Saratoga, California

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Saratoga is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States. Located in Silicon Valley, in the southern Bay Area, it had a population of 31,051 at the 2020 census. Saratoga is known for its wineries, restaurants, and historic landmarks like Villa Montalvo, Mountain Winery, and Hakone Gardens.

History

File:USA-Saratoga-Paul Masson Mountain Winery-1 (cropped).jpg
Mountain Winery, founded by noted viticulturist Paul Masson in 1901.
File:Architect and engineer (1920) (14803082673) (cropped).jpg
Villa Montalvo (now Montalvo Art Center), the historic estate of James D. Phelan, is named after Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, who named California.

The area comprising Saratoga was earlier inhabited by the Ohlone Native Americans.[1][2] In 1847, European settlers created a settlement at what is now Saratoga when William Campbell (father of Benjamin Campbell, the founder of nearby Campbell, California), constructed a sawmill about Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of the present downtown area. An early map noted the area as Campbell's Gap.

In 1851, Martin McCarthy, who had leased the mill, built a toll road down to the Santa Clara Valley and founded what is now Saratoga as McCarthysville.[3] The toll gate was located at the present-day intersection of Big Basin Way and 3rd St., giving the town its first widely used name: Toll Gate. During the Civil War, a woman wanted showed her support for the South by wearing a Confederate flag with the motto "Shall we not protect our cotton?” [4] to a local ball. This caused quite stir in the area.[5] In 1867 the town received a post office under the name of McCarthysville.

Early residents, who moved to Saratoga in 1881, were Mary Brown (1816–1884), widow of the abolitionist John Brown; her daughters Sarah and Ellen; and the husband of the latter, James Fablinger. All of them are buried in the Madronia Cemetery.[6]

The town soon industrialized with the building of a furniture factory, grist mill, tannery, and paper factory. To commemorate this newfound productivity, the town was renamed again in 1863 as Bank Mills. In the 1850s, Jud Caldwell discovered springs which were called Pacific Congress Springs because the water had a mineral content similar to Congress Springs in Saratoga Springs, New York. In 1865 the town received its final name, Saratoga, after the city in New York. At the same time a resort hotel called Congress Hall was constructed at the springs, named after the famous resort Congress Hall at Saratoga Springs, New York. California's Congress Hall attracted tourists to the area until it burned down in 1903.[3] These events would eventually lead to Saratoga being listed as a California Historical Landmark in 1950.[7]

Saratoga became agricultural like much of the rest of the valley; a few vineyards and orchards from this period remain today. The Miller-Melone Ranch is the last remaining prune ranch home in Saratoga and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 1, 1993.[8][9] After World War II, the town quickly became urbanized, and it incorporated in 1956 mostly to avoid being annexed by San Jose. A slogan during the campaign to incorporate the city of Saratoga was "Keep it rural," according to historian Willys I. Peck. Today the city serves as a bedroom community for upper class Silicon Valley tech workers and executives.[10]

Saratoga drew notoriety for the suicide of Audrie Pott, a 15-year-old Saratoga High School student, September 2012. The three teenagers who were charged with sexually assaulting Pott pleaded guilty and served time in juvenile hall for the sexual assault.[11][12][13] Saratoga High School is depicted in Steven Spielberg's 2022 film The Fabelmans.[14]

Geography

File:Hakone Garden, Mon Gate - panoramio.jpg
Hakone Gardens, founded in 1917. The west coast premiere of the opera Madama Butterfly by Puccini was held in the gardens in 1923.
File:USA-Saratoga-Sanborn Park-Lake Ranch Reservoir-1 (cropped).jpg
Sanborn County Park

Saratoga is bordered by Cupertino and San Jose to the north, a small portion of Campbell and Los Gatos to the east, and Monte Sereno to the southeast. Saratoga is located at Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[15] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., all of it land. Within its borders, Saratoga includes lush redwood forests, foothills suitable for wine grapes and sunny valley floor once covered with prune and apricot orchards, now with suburban homes, schools and churches.

