminary (it was closed twice by the Germans, in March 1942 and March 1943).Template:Sfn The seminary was reopened as a Lithuanian institution, also admitting Belarusians. However, few Poles attended lectures, often declaring themselves as Belarusians or Lithuanians.Template:Sfn Jan Uszyłło, the former rector who had been freed from the Šaltupis camp in March, was the only Pole included in the faculty.Template:Sfn

Reinys replaced the arrested Polish priests with Lithuanians and Belarusians in Lithuanian- or Belarusian-speaking parishes.Template:Sfn This drew ire from the Polish activists who started spreading rumors that repressions against the Polish clergy were orchestrated by Reinys and the Lithuanian Security Police so that Vilnius Region could be "Lithuanized". Polish–Lithuanian relations during World War II grew increasingly tense.Template:Sfn

Reinys removed Polish patrons from the ordinary for the year 1943, leaving only St. Casimir and St. Stanislaus, the respective patrons of Lithuania and the Vilnius Cathedral.Template:Sfn Reinys also removed a reference to the Virgin Mary as the Queen of Poland in the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Lithuanians and Belarusians did not agree with such prayer.Template:Sfn He also removed the Template:Ill (3 May) from the liturgical calendar for 1944 as the feast was prohibited by the Germans.Template:Sfn This became a particularly contentious issue. After complaints reached the Vatican, Reinys defended that the reinstatement of either the litany or the feast were not possible due to the political situation and offered to resign. Vatican told Reinys to be more sensitive to the Polish needs and did not accept his resignation.Template:Sfn The Vatican prohibited Reinys from changing of the language of sermons, as they were the exclusive responsibility of the Polish Episcopal Conference, and the actual ordinary of the diocese was in exile.Template:Sfn It also forbade him from participating in the meetings of the Lithuanian Ecclesiastical Province, to which the Archdiocese of Vilnius did not belong.Template:Sfn Polish authors continue to portray Reinys as a Lithuanian chauvinist.Template:Sfn

Soviet occupation

After the Operation Bagration, Vilnius was captured by the Red Army and Jałbrzykowski returned to Vilnius on 8 August 1944 and Reinys became vicar general.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn However, Jałbrzykowski was arrested by the Soviets in late January 1945 and Reinys returned as the administrator of the archdiocese.Template:Sfn Soviet NKGB attempted to use Reinys in its anti-Polish campaign and a purge of Polish priests, but he refused.Template:Sfn

Soviet NKVD began surveillance of Reinys soon after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania in June 1940. Surviving documents show that NKVD collected reports from 12 different agents in 1940–1941 that focused on Reinys' sermons and personal attitudes towards the Soviet regime and relations between Polish and Lithuanian clergy.Template:Sfn

Reinys was first briefly arrested on 6 September 1944 after a gathering of Lithuanian bishops which was not approved by the Soviets.Template:Sfn In November 1944, chief of the Lithuanian NKGB Aleksandras Gudaitis-Guzevičius and first secretary of the Lithuanian Communist Party Antanas Sniečkus wanted to arrest Reinys, but officials in Moscow suggested using Reinys to demoralize the anti-Soviet Lithuanian partisans.Template:Sfn As leverage, they used Reinys' two nephews imprisoned by the Soviets and seven relatives deported to Siberia during the June deportation in 1941.Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn

In June 1945, Reinys was pressured by the NKGB to write an appeal to the Lithuanian partisans urging them to apply for the "amnesty" and "legalization" campaign announced by the NKGB. Reinys refused to cooperate.Template:Sfn On 9 August 1945, Reinys published circular Nežudyk (Thou Shall not Kill). However, it was so vague and abstract that even Soviet writers admitted its limited usefulness.Template:Sfn One could apply the circular to the NKGB and its operatives.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Nevertheless, thousands of copies of the circular were published and distributed in Lithuania.Template:Sfn In March 1946, Reinys issued an instruction to priests ordering them not to get involved in political agitation.Template:Sfn

