Maleng language
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Maleng (autonym: /malɛ̤ŋ²/[1]), also known as Pakatan and Bo, is a Vietic language of Laos and Vietnam.
Maleng has the four-way register system of Thavung augmented with pitch.[2]
Malieng, despite having the same name as Maleng, is a dialect of Chut (Chamberlain 2003, Sidwell 2009).
Varieties
Maleng consists of three dialect clusters:[1]
- Maleng (Mã Liềng); Kha Pakatan; Malang; Arem/Harème (Rivière 1902).[3] Sub-varieties include Kha Muong Ben and Kha Bo (Fraisse 1950).[4]
- Ma Lieng, also known as Pa Leng (Đặng Nghiêm Vạn et al. 1986)[5]
- Kha Phong (formerly an exonym, but now also used as an autonym); Maleng Kari; Maleng Bro. Also known as Kha Nam Om (Fraisse 1949).[6] The Kha Phong live in 2 to 3 villages in Laos, and in one village in Hà Tĩnh province, Vietnam. Strongly influenced by Lao. Maleng Bro was documented by Michel Ferlus in 1992 (see Ferlus 1997[7]), and also by the 2012-2013 Russian-Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition.
Distribution
Maleng is spoken in the following villages of Laos and Vietnam.[8]
- Khammouane province, Laos
- Nậm Huay
- Pung Kợt
- Song Khon
- Upper Nrong River
- Xang Huay E An
- Quảng Bình province (500+ people) and Hà Tĩnh province (in Hương Khê district; 133 people in 2012), Vietnam[1]
- Hương Lâm
- Hương Liên
- Lâm Hóa
References
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Sidwell, Paul. Vietic languages. Mon-Khmer Languages Project.
- ↑ Rivière, Capitaine M. 1902. Vocabulaires Hang-Tcheh, Khas Xos, Harème. Mission Pavie, Géographie et voyages. IV. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
- ↑ Fraisse, André. 1950. Les tribus Sèk et Kha de la province de Cammon (Laos). Bulletin de la Société des études indochinoises 25.3:333–348.
- ↑ Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, Chu Thái Sơn, Lưu Hùng. 1986. Les ethnies minoritaires du Vietnam. Hanoi: Editions en langues étrangères.
- ↑ Fraisse, André. 1949. Une civilisation de clairière au Laos: le Cammon. Annales de Géographie 58.310:158–161.
- ↑ Ferlus, Michel. 1997. Le maleng brô et le vietnamien. Mon-Khmer Studies 27:55–66.
- ↑ Babaev, Kirill Vladimirovich [Бабаев, Кирилл Владимирович]; Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2019. Язык май. Материалы Российско-вьетнамской лингвистической экспедиции / Jazyk maj. Materialy Rossijsko-vetnamskoj lingvisticheskoj ekspeditsii. Moscow: Издательский Дом ЯСК. Template:Isbn. Template:In lang. p.16.
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External links
Template:Languages of Laos Template:Languages of Vietnam Template:Austro-Asiatic languages