Magenta-class ironclad
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The Magenta class consisted of two broadside ironclads built for the French Navy (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the early 1860s. They were the only ironclad two-deckers ever built, and the first ironclads to feature a naval ram.[1]
Design and description
The Magenta class was designed by naval architect Henri Dupuy de Lôme as a reply to the low height of the Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".'s gun ports which impaired their ability to work their guns in heavy seas. He gave the Magentas an upper spar deck which would allow them to work those guns in all weathers and caused them to be rated as ironclad ships of the line by the French Navy.[2][3] They were considered to be good seaboats, although they were not very maneuverable.[1]
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". was Script error: No such module "convert". long, but her sister ship Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". was Template:Cvt long. They had a beam of Script error: No such module "convert". and a draft of Script error: No such module "convert".. Magenta displaced Script error: No such module "convert". while Solférino displaced Template:Cvt.[2] They were equipped with a metal-reinforced, spur-shaped ram.[1] The ironclads had a crew of 674 officers and enlisted men.[2]
The Magenta-class ships had a single two-cylinder horizontal-return connecting-rod compound steam engine that drove the propeller shaft,[3] using steam provided by eight boilersTemplate:Refn.[2][4] The engine was rated at 1,000 nominal horsepower or Script error: No such module "convert". and was intended to give the ships a speed in excess of Script error: No such module "convert"..[1] During their sea trials, Solférino[3] achieved a speed of Script error: No such module "convert". from Script error: No such module "convert"..[2] The Magenta class carried enough coal to allow them to steam for Script error: No such module "convert". at a speed of Script error: No such module "convert"..[4] They were originally fitted with a three-masted barquentine rig that had a sail area of Script error: No such module "convert"., but they were re-rigged as barques with Template:Cvt in 1864–1865.[3][4]
Armament and protection
The main battery of the Magenta class consisted of sixteen Script error: No such module "convert". Modèle 1858–60 smoothbore muzzle-loading guns, thirty-four Script error: No such module "convert". Modèle 1858–60 rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns and a pair of Script error: No such module "convert". RML howitzers on two gun decks. All of the 194 mm guns and ten of the 164.7 mm guns were mounted on the lower gun deck on the broadside. The remaining 164.7 mm guns and the 225 mm howitzers were positioned on the upper gun deck; the former on the broadside, but the latter were placed on pivot mounts as chase guns fore and aft.[2][3][4][5] In the late 1860s all of the guns on the lower gun deck were removed and their armament was changed to four Script error: No such module "convert". RMLs and eight 194 mm smoothbores, two each of the latter fore and aft as chase guns on the upper gun deck. Their final armament consisted of ten 240 mm Modèle 1864–66 guns and four 194 mm guns as chase guns fore and aft.[2][3]
The Magentas had a full-length waterline belt that consisted of wrought-iron plates Template:Cvt thick. Above the belt both gun decks were protected with Template:Cvt of armor, but the ends of the ships were unprotected.[1]
Ships
| Ship | Builder[1] | Laid down[2] | Launched[2] | Commissioned[2] | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Arsenal de Brest | 22 June 1859 | 22 June 1861 | 2 January 1863 | Exploded, 31 October 1875[6] |
| Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Arsenal de Lorient | 24 June 1859 | 24 June 1861 | 25 August 1862 | Condemned, 21 July 1882[3] |
Notes
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Citations
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Bibliography
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External links
- Plans of the Solférino (large TIF files) from the Script error: No such module "Lang". of the Script error: No such module "Lang". (Historical Services of the Ministry of Defence)