Neighborhoods in Saratoga include Brookview and Pride's Crossing in the north part of the city, Blue Hills and Greenbrier in the northwest area, and Congress Springs in the southwestern corner of Saratoga. The Golden Triangle, a name invented by real estate agents, is an area bounded by Saratoga Avenue, Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road and Cox Avenue. The Golden Triangle consists mostly of four-bedroom ranch homes (with values ranging from between $1 and $3 million) on quarter acre lots that are gradually being replaced by Mediterranean custom designs. Northeast of the Golden Triangle is a neighborhood known as Saratoga Woods, a small community located behind Prospect High School north of Cox. Bellgrove Circle is a popular neighborhood located next to Route 85. The land of Bellgrove Circle, once used as a vineyard, was previously owned by Paul Masson Winery and is east of Saratoga Avenue and north of Routet 85. Kentfield is south of Route 85 and east of Saratoga Avenue. Parker Ranch is a very affluent neighborhood with Script error: No such module "convert". minimum lots, west of Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road and up into the hills. The downtown area along Big Basin Way is known as the Village.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
1880297—
196014,861—
197026,810Script error: No such module "String".%
198029,261Script error: No such module "String".%
199028,061Script error: No such module "String".%
200029,843Script error: No such module "String".%
201029,926Script error: No such module "String".%
202031,051Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]

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Saratoga, California – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[17] Pop 2010[18] Pop 2020[19] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 19,434 15,431 11,538 65.12% 51.56% 37.16%
Black or African American alone (NH) 110 91 98 0.37% 0.30% 0.32%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 34 24 24 0.11% 0.08% 0.08%
Asian alone (NH) 8,664 12,331 16,829 29.03% 41.20% 54.20%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) 2 23 38 0.07% 0.08% 0.12%
Other race alone (NH) 37 56 147 0.12% 0.19% 0.47%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 606 936 1,252 2.03% 3.13% 4.03%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 936 1,034 1,125 3.14% 3.46% 3.62%
Total 29,843 29,926 31,051 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020

File:USA-Saratoga-Chapel of Federated Church-5 (cropped).jpg
The Federated Church of Saratoga

The 2020 United States census reported that Saratoga had a population of 31,051. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup was 37.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 54.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.6% of the population.[20]

The census reported that 99.5% of the population lived in households, 0.0% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.5% were institutionalized.[20]

There were 10,830 households, out of which 34.6% included children under the age of 18, 73.7% were married-couple households, 2.1% were cohabiting couple households, 15.6% had a female householder with no partner present, and 8.6% had a male householder with no partner present. 14.4% of households were one person, and 10.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.85.[20] There were 8,981 families (82.9% of all households).[21]

The age distribution was 19.9% under the age of 18, 7.6% aged 18 to 24, 14.8% aged 25 to 44, 34.0% aged 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65Script error: No such module "String".years of age or older. The median age was 49.9Script error: No such module "String".years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males.[20]

There were 11,264 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which 10,830 (96.1%) were occupied. Of these, 85.3% were owner-occupied, and 14.7% were occupied by renters.[20]

In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $241,348, and the per capita income was $123,743. About 2.7% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line.[22]

2010

File:Villa Montalvo (2596910006).jpg
Montalvo Arts Center

The 2010 United States census[23] reported that Saratoga had a population of 29,926. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of Saratoga was 16,125 (53.9%) White, 94 (0.3%) African American, 41 (0.1%) Native American, 12,376 (41.4%) Asian, 23 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 202 (0.7%) from other races, and 1,065 (3.6%) from two or more races. There were 1,034 Hispanic or Latino residents of any race (3.5%).

The census reported that 29,727 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 34 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 165 (0.6%) were institutionalized.

There were 10,734 households, out of which 4,024 (37.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 7,893 (73.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 608 (5.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 213 (2.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 159 (1.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 44 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,740 households (16.2%) were made up of individuals, and 1,115 (10.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77. There were 8,714 families (81.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.11.

In Saratoga, 7,173 people (24.0%) were under the age of 18, 1,390 people (4.6%) were aged 18 to 24, 4,678 people (15.6%) were aged 25 to 44, 10,598 people (35.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,087 people (20.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

There were 11,123 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which 9,258 (86.2%) were owner-occupied, and 1,476 (13.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.3%. 26,201 people (87.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,526 people (11.8%) lived in rental housing units.

