Manning Wardle

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Manning Wardle was a steam locomotive manufacturer based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

File:Loco Sharpthorne.JPG
1877 Manning Wardle 0-6-0ST Sharpthorn[1] at Horsted Keynes on the Bluebell Railway
File:Manning Wardle locomotive for the Malta Railway.png
Manning Wardle 842, built in 1883 for the Malta Railway

Precursor companies

The city of Leeds was one of the earliest centres of locomotive building; Matthew Murray built the first commercially successful steam locomotive, Salamanca, in Holbeck, Leeds, in 1812. By 1856, a number of manufacturers had sprung up in the city, including Kitson and Company, and E. B. Wilson and Company, later The Railway Foundry after 1848.

Manning Wardle

File:Offices and gates, Boyne Engineering Works.jpg
Manning Wardle's Boyne Engine Works in Leeds
File:Ayresome No 12 by Manning Wardle & Co. Ltd.JPG
Ayresome No 12 by Manning Wardle & Co. Ltd

The Railway Foundry (E.B Wilson from 1838–48) operated in Leeds until 1858. At least some of the company's designs and some materials were purchased by Manning Wardle & Company, who located their Boyne Engine Works in Jack Lane in the Hunslet district of the city. Steam locomotive construction commenced on the site in 1859. Within the next few years, two other companies, the Hunslet Engine Company and Hudswell, Clarke & Company also opened premises in Jack Lane. There was a good deal of staff movement between the three firms, leading to similar designs leaving all three works. Whilst Hudswell Clarke and Hunslet Engine Company built a wide variety of locomotive types, Manning Wardle concentrated on specialised locomotives for contractor's use, building up a range of locomotives suitable for all types of contracting work.

File:La Portena.jpg
No 1 La Porteña, first steam loco in Argentina

The pivotal Manning Wardle inside-cylinder design was an 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix with Script error: No such module "convert". cylinders, one of which might have been owned by David Joy (it is described as being for sale in Leeds in 1856 in Vol. 3 of his Diaries) and which was later owned by the Midland Railway. An 0-4-2Template:Whyte suffix with Script error: No such module "convert".. cylinders was developed from this design for the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway in 1853. In 1855 a 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix with Script error: No such module "convert".. class was developed, mainly for colliery work. Two of these, named Alliance and Victory were used in the Crimea; a contemporary descriptions of them in the Leeds press clearly show that the 'Railway Foundry Script error: No such module "convert". 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix was the direct forerunner of the Manning Wardle 'Old Class I'.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The origin of the outside cylinder 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix standard designs is more obscure. The Chronicles of Boulton's Siding mentions a Railway Foundry Script error: No such module "convert". outside cylinder 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix, but this work is notoriously unreliable. An 1856-vintage Template:TrackGauge gauge outside cylinder 2-2-0Template:Whyte suffix with all wheels of the same diameter, La Porteña survives in Luján, Argentina (Manning Wardle later built a coupled version of this), but the most credible evidence for the first outside cylinder 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix design is the Template:TrackGauge gauge Script error: No such module "convert". 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix alluded to in the 1862 London Exhibition Catalogue as being similar to the maker's 'D' and 'E' classes apart from the gauge.[2]

Manning Wardle went on to play an important part in narrow gauge steam locomotive evolution. After neighbours Hunslet Engine Co. had pioneered the 'Leeds Mainstream' pattern of narrow-gauge steam locomotive (full length outside mainframes; outside cylinders; proper locomotive-pattern boiler; direct drive to coupled wheels; foundation ring below top of frame level, and firebox width not constrained by wheelset 'back-to-back' dimension) with its Dinorwic in 1870, in 1871 Manning Wardle made series production of the type a serious proposition commencing with Template:TrackGauge gauge 0-4-0Template:Whyte suffix Lord Raglan (No. 353) for the Royal Arsenal. Similar locomotives followed for both the Arsenal and Chatham Dockyard and in 1872 Manning Wardle's first long-wheelbase 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix to John Barraclough Fell's patents, an Template:TrackGauge gauge 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix tender locomotive for the Royal Engineers on the 'Leeds mainstream' Model appeared. This was followed by two Template:TrackGauge gauge Fell-pattern 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix's in 1873 for the Bay of Havana Railway (see below), one (later two) 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix's for the Pentewan Railway in Cornwall, and several 'Quasi-Fell' six-coupled locomotives for Sweden, India and Mexico (again see below). After the appearance of Hunslet's 0-6-4Template:Whyte suffix Beddgelert in 1877, the 'Leeds Mainstream' specification had truly come of age and the Boyne Engine Works went on to produce its own more sophisticated designs in the same vein, including the well-known 2-6-2Template:Whyte suffix's for the Lynton & Barnstaple, Template:TrackGauge gauge 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffix's for India, and a pair of 2-6-4Template:Whyte suffix's for South Africa.[3] Further examples, including two 0-6-2Template:Whyte suffixs, were to emanate from Boyne Engine Works almost up to the Company's demise, but most of the later-built examples were for overseas customers in Chile, India and Argentina, the last-mentioned example (No. 2039 of 1924) being an 18-inch gauge development of No. 353 of 1871.

