Lumiar

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Lumiar (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a Script error: No such module "Lang". (civil parish) and typical quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in northern Lisbon, Lumiar is east of Carnide, north of Alvalade, west of Olivais, and south of Santa Clara and partially of Lisbon's border with Odivelas. The population in 2021 was 46,334.[1]

History

Located now within the municipality of Lisbon, it was established in the 13th century.

File:Jardim de Telheiras - Lisboa - Portugal (2023497673).jpg
Jardim Prof. Francisco Caldeira Cabral with the Igreja Paroquial de Nossa Senhora da Porta do Céu

The parish of Lumiar was established on April 2, 1266. In 1312, King Denis (D. Dinis) divided the assets of the Count of Barcelos, allocating to his illegitimate son and the Count's son-in-law, D. Afonso Sanches, a country estate in Lumiar, which came to be known as the Palace of the Infant D. Afonso Sanches (Paços do Infante D. Afonso Sanches). During the reign of King Afonso IV, this noble residence became known as the Lumiar Palace (Paço do Lumiar), a designation still in use today.

In the early 18th century, Lumiar was described as "a place of noble estates, olive groves, and vineyards," with the main agricultural products being wine, wheat, barley, and olive oil.

File:Paysans et vache (Portugal).jpg
Peasants in Lumiar, 1910 ca.

The parish, once a rural area, has witnessed a steady urban development since the beginning of the 19th century. Still, it was not uncommon for peasants to come to Lumiar up to the first half of the 20th century.

From 1852 to 1886, this parish was part of the Olivais municipality, finally being incorporated into the territory of the city of Lisbon on July 18, 1885.

In the 20th century, there was a significant population increase in the parish — from 2,840 inhabitants in 1900 to over 30,000 in 2000 — resulting in the almost definitive loss of the old village's characteristics due to various residential developments. The current major focus is the Alta de Lisboa neighborhood.[2][3]

File:Festival de Telheiras.jpg
Festival de Telheiras

In the 21st century, on October 10, 2007, the final stretch of the Template:Ill (Eixo Norte-Sul) was inaugurated, facilitating traffic flow throughout the Portuguese capital.

The Lumiar Parish is served by the recreational park Template:Ill.

File:Golfe Paço do Lumiar - Lisboa - Portugal (33055047378) (cropped).jpg
View of Golfe Paço do Lumiar, a golf course in Lumiar

The parish is composed of 5 major neighbourhoods:

  • Alta de Lisboa: New neighborhood created as an ambitious real estate project that includes the old neighborhoods of Musgueira Norte and Sul and Calvanas; it is the commercial name of Alto do Lumiar
  • Calçada de Carriche
  • Quinta das Conchas
  • Paço do Lumiar: where its historical complex stands out
  • Telheiras (partially shared with Carnide)

Demographics

Historical resident population (before the 2012 Administrative Reform)

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File:Lumiar (Lisboa) 2011-2012.svg
Lumiar before and after the 2012 Portuguese administrative reform

The resident population recorded according to Censuses carried over the years is shown in the following table for Lumiar. It is noteworthy that Lumiar gained 37,194 people from 1960 to 2021 or 406.94% of its 1960 population in just 60 years, not having recorded a single population loss since 1960.

Adjusting the 2011 data to the new 2012 boundaries, the population recorded for Lumiar in 2011 stood at 45,605, mainly people hailing from Carnide.

Correcting for the 2012 adjustment due to the new parish's limits, the demographic growth witnessed between 2011 and 2021 stood at +729, or +1.60%. Although at a slow pace, the population grew during the said decade, contrarily to the population of Lisbon as a whole.

Demographic statistics

  • Age

The last censuses show that the parish's population is ageing at a fast pace: in 2021 25.78% of the population was below 25 and, at the same time, more than a fifth (20.91%) of the residents was 65 or older.

Distribution of Population by Age Groups[4]
Year 0-14 Years 0-14 Years % 15-24 Years 15-24 Years % 25-64 Years 25-64 Years % > 65 Years > 65 Years %
2021 6,790 14.65% 5,154 11.12% 24,701 53.31% 9,689 20.91%
  • Religion

Template:Pie chartThe parish is predominantly catholic and 72.85% of the population aged 15 or above are followers of a Christian or Jeovah's Witness denomination as of 2021.

Interestingly, around 25.23% of the population doesn't practice a religion and is thus non religious.[5]

The presence of minor religions such as Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism (1.92% of the population amongst the three) is probably due to an increasing community of people coming from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh or Nepal.

The Radha Krishna Temple of the Hindu community is located in the parish.