In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that the average household income was $237,804 with an average household net worth of $1,516,018.[24]

Economy

File:Business (2680294510) (cropped).jpg
Shop in Saratoga Village

The 2016 Coldwell Banker Home Listing Report listed Saratoga as the most expensive housing market in the United States.[25] In 2010, Bloomberg Businessweek named Saratoga the most expensive suburb in California.[26] According to CNN Money, 70.42% of Saratoga households have an income greater than $100,000.[27]

Saratoga was ranked by Forbes in 2009 as one of America's top 20 most-educated small towns.[28] Bloomberg Businessweek named Saratoga's zip code 95070 the 18th richest zip code in America in 2011.[24] In 2018, data from the American Community Survey revealed that Saratoga was the 8th wealthiest city in the United States.[29]

Government

File:Fire Station (2396041254).jpg
Saratoga Fire Station

Saratoga is a general law city under California law, meaning that the organization and powers of the city are established by state law. It has a council–manager form of government. The current mayor is Belal Aftab, and the Vice Mayor is Chuck Page.[30] The other current council members are Kookie Fitzsimmons, Tina Walia and Yan Zhao.[31]

The Saratoga City Council has had to make many controversial decisions in a community with residents known to be protectionist of their existing exclusivity.[32] The council was a leader in dealing with the unfunded pension crisis in California.[33]

In the California State Legislature, Saratoga is in Template:Representative, and in Template:Representative.[34] In the United States House of Representatives, Saratoga is in Template:Representative.[35]

Saratoga vote
by party in presidential elections[36]
Year Democratic Republican
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2024 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.6% 12,193 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|27.4% 4,866
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2020 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|72.0% 14,396 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|25.9% 5,174
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2016 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.6% 11,480 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|25.6% 4,286
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2012 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|59.0% 9,614 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.0% 6,346
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2008 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|61.8% 10,578 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|36.6% 6,268
align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2004 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|55.2% 8,886 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|43.8% 7,054
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2000 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|46.8% 7,151 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|49.5% 7,568
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1996 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|41.6% 6,280 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|49.1% 7,413
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1992 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|35.8% 6,199 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|40.7% 7,049
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1988 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|34.1% 5,709 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|64.5% 10,799
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1984 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|28.3% 4,730 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|70.6% 11,817
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1980 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|20.8% 3,263 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|64.0% 10,061
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1976 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.2% 4,174 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|69.0% 9,867
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1972 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|29.2% 3,967 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|68.2% 9,265
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1968 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|33.9% 3,467 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|62.9% 6,552
align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|1964 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|47.7% 4,062 align="center" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|52.3% 4,449

Education

File:Saratoga Toll Way.jpg
Saratoga Memorial Arch

Various public school districts serve Saratoga. At elementary level (grades K to 8) these include Saratoga Union School District, Campbell Union School District, Cupertino Union School District and Moreland School District. High school districts that serve Saratoga include the Los Gatos-Saratoga Joint Union High School District, Fremont Union High School District and Campbell Union High School District. These districts provide a number of high schools including Saratoga High School, Monta Vista High School (located in Cupertino but servicing a portion of Saratoga), Lynbrook High School (located in San Jose but servicing a portion of Saratoga as well), Prospect High School and Westmont High School (located in Campbell but servicing a portion of Saratoga).

Private schools in the area include Challenger School, Saint Andrew's School, and Sacred Heart School.

West Valley Community College provides college-level education in the district whilst the Santa Clara County Library District operates the Saratoga Library.[37]

Transportation

File:Bicycle Shop (that used to be here) (2607972236).jpg
Bike shop in Saratoga Village

The original alignment of Route 85 along Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road was deleted in 1994, when the West Valley Freeway was completed, and it passes through northeast Saratoga. Highway 85 has one onramp/offramp within the city, at Saratoga Avenue. The original plans for the freeway also included exits at Quito Road and Prospect Avenue, but objections by residents kept those interchanges from being constructed. Street signs are brown in color.

The Union Pacific Railroad operates freight through the town, serves the nearby Permanente Quarry, and travels parallel to Route 85. Passenger trains, including the Peninsular Railway, operated starting in 1908 and delivered commuters to San Francisco in 90 minutes. Saratoga has no passenger train service and minimal bus service.

Saratoga also has a zoning code aimed at preserving a semi-rural appearance. Saratoga emphasizes its semi-rural appearance by foregoing street lights and sidewalks on most residential streets. This contributes to Saratoga's high housing costs.

Sister City

Notable people

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Mountain Democrat, 19 October 1861
  5. ↑ Shasta Courier, 2 November 1861
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Template:Cite ohp
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Template:Cite GovTrack
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Sister project

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