Manning Wardle became a limited company in 1905.

Many Manning Wardle locomotives – of Template:TrackGauge and various narrow gauges – were exported to Europe, Africa, the Middle East (e.g. the Palestine Railways Class M), the Indian sub-continent, Australasia (e.g. NZR WH class) and South America.

During the First World War, Manning Wardle produced a petrol engined standard gauge shunter for the War Office. This had a 180 hp Thornycroft 6-cylinder marine type reversing engine, and had coupled 0-4-0 layout, weighing Script error: No such module "convert"..[4] Ten of these were ordered initially, with armour-plated superstructures for heavy haulage of rail-mounted guns. The first was delivered to the Longmoor Military Railway in October 1915, the last to France in May 1916. They proved 'wholly' unsuccessful and were soon relegated to shunting work.[5]

Decline and closure

The company employed traditional construction throughout its existence and failed to take advantage of the more efficient mass production techniques becoming available. The Wardle family connection with the company ceased in 1919 and the company was latterly owned largely by railway contractors (historically an important customer base). The loss of Russian orders following the 1917 October Revolution and the imposition of a punitive Excess Profits Tax in 1921 played their part in bringing about the company's eventual demise, as did expenditure on a new Boiler Shop in 1924 in an attempt to modernise production methods. In what had become a bleak environment for private locomotive builders generally Manning Wardle had simply become uncompetitive.

The last complete locomotive was No. 2047, a standard gauge 0-6-0Template:Whyte suffix delivered to Rugby Cement Works in August 1926. This locomotive was preserved at the Severn Valley Railway and last steamed in 1977 when the boiler was condemned. After some years on static display at Kidderminster Railway Museum, restoration began in 2010 and since 2021Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". is in progress at Bewdley. The design for a new boiler has been approved.[6]

Acquisition

Following closure in 1926 after producing more than 2,000 steam locomotives, much of the site was taken over by Hunslet Engine Co., with some parts going to the diesel engine manufacturer, McClaren. The company's intellectual property rights, goodwill, drawings and patterns initially passed Kitson & Co., thence to Robert Stephenson & Hawthorn in 1938 and finally to Hunslet Engine Company in 1960. Kitson & Co. made twenty-three locos of Manning Wardle design until the firm's withdrawal from locomotive manufacture and Robert Stephenson & Hawthorn produced a further five in 1940-1, all T class 0-6-0ST's for Stewarts & Lloyds. The surviving drawings are now held at Statfold Barn Railway Museum, near Tamworth.

The trademark name Manning Wardle is owned by a company formed in 1999 to preserve the name for the Lynton & Barnstaple Railway, which from 1898 to 1935 operated what have become some of the company's most famous products,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". narrow gauge 2-6-2Template:Whyte suffix engines: Exe, Taw, Yeo and later Lew.

Preservation

Many locomotives of the company have been preserved, as listed below

File:Manning Wardle No.2018 - 45783904672.jpg
Manning Wardle No. 2018 on the Avon Valley Railway

Steam

Diesel and electric

  • TBA

Models

Ready to run models:

  • In 2018 Minerva Model Railways produced the K Class 0-6-0ST in O gauge.[15]
  • In 2024 Rapido Trains UK announced the productions of the L Class 0-6-0ST in OO gauge.[16]

Kits

  • CSP Models brass kits Littleton No 4/5 0-6-0ST in OO/EM/P4 gauge.
  • CSP Models brass kit Warwickshire 0-6-0ST in OO/EM/P4 gauge.
  • CSP Models brass kit Q Class 0-6-0ST in OO/EM/P4 gauge.
  • CSP Models brass kit Burwarton/Cleobury 0-6-0ST in OO/EM/P4 gauge

References

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  4. ↑ For Sale by Private Treaty, Railway Material, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, Sat 1 November 1919, p13
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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