Mansur Shah of Malacca
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Sultan Mansur Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah (Jawi: Template:Script/Arabic; died 1477) was the 6th Sultan of Malacca from 1459 to 1477. He ascended the throne after the death of his father, Muzaffar Shah.[1]Template:Rp He's also one of the capable sultans of Malacca because of his conquests he led to, and which during the times where Malacca Sultanate reached at its greatest territorial extent during his rule.Template:Efn
Palace
According to Sherwin, there were a bit documents about the Mansur Shah palace and the constructions at that time during his control over Malacca Sultanate influences in the 15th century. Sherwin also specifically said that this palace was one of the most detailed historical buildings in all Malay historical sources, and certainly has a few rivals anywhere in the world as such a succinct and down-to-earth descriptions of a building that is such a antiquity.Template:Sfn Unlike the rest of majority with other cultures of comparable historical records, there is no actual trace at all that is left on the buildings from the age in the Malay Peninsula, so that the written sources becomes even more important of the reconstruction of the architectural history.Template:Sfn
After the death of Mansur Shah, the buildings of his palace were completely razed off later due to the fact of the Portuguese capturing Malacca in 1511, making much of the influences which ruled under Malacca Sultanate in 1511 collapse in Malay Peninsula. Others of the territories outside of Malay Peninsula remains.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
modern era
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Nowadays, the prime minister of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad plan to reconstruct a newly replica of Mansur Shah palace in 17th July 1984, and it was also open by the government of himself. Much were made in hardwoods, while the roof of the palace is made of a "belian" wood.[2]Template:Efn Nowadays, the replica of the palace is now discern to be type of museum in the modern days of Malaysia in Malacca.
Expansions
Mansur Shah implemented a policy of expansionism during his rule. Many territories in Malay Peninsula and eastern Sumatra and the surrounding islands, such as Perak, Bernam, while Siak became Malacca's vassal. Several states unsuccessfully asserted their autonomy such as Pahang, Kampar and Inderagiri. This led one of Mansur's son to be leader of Pahang.[3] Manjung, Rupat, Singapore, and Bintan, were under the control of Malacca during his rule.
Marriage alliances
Mansur Shah also used marriage alliances between princesses of Malacca and the rulers of conquered states, such as the marriage between the king of Siak to Mansur Shah's daughter, Princess Mahadewi, to strengthen Malacca’s control over those states. Such alliances were a factor in Islam's expansion in maritime Southeast Asia. Siantan and Indragiri in Sumatra were also given to Malacca as dowry for his marriage to the princess of Majapahit.
According to historian Tomé Pires, Princess Hang Li Po, daughter of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Yongle (1403–1424), was sent over with her sizable entourage to marry Sultan Mansur Shah. Princess Hang Li Po remains a mystery/myth today because there are no records in Ming Dynasty sources with the surname of Hang or a princess named Li Po. Emperor Yongle had only 5 princesses, Princess Yong'an (永安公主; 1377–1417), Princess Ancheng (安成公主; 1384–1443), Princess Yongping (永平公主; 1379–1444), Princess Xianning (咸寧公主; 1385–1440) and Princess Changning (常寧公主; 1387–1408). During Sultan Mansur's reign of power, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty was Emperor Yingzong (1457–1464), instead of Emperor Yongle.
Princesses of conquered states, such as Princess Wanang Seri of Pahang and Raden Galoh Candra Kirana, were also married to the Sultan of Malacca.
Economic policy
Mansur Shah reduced taxes on trade items during his reign, which increased the interest of merchants in trading through Malacca. A preferential tariff system was introduced whereby a 6% tax was levied on the trade of merchants from west of Malacca, such as Arabia and India, and a 3% tax was levied on the trade of merchants from Maritime Southeast Asia. Merchants from China, Japan and Java were not taxed at all. Malacca also offered the economic advantage of easy access to laborers.
Spread of Islam
Mansur Shah, who had an interest in Islam, encouraged scholarship in Islamic theological studies, and studied Sufism himself. He studied under Maulana Abu Bakar, who brought the Ab Darul Manzum scriptures to Malacca. He ordered the translation of the scripture to Malay by Makhdum Patakan. Mansur Shah referred to scholars from Pasai on religious issues due to their expertise.
Tombstone
There are many theories about the Mansur Shah tombstone. From that day supposedly in June 1918, the author name Jean Pierre Moquette had been given the description of the tomb, which was given to him by Richard Olaf Winstedt, purporting to be the sultan Mansur Shah tombstone.Template:Sfn The two stones were given to him later, and then it was seen to be no way-matched, either its in shape or ornament or workmanship. The head stone once doubtlessly placed in the tomb, while the other one belongs to is kinds that lies on the ground.Template:Sfn
Apropos, the plate coming from one of the two stones known Mansur stone as well has been decipher allegedly by Jean Pierre Moquette. By the help of the casts, Moquette was finally able to decipher the inscriptions, and also reconstructing of the damage words, for certainly to get the absolute readings of the name and the date as well.Template:Sfn Antecedently, author name John Coney Moulton kindly sent the request images of the stone to Moquette, of all of the four sides which is now places in the cement pedestal for better preservation.Template:Sfn The reading from the first plate on obverse says;Template:Sfn Template:Quote And also the 2nd plate (on reverse) readings follows: Template:Quote This readings of the 2 plates are told to be translate as of is following quote:Template:Sfn Template:Quote Moreover, Richard Olaf Winstedt was also given the inscriptions purporting to be the exact of Mansur Shah stone. Mister Hervey had got the two inscriptions transcribed, and had told Mr. Blagden that the tomb however still exist. Blagden told to Winstedt that if he could whether trace it.[4] On a visit to Malacca, Winstedt found the two stones of the tomb that was placed against the wall of the residency; Mr. Wolferstan had kindly arranged for them to be photographed and also undertook to take the steps for their preservation.[5] According to Herveys version, the inscription of the at the bottom (or left) of the first plate decipher as it follows; Template:Quote For the whole translation of what it says there: Template:Quote There are inscriptions on the two edges of the stone, which likely says and besides of is meanings: "Al-asma al-dufana al-Sultan al-Ali" (meaning:"The name of the deceased, the most exalted Sultan").[5]
Notes
References
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Bibliography
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