Long-jawed orb weaver
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Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866.[1] They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.[2]
Systematics
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since October 2025[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., this family includes 45 genera:[3]
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- Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 – Argentina, Chile
- Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 – Hispaniola
- Atelidea Simon, 1895 – India, Sri Lanka
- Azilia Keyserling, 1881 – Central America to Peru
- Chrysometa Simon, 1894 – North America, South America
- Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 – North America, South America
- Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 – China
- Diphya Nicolet, 1849 – Madagascar, South Africa, Eastern Asia, Russia, South America
- Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Africa, Asia, Cuba, North to South America, Ocenia
- Doryonychus Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
- Dyschiriognatha Simon, 1893 – Brazil, Malaysia, Oceania
- Glenognatha Simon, 1887 – Africa, Asia, North America, South America, French Polynesia, Marquesas Islands. Introduced to Seychelles, St. Helena, Brazil, Ecuador, Galapagos
- Harlanethis Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 – Australia
- Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 – Hispaniola
- Homalometa Simon, 1898 – Cuba, Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, Lesser Antilles
- Iamarra Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 – Australia
- Leucauge White, 1841 – Africa, Asia, Oceania, Americas
- Leucognatha Wunderlich, 1992 – Kenya, Tanzania, Azores
- Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 – Asia, Oceania
- Meta C. L. Koch, 1835 – North Africa, Tanzania, South Africa, Asia, Australia, Madeira, Russia, Cuba, North America
- Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 – Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Mexico
- Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 –Africa, Europe, Asia. Introduced to Canada
- Metleucauge Levi, 1980 – Asia, Russia, United States
- Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia
- Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 – Chile
- Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 – China
- Nanometa Simon, 1908 – Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand
- Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 – Indonesia
- Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 – China, Japan
- Orsinome Thorell, 1890 – Asia, New Guinea
- Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 – Africa, Asia, Europe, Cuba, North America
- Parameta Simon, 1895 – Sierra Leone
- Parazilia Lessert, 1938 – DR Congo
- Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 – Comoros
- Pickardinella Archer, 1951 – Mexico
- Pinkfloydia Hormiga & Dimitrov, 2011 – Australia
- Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 – Sri Lanka
- Taraire Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 – New Zealand
- Tawhai Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 – New Zealand
- Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 – Worldwide
- Timonoe Thorell, 1898 – Myanmar
- Tylorida Simon, 1894 – West Africa, Asia to Australia
- Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 – China, India
- Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 – Japan, Korea, Taiwan
- Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 – Israel, Cyprus
Fossil genera
Several extinct, fossil genera have been described:[4]
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- †Anameta Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
- †Balticgnatha Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Corneometa Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Eometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Huergnina Selden & Penney, 2003 (Cretaceous, Las Hoyas, Spain)
- †Macryphantes Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
- †Palaeometa Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Palaeopachygnatha Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
- †Priscometa Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
- †Samlandicmeta Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
Formerly placed here
- Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 – now a synonym of Nanometa
- Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
- Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 – now a synonym of Nanometa
- Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
- Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha
See also
A few spiders in this family include:
References
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- ↑ Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
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- Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. PDF
External links
- Tree of Life Tetragnathidae
- Tatragnatha sp. Large format diagnostic photographs and information
- Reference Photos: Tetragnatha laboriosa
- Venusta Orchard Spider - Family Tetragnathidae
- Pictures of Tetragnatha sp. (free for noncommercial use)
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