Lunch atop a Skyscraper

Eleven men sitting on a steel beam high over a skyscraper.

Lunch atop a Skyscraper, 1932

Lunch atop a Skyscraper is a black-and-white photograph taken on September 20, 1932, of eleven ironworkers sitting on a steel beam of the RCA Building, Template:Convert above the ground during the construction of Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City. It was a staged photograph arranged as a publicity stunt, part of a campaign promoting the skyscraper.

The photographic negative is in the Bettmann Archive, owned by the Visual China Group. The image is often misattributed to Lewis Hine, but the identity of the actual photographer remains unclear. Evidence emerged indicating it may have been taken by Charles C. Ebbets, but it was later found that other photographers had been present at the shoot as well. Many claims have been made regarding the identities of the men in the image, though only a few have been definitively identified. Ken Johnston, manager of the historic collections of Corbis, called the image "a piece of American history".Template:Sfnp

Overview

File:Rockefeller Center, December 1933 (cropped).jpg

The RCA Building in December 1933 during the construction of Rockefeller Center

The photograph depicts eleven men eating lunch while sitting on a steel beam Template:Convert above the ground on the sixty-ninth floor of the near-completed RCA Building (now known as 30 Rockefeller Plaza) at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City, on September 20, 1932. These men were immigrant ironworkers employed at the RCA Building during the construction of Rockefeller Center. They were accustomed to walking along the girders. The photograph was taken as part of a campaign promoting the skyscraper. Other photographs taken depict the workers throwing a football and pretending to sleep on the girder. Central Park is visible in the background.Template:Sfnmp

History

File:These Hungry Steel-Workers Must Be on a Balanced Diet.jpg

Another image from the same publicity shoot

The photograph was distributed by Acme Newspictures and was published in newspapers as early as September 30, 1932. It was published in the Sunday supplement of the New York Herald Tribune on October 2, 1932, with the caption: "Lunch Atop a Skyscraper".Template:Sfnmp

In 1995, Corbis Images, a company that provides archived images to professional photographers, bought a collection of over eleven million images called the Bettmann Archive. The Lunch atop a Skyscraper photograph was in the Acme Newspictures archive, a part of the Bettmann collection, although it was uncredited. According to Ken Johnston, manager of the historic collections of Corbis, the image was initially received in a Manila paper envelope. The original glass negative of the photograph had broken into five pieces. It is stored in a humidity and temperature-controlled preservation facility at the Iron Mountain storage facility in Pennsylvania.Template:Sfnmp

In 2016, Visual China Group purchased Corbis's image division and content licensing unit, including the Bettman Archive and Lunch atop a Skyscraper. Visual China Group licenses the photograph internationally through an agreement with Getty Images.

Identification

Photographer

The identity of the photographer is unknown. It was often misattributed to Lewis Hine, a Works Progress Administration photographer, from the mistaken assumption that the structure being built is the Empire State Building.Template:Sfnmp In 1998, Tami Ebbets Hahn, a resident of Wilmington, North Carolina, noticed a poster of the image and speculated that it was one of her father's (Charles C. Ebbets; 1905–1978Template:Sfnmp) photographs. In 2003, she contacted Johnston. Corbis hired Marksmen Inc., a private investigation firm, to find the photographer. An investigator discovered an article from The Washington Post, which credited the image to Hamilton Wright. The Wright family, however, was not familiar with the photograph. It was common for Wright to receive credit for photographs taken by those working for him;Template:Sfnp Hahn's father had worked for the Hamilton Wright Features syndicate.Template:Sfnp

In 1932, Ebbets had been appointed the photographic director of Rockefeller Center, responsible for publicizing the new skyscraper. Hahn found her father's paycheck of $1.50 per hour (equivalent to $Template:Inflation per hour in Template:Inflation/year), the ironworkers photograph, and an image of her father with a camera, which appeared to be of the same place and time. Analyzing the evidence, Johnston said: "As far as I'm concerned, he's the photographer."Template:Sfnp Corbis later acknowledged Ebbets's authorship.Template:Sfnp It was later discovered that photographers Thomas Kelley, William Leftwich, and Ebbets were present there on that day.Template:Sfnp Due to the uncertain identity of the photographer, the image is again without credit.Template:Sfnp

Ironworkers

According to a New York Post survey, numerous claims have been made regarding the identities of the men in the image.Template:Sfnp The 2012 documentary Men at Lunch investigated claims that two of the men were Irish immigrants, and the director reported in 2013 that he planned to follow up on other claims from Swedish relatives. The film confirms the identities of two men: Joseph Eckner, third from the left, and Joe Curtis, third from the right, by cross-referencing with other pictures taken the same day, in which they were named at the time.Template:Sfnmp The first man from the right, holding a bottle, has been identified as Slovak worker Gustáv (Gusti) Popovič. The photograph was found in his estate, with the note "Don't you worry, my dear Mariška, as you can see I'm still with bottle" written on the back.Template:Sfnp

Close-up of the 11 men sitting on a steel beam.

Legacy

The photograph has been referred to as the "most famous picture of a lunch break in New York history" by Ashley Cross, a correspondent of the New York Post.Template:Sfnp It has been used and imitated in many artworks, and has been colorized. Sculptor Sergio Furnari modeled from it a Template:Convert statue, which was displayed near the World Trade Center site after the September 11 attacks.Template:Sfnmp The image has been a best seller for its licensors.Template:Sfnmp Although critics have dismissed the photograph as a publicity stunt, Johnston called it "a piece of American history".Template:Sfnmp Taken during the Great Depression, the photograph became an icon of New York CityTemplate:Sfnp and has often been re-created by construction workers.Template:Sfnp Time included the image in its 2016 list of the 100 most influential images.Template:Sfnp Discussing the significance of the image in 2012, Johnston said:

There's the incongruity between the action – lunch – and the place – 800 feet in the air – and that these guys are so casual about it. It's visceral: I've had people tell me they have trouble looking at it out of fear of heights. And these men – you feel you get a very strong sense of their characters through their expressions, clothes and poses.Template:Sfnp

The photograph also inspired a ride called the Beam, which opened on the former RCA Building's 69th floor terrace in December 2023.

See also

• List of photographs considered the most important

Works cited

English sources Template:Refbegin

• Template:Cite magazine

Template:Refend Non-English sources Template:Refbegin