  • Immigration

In 2021, 5.08% of the population of the parish was constituted by foreigners. In particular, amongst women foreigners were 5.48% of the total. This means that in Lumiar there are 2,356 resident foreigners, a sharp increase from 2011, when there were 1,617 resident foreigners (3.55%). Since the foreign population increased by 739 people from 2011 to 2021 (adjusting for the new boundaries) and given that the total population of the parish (adjusting for the new boundaries) increased by 729 units in the same timespan, it is noteworthy that the total population would have decreased weren't it for the increase in immigration; it is also noteworthy that this number only takes into account foreign citizens, thus excluding people who have subsequently acquired Portuguese nationality.[6] The largest group of foreigners is constituted by Brazilians (751 people or +89.17% since 2011), nationals of PALOP countries (527 people or +12.13% since 2011), Chinese (193 people or +46.21%), Spaniards (135 or +18.42% since 2011) and people from the Indian Subcontinent, most notably Nepalis and Indians, totaling 118 people, or recording an increase of +555.56% since 2011.[7]

Dealing with the foreign-born population, 13.02% of the parish's population was born abroad as of 2021. The most common countries of birth were PALOP countries (2,777 people), Brazil (1,234 people), France (224 people), China (185 people), and the Indian Subcontinent (185 people).[8] Of the Portuguese nationals born abroad, the most common countries of birth were PALOP countries (2,304 people) and Brazil (464 people), all countries having ancient historical ties with Portugal as well as a rooted migration history towards the country and who are, thus, more likely to have acquired Portuguese citizenship along the years.[9]

Moreover, as of 2021 in the parish there were 3,939 people who have entered Portugal after 2010, constituting 8.50% of the population. Of those with recent migrant background, 26.20% were Portuguese nationals returning from a period of emigration abroad.[10]

File:Tiles Of Life (62965599).jpeg
Elder in the parish of Lumiar. According to the 2021 Census, immigrants are younger than local residents.

Amongst the Portuguese, 5,474 had already lived abroad as of 2021 (12.54% of the Portuguese population). The majority of those having lived in Angola and Mozambique (2,651 people) entered Portugal in the Seventies (1,625 people or 61.30%), following the independence of the two former colonies (so called retornados). Those coming from countries hosting large Portuguese emigrant communities such as France, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg or Belgium (1,534 people) have mostly entered Portugal after 1991 (72.23%), probably due to the development of the Portuguese economy since its accession to the EU. Interestingly, 39.41% of the Portuguese nationals having lived in the UK and residing in the parish, has left the UK after 2016, (date of the Brexit referendum).[11]

If the whole population (regardless of the nationality held) is taken into account, then 21.57% of the parish's population has already lived abroad for at least one year as of 2021, with PALOP countries, EU countries, Brazil the United Kingdom and China being the most commonly cited countries of previous residence.[12]

Economy and Social conditions

Employment

In the parish of Lumiar there are 1,370 residents who, as of 2021, were unemployed. Of these, 39.85% received a state-fund subsidy or pension (41.34% in Lisbon).[13] In 2021 the unemployment rate in the parish is considerably lower than the one recorded for Lisbon and for Portugal as a whole, standing at 5.95%. In the same year, Portugal as a whole had an unemployment rate of 8.13% that has progressively decreased to 6.1% in 2023. As the statistics dealing with unemployment at the parish level are available only every 10 years, the current (2023) unemployment rate in Lumiar is unknown.[14][15] Amongst youth aged 15–24 the unemployment rate in 2021 in the parish stood at 18.19%, 2.62% lower than in the rest of the country.[16]

On the other hand, in 2021 21,651 residents were employed, of which 75.76% were employees and 21.42% were independent workers.[17] Below is the table showing the employment rate per age group. The low share of people aged 20–24 employed is due to the fact that many are still in education (e.g. university) while the low proportion of those in employment aged 60–64 is due to many being early pensioners.[18]

2021 Census data Age group
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Share of people in employment 29.67% 76.12% 82.43% 85.19% 85.54% 85.23% 81.63% 76.65% 62.22%

Dealing with commuting, the residents of Lumiar spent 21.48 minutes of daily commuting, 1 minute less than the average inhabitant of Lisbon.[19]

Social conditions

Dealing with overcrowding in the parish's households, 4.30% of the population lives in accommodations where they have less than 15 m2 per capita (8.71% for Lisbon and 5.65% in Portugal as a whole), while 49.99% live in houses with more than 40 m2 per capita (39.64% for Lisbon and 46.84% in Portugal as a whole).[20] There are 3,668.2 dwellings per km2 (3,200.5 for Lisbon and 64.9 in Portugal as a whole).[21]

67.6% of the population lives in owned dwellings as of 2021; this is significantly higher than the value recorded for Lisbon (50.3%) and slightly lower than the one recorded for Portugal (70%).[22] The average height of a residential building in Lumiar is 6.2 floors as of 2021[23] and the average area of a dwelling stands at 111.94 m2 (with the average in Lisbon-city 93.07 m2 being and in Portugal 112.45 m2).[24]