In later part of 1946, anti-religious action intensified.Template:Sfn In late 1946, a representative of the Ministry of State Security (MGB) met with all remaining Lithuanian bishops. After these conversations, Teofilius Matulionis and Template:Ill were arrested,Template:Sfn while Reinys was pressed to sign a pledge to consult Soviet security agencies on specified issues; Reinys refused.Template:Sfn He also refused to order priests to register with the Soviet authorities and support the establishment of parish committees which would allow Soviet agencies to intervene in church affairs.Template:Sfn Reinys was one last obstacle in this Soviet plan since other administrators of dioceses were inclined to cooperate.Template:Sfn

Soviet prisoner

File:Daugailiai, Lithuania - panoramio (18).jpg

Symbolic grave of Reinys (left) in Daugailiai

Reinys was arrested by Soviet authorities on 12 June 1947. He was interrogated for more than 162 hours mostly at night.Template:Sfn His indictment was prepared after three months.Template:Sfn It listed specific instances of Reinys' anti-Soviet activities, which included participating in the activities of the Catholic Action Center in interwar Lithuania, publishing various anti-Soviet articles during the German occupation, providing financial support (300 Reichsmarks for the purpose of purchasing books)Template:Sfn to a battalion of the Lithuanian Auxiliary Police, attending a meeting of Lithuanian bishop in September 1944 which decided to seek religious lessons in schools and military chaplains in Red Army units, persuading bishop Vincentas Borisevičius not to cooperate with the NKGB in December 1945, and delivering a sermon defending the Vatican after a critical article was published in Sovetskaya Litva in June 1947.Template:Sfn These charges demonstrated how difficult it was for the Soviets to find something political in Reinys' actions.Template:Sfn

On 15 November 1947, the Special Council of the NKVD sentenced Reinys to eight years in prison and confiscation of property according to the Article 58 of the Penal Code for anti-Soviet agitation and participation in anti-Soviet organizations.Template:Sfn Reinys was informed of this decision on 25 December 1947 and transported to the Vladimir Central Prison in January 1948.Template:Sfn In early 1953, the Ministry of State Security (MGB) of the Lithuanian SSR prepared a plan of an investigation to uncover the supposed vast Lithuanian Catholic underground led by Reinys.Template:Sfn To that end, Reinys was interrogated in Vladimir Prison eight times in March 1953.Template:Sfn

In prison, Reinys wrote two clemency requests, one in March 1948 and another to Nikolai Shvernik in August 1948.Template:Sfn According to surviving records, Reinys wrote 17 times to the warden. He requested a subscription to Pravda (twice) and English-language The New Times as well as a copy of a book on psychology by Sergei Rubinstein (twice) – all of these requests were denied.Template:Sfn Reinys could write few letters to his relatives and receive packages. In 1949–1953, the packages were prohibited while the letters were limited to just two per year.Template:Sfn His cellmates included Russian monarchist Vasily Shulgin and leader of Latvian Jews Mordehai Dubin, as well as German diplomat Template:Ill and British soldier Frank Kelly who later wrote memoirs about Reinys in prison.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Reinys died in the prison on 8 November 1953. His relatives were informed about his death only in May 1954.Template:Sfn The exact cause or circumstances of his death are not known.Template:Sfn He was buried in a mass grave; therefore, the exact location of his burial is unknown.Template:Sfn There are three symbolic graves of Reinys in Lithuania, all with some soil from the prison's cemetery: the churchyard in his native Daugailiai (July 1990), Deportees' Chapel in Vilnius Cathedral (June 2000), and sculpture of Pensive Christ in Skapiškis (July 2013).Template:Sfn

Publications

Reinys delivered many sermons, lectures, speeches.Template:Sfn Starting in 1907, he published various articles in Lithuanian periodicals, including Šaltinis, Draugija, Viltis, Tėvynės sargas, Pavasaris, Ateitis, XX amžius.Template:Sfn During the German occupation, he published more than 10 articles in Karys and Template:Ill criticizing communism and bolshevism.Template:Sfn In total, he authored more than a hundred articlesTemplate:Sfn which were published in 23 different periodicals.Template:Sfn Not all articles have been identified as he used various pen names.Template:Sfn Researcher Aldona Vasiliauskienė has attributed about 50 articles published in Template:Ill in 1920–1922 that were signed under the pen name Dr. Mututa to Reinys.Template:Sfn

