Manacus
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Manacus is a genus of passerine birds in the manakin family which are found in the forests of tropical mainland Central and South America, and on Trinidad and Tobago.
The genus Manacus was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the white-bearded manakin (Manacus manacus) as the type species.[1][2] The name manacus is from the Dutch manneken "pretty little thing".[3]
The genus contains four species:[4]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:White-collared Manakin - Sarapiqui - Costa Rica MG 0596 (26585018422).jpg | Manacus candei | White-collared manakin | Central America |
| File:Orange-collared Manakin - Rio Tigre - Costa Rica MG 7859 (26651287556).jpg | Manacus aurantiacus | Orange-collared manakin | Panama and Colombia |
| File:Stavenn Manacus vitellinus.jpg | Manacus vitellinus | Golden-collared manakin | Colombia and Panama |
| File:Manacus manacus.jpg | Manacus manacus | White-bearded manakin | Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad south to Bolivia and northern Argentina |
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
The "Almirante manakin" (Manacus x cerritus) are stereotyped hybrids between the white-collared and the golden-collared species, found in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama (Brumfield et al., 2001; McDonald et al., 2001).
These are small, compact, short-tailed birds with a heavy hooked bill and orange legs. The males have brightly coloured plumage and long puffed throat feathers, whereas the females are the typical manakin dull olive hue.
The females lay two eggs in a shallow cup nest in a tree. Nest-building, incubation for 18–21 days, and care of the young are undertaken by the female alone, since manakins do not form stable pairs.
Manacus manakins feed low in the trees on fruit and some insects, both plucked from the foliage in flight.
Like some other manakin species, this genus has spectacular courtship rituals, in which the males give communal displays in a specially prepared lek. The males jump with their throat feathers erected to form a beard, and give whistles together with the characteristic loud snaps (like a breaking twig) and various buzzing, rustling and whiffling noises made with the wings.
The males of three very closely related species, the white-collared manakin of the Caribbean slopes of Central America, and its Pacific counterparts, the orange-collared and golden-collared manakins, have heavily modified wings with the five outer primaries very narrow for their outer half, and the inner primaries thickened and bowed.
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sources
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Brumfield, Robb T.; Jernigan, Robert W.; McDonald, David B.; Braun, Michael J. (2001): Evolutionary implications of divergent clines in an avian (Manacus: Aves) hybrid zone. Evolution 55(10): 2070–2087. PDF fulltext
- McDonald, David B.; Clay, Robert P.; Brumfield, Robb T. & Braun, Michael J. (2001): Sexual selection on plumage and behavior in an avian hybrid zone: experimental tests of male-male interactions. Evolution 55(7): 1443–1451. PDF fulltext
Further reading
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Comistock, Ithaca. Template:ISBN
Template:Passeriformes Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control