The average monthly rent value of leased dwellings recorded in 2021 stood at €512.04, 8.74% higher than the Lisbon average in the same year (€470.87).[25] It is nonetheless important to notice that the value of the rents is quite low because of many contracts stipulated decades ago, with 28.17% (25.34% in Lisbon) of the dwellers paying less than €150/month[26] because of the rent-freezing system that was adopted in Portugal in the late XX century, allowing that many people, now mostly elders, don't have to pay high rents.[27][28][29] Due to the housing crisis and inflation, in 2023 the average rent for new contracts (frozen contracts aren't concerned) stood in fact at €12-€13/m2 in Lumiar, meaning that for the average 111.94 m2 dwelling are necessary around €1,399/month.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

Dealing with housing prices, it is interesting to remark that if the median price per m2 stood at €1,993 for a house sold in early 2016, this value had risen to €2,748/m2 in early 2021 and to €3,483/m2 in 2023, experiencing a growth of +74.76% in just 7 years. In the same period the growth of house priced per m2 in Lisbon as a whole was +117.6%, from €1,875/m2 to €4,080/m2.[37]

Of the 1,900 residential buildings listed in the parish, 4.32% were built before 1919, 6.68% from 1919 to 1960, 44.95% from 1961 to 1990, 20.53% from 1991 to 2000 and 23.53% after 2001. Of the buildings built before 1919 97.56% had 1 to 3 floors, while in buildings built between 1981 and 2010 the proportion of buildings with 6 stories or more is 72.18%. Interestingly, the newer and higher the building the higher the probability of it being served by an elevator. For homes built before 1946, only 0.81% have access to an elevator as of 2021; this percentage ascends to 82.65% for buildings dating from 1981 to 2010.[38] Always with regard to amenities, 30.35% of the houses had access to air conditioning (20.98% in Lisbon), 79.23% to heating (69.62% in Lisbon) and 64.44% to a parking place (28.04% in Lisbon).[39][40][41]

As of 2021 there were 2,030 vacant dwelling in the parish.[42] Of the vacant dwellings, 887 are vacant for rental or with the purpose of being sold, while 1,143 are vacant for other reasons, often abandoned, awaiting their demolition or because a reason for conflict among heirs.[43][44][45][46][47] Moreover, as of 2023 106 apartments are registered as "Alojamento Local", meaning they have the license to be rent on platforms such as Booking.com or Airbnb.[48][49]

In the parish were also recorded 8 homeless people, of which 7 (87.5%) were males.[50] The parish is thus actively promoting initiatives aiming at helping people in situation of permanent of temporal homelessness.

Landmarks

File:Villa Sousa (Prémio Valmor 1912 8348.jpg
Villa in Alameda das Torres
File:Igreja de São João Baptista 8425.jpg
Saint John the Baptist church

Local landmarks and interesting places include one of the biggest public greenspace/urban parks in the city Quinta das Conchas e dos Lilases, the Paço do Lumiar, and several old palaces are also scattered throughout the neighbourhood.

Culture

File:Gaura Nitai Deities - ISKCON Lisbon.JPG
Gaura Nitai Deities, ISKCON Lisbon

The parish hosts numerous cultural institutions, such as Orlando Ribeiro Municipal Library. Other notable institutions include:

  • Associação Juvenil IGNISTUNA - Tuna Académica do Lumiar
  • Academia Musical 1.º de Junho
  • Academia Musical Joaquim Xavier Pinheiro
  • Academia União Familiar de Telheiras
  • Académico Clube de Ciências
  • Associação de Cultura e Recreio da Musgueira Norte.
  • Associação Popular do Lumiar
  • Associação de Residentes de Telheiras
  • Associação Sociocultural "A Festa"
  • Associação Sociocultural Recreativa e Desportiva da Mugueira Sul
  • Atlético Clube da Musgueira Sul
  • Associação de Moradores do bairro da Cruz Vermelha no Lumiar
  • Comunidade Hindu (lit. Hindu community)

Sports

File:Spanish national football team before the friendly match against Portugal in Lisbon, 17.05.1925.jpg
Spanish national football team before the friendly match against Portugal in Lumiar, May 1925

The freguesia is home to Academia do Lumiar, a basketball team of the Proliga (Portugal).

Other sports institutions include:

  • Grupo Desportivo e Recreativo Tunelense e Grupo Recreativo
  • Sporting Clube de Portugal
  • Grupo Recreativo e Desportivo Bairro da Cruz Vermelha
  • Grupo Desportivo das Calvanas
  • Clube Ténis Paço Lumiar
  • Centro Cultural Quinta de Nossa Senhora da Luz

Health

File:Hospital Pulido Valente 2022-02-09.png
Pulido Valente hospital

The parish is served by numerous hospitals, pharmacies and health centers.Examples of these facilities are, for instance:

  • Hospital da Força Aérea (lit. air force hospital)
  • Pulido Valente Hospital
  • Lumiar Health Center
  • Clínica CUF Alvalade
  • USF Alta de Lisboa
  • Centro de Medicina Subaquática e Hiperbárica (military hospital)
  • Campus de Saúde Militar (military hospital)

There are also numerous associations headquartered in the parish that deal with health, such as Sociedade Portuguesa Medicina Interna (Portuguese medical society)

Gardens and parks

The parish's largest public park is undoubtedly Quinta das Conchas e dos Lilases

Transportation

File:Campo-grande-station.jpg
Campo Grande station
File:Campo Grande (29669056956).jpg
Campo grande station

Lumiar is well connected by public transport. The Campo Grande interchange is one of the main transfer centers between public transport, with several metro, bus, tram and taxi lines.

Metro

The parish can be accessed through the following metro lines and stations:

Bus

Urban bus services are carried out by the municipal company Carris

Air

The parish is delimited on its eastern side by Lisbon airport facilities

Politics

Presidential elections

File:Resultados - Lumiar.png
Results of the 2021 presidential elections in Lumiar
Summary of the 24 January 2021 Portuguese presidential election resultsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidates Supporting parties First round
Votes %
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Social Democratic Party, People's Party 12,492 52.82
Ana Gomes People–Animals–Nature, LIVRE 4,347 18.38
André Ventura CHEGA 2,689 11.37
Tiago Mayan Gonçalves Liberal Initiative 1,936 8.19
João Ferreira Portuguese Communist Party, Ecologist Party "The Greens" 1,061 4.49
style="width: 5px" bgcolor=Template:Party color align="center" | Marisa Matias Left Bloc, Socialist Alternative Movement 807 3.14
Vitorino Silva React, Include, Recycle 319 1.35
Total valid 23,651 100.00
Template:EfnInvalid ballots 1.66
Registered voters/turnout 61.26
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Legislative elections

Election
[52][53][54][55] 		% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %
PS PPD

/ PSD

BE PCP

/ PEV

IL PAN L A CH PCTP

/ MRPP

ADN R.I.R. NC PNR

/ E

MPT PURP PPM PDR MAS PTP VP
2019 22.60 30.68 7.70 6.82 5.35 5.22 3.68 3.00 1.68 1.25 0.40 - 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.05 -
2021 18.30 33.67 3.64 2.55 3.52 13.31 1.72 3.88 0.05 4.72 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.05 0.05 0.08 - - - 0.09 0.16
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Local elections

Election
[56][57][58] 		% M % M % M % M % M % M % M
PPD/PSD.CDS-PP.A.MPT.PPM PS.L PCP-PEV IL BE CH PAN
2021 41.34 9 27.09 6 8.67 1 6.60 1 5.19 1 4.61 1 3.18 -
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Streets

File:Description adjacent to bust.JPG
Alvalade stadium entrance
File:Sporting Clube de Portugal vs Sporting Clube de Braga 01.jpg
Sporting Clube de Portugal vs Sporting Clube de Braga football match at Alvalade stadium
File:2010-03-07 14 05 37 Portugal-Alvalade.jpg
Alvalade stadium view
File:Male and female lion at Estádio Alvalade XXI.JPG
Lions, epitome of Sporting clube
File:Founders portrait at Estádio Alvalade XXI.JPG
Founders portrait at Estádio Alvalade
File:Antigo Estádio José Alvalade.jpg
Match at the old Alvalade stadium (demolished in 2003)
File:Estádio José Alvalade - Antigo - 01.jpg
Match at the old Alvalade stadium (demolished in 2003)
File:Juve Leo section.JPG
Juve Leo banner
File:Sugar model of the old Estádio de Alvalade at the new Estádio Alvalade XXI.JPG
Sugar model of the old Estádio de Alvalade at the new Estádio Alvalade
File:José Alvalade facade at Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon.png
José Alvalade facade at Estádio José Alvalade
File:Street view of Sporting CP logo.JPG
Street view of Sporting CP logo
File:Sporting CP Stadium, Lisbon (35236643585).jpg
Alvaláxia shopping centre at Alvalade stadium
File:Quinta das Conchas.jpg
Artificial lake in Quinta das Conchas park

The parish has 249 streets administered by the city council.[59] They are:

File:Qta. das Conchas - Lisboa (94533515).jpg
Quinta das Conchas

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Notes

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References

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  59. ↑ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (CML) - Toponímia de Lisboa

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External links

Template:Commonscatinline

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