List of voids

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File:Galaxy superclusters and galaxy voids.png
a map of galaxy voids

This is a list of voids in astronomy. Voids are particularly galaxy-poor regions of space between filaments, making up the large-scale structure of the universe. Some voids are known as supervoids.

In the tables, z is the cosmological redshift, c the speed of light, and h the dimensionless Hubble parameter, which has a value of approximately 0.7 (the Hubble constant H0 = h × 100 km s−1 Mpc−1). Mpc stands for megaparsec.

The co-ordinates (right ascension and declination) and distance given refer to the approximate center of the region.

Voids and supervoids

Largest voids

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Named voids

Name Coordinates Distance Diameter Data Notes
Local Void Template:RA Template:DEC cz=2500 km/s 60 Mpc [1]
Northern Local Supervoid 61 Mpc 104 Mpc Virgo Supercluster, Coma Supercluster, Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, Ursa Major–Lynx Supercluster, Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster, Sculptor Supercluster, Pavo–Corona Australes Supercluster form a sheet between the Northern Local Supervoid and the Southern Local Supervoid.[2] The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Boötes Void.[2] The Perseus–Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separating the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.[2]
Southern Local Supervoid 96 Mpc 112 Mpc
Giant Void Template:RA Template:DEC z=0.116 300–400 Mpc "Giant Void in NGH" or "AR-Lp 36"; NGH stands for "Northern Galactic Hemisphere"; discovered in 1988.[3] It is the largest void in the NGH where z<0.14.[4]
KBC Void 600 Mpc Void containing the Milky Way and Local Group[5]

[6][7]

Voids designated by their constellation

Name Coordinates Distance Diameter Data Notes
Boötes Void
(Great Void) 		Template:RA Template:DEC 150 Mpc 100 Mpc The Hercules Supercluster separates the Northern Local Void from the Boötes Void.[2] The Hercules Supercluster thus forms part of the near edge of the Boötes Void.[8]
Canis Major Void
Columba Void
Coma Void Discovered in 1975, along with the Coma Supercluster, it lies in front of the Coma Cluster.[9] It was the first void to be discovered and is approximately 1/3 as far away as the much larger Boötes Void.[10]
Corona Borealis Void
Eridanus Void This void is separated from the Sculptor void by a sheet of galaxies.[11]
Eridanus Supervoid
(Great Void) 		Template:RA Template:DEC z=1 150 Mpc The claimed Eridanus Supervoid or "Great Void", reported on 24 August 2007 by the NRAO from Very Large Array Sky Survey data.[12] This void, if real, would be much larger than