Lungalunga language
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Lungalunga (Lunga Lunga), frequently though ambiguously called Minigir, is spoken by a small number of the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea, who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province. It is often referred to in the linguistics literature as the Tolai "dialect" with an Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Classification
Lungalunga belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family. The most immediate subgroup is the Patpatar–Tolai group of languages which also includes Kuanua (also spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula) and Patpatar (spoken on New Ireland).
A "Tolai-Nakanai trade language" reported in the literature was apparently not a pidgin as assumed, but Minigir (Lungalunga) with perhaps some Meramera or Nakanai mixed in.[1]
Geographic distribution
Lungalunga is spoken on Ataliklikun Bay, in the villages of Lungalunga, Kabaira and Vunamarita, located on the Gazelle Peninsula in the East New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea.
Grammar
Independent pronouns
Lungalunga pronouns have four number distinctions (singular, dual, trial and plural) and three person distinctions (first, second and third) as well as an inclusive and exclusive distinction. There are no gender distinctions.
| Singular | Dual | Trial | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st exclusive | Script error: No such module "Lang". (I) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (he/she and I) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (both of them, and I) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (all of them, and I) |
| 1st inclusive | - | Script error: No such module "Lang". (thou and I) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (both of you, and I) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (all of you, and I) |
| 2nd | Script error: No such module "Lang". (thou) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (you two) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (you three) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (you guys) |
| 3rd | Script error: No such module "Lang". (he/she) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (they two) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (they three) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". (they) |
Syntax
The usual word order of Lungalunga is subject–verb–object (SVO).
References
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- ↑ Tom Dutton, "Other pidgins in Papua New Guinea", in Wurm et al. (1996) Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, vol 1:216, fn 1