In 1921, Reinys translated and published a 242-page psychology textbook by Georgy Chelpanov which was used by various schools during the entire interwar period.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn It was a free translation; Reinys added or modified the text as he saw fit. Its three main parts discussed cognitive psychology and sensations, feelings, and willful and involuntary movements.Template:Sfn It was the first Lithuanian textbook of psychology, therefore Reinys had to come up with Lithuanian words for various technical terms used in psychology.Template:Sfn

In 1939, he published his only original study – 107-page book Rasizmo problema (The Problem of Racism).Template:Sfn It was Reinys' response to the papal encyclical Mit brennender Sorge of March 1937.Template:Sfn In this work, Reinys surveys developments in scientific racism, particularly the use of anthropology and craniometry to distinguish "higher" and "lower" races. He criticized works of Arthur de Gobineau, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Alfred Rosenberg based on biology, religion, philosophy, pedagogy, and argued that there is no such thing as the Aryan race.Template:Sfn

From January 1945 to May 1947, Reinys wrote 27 satirical and sarcastic bulletins T. Aškūnų bei B. Asių kolchozo Moderniojo Cirko biuleteniai (Modern Circus Bulletins of the Kolkhoz of T. Aškūnai and B. Asiai).Template:Sfn The works referenced Vincentas Taškūnas, Template:Ill, and others who lived in one apartment in Vilnius – they moved there after the bombing of the clergy house of the Church of Saint Nicholas, Vilnius.Template:Sfn Kolkhoz referred to the crowded apartment, while modern circus referred to the new Soviet regime. The works showcase Reinys' ability to find humor even in dire circumstances.Template:Sfn These handwritten bulletins were hidden by Taškūnas' niece and were first published in 1999.Template:Sfn

Canonization efforts

Reinys was rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of the Lithuanian SSR in February 1989.Template:Sfn In February 1990, Lithuanians submitted documents to the Roman Curia to open the canonisation case for Reinys along with Teofilius Matulionis and Vincentas Borisevičius, two other Lithuanian bishops persecuted by the Soviets.Template:Sfn Pope John Paul II mentioned these three in a 1993 speech at the Hill of Crosses.Template:Sfn The official beatification case was opened on 14 September 1998.Template:Sfn On 7 May 2000, Pope John Paul II recognized 114 Lithuanian martyrs, among them Reinys.Template:Sfn

Character

Reinys' contemporaries wrote about his frugal lifestyle and generosity for those in need. According to one memoir, he purchased a simple fur coat only after being told by a doctor to dress warmer.Template:Sfn He continued to dress modestly in priest robes even when he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs.Template:Sfn He recorded his expenses in notebooks. A surviving notebook from December 1924 to May 1929 shows that he donated to 48 different organizations as well as different churches, parishes, and other causes.Template:Sfn He also supported individual students, among them Salomėja Nėris and Template:Ill,Template:Sfn as well as his family members.Template:Sfn He spent considerable sums on literature and periodicals – the notebook shows that he subscribed to 32 different periodicals.Template:Sfn Overall, over the 54 months, Reinys spent approximately 54,500 litas on charitable causes, 13,300 litas on literature, and 52,000 litas for other expenses.Template:Sfn

Reinys was a teetotaler since 1910.Template:Sfn This caused several diplomatic incidents when Reinys was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and dignitaries noticed that they were toasted not with a glass of wine, but rose colored water.Template:Sfn

Template:Ill in his memoirs about Vladimir Prison wrote that Reinys exhibited strong faith, Christian love and humility and had become a moral authority among the prisoners.Template:Sfn According to Starke, Reinys occasionally received some money from his relatives which he used to buy some bread or sugar and share it with other inmates. Once, an inmate stole from Reinys who said nothing but gave a double portion to that inmate next time.Template:Sfn Frank Kelly similarly wrote that Reinys prayed frequently and was very calm.Template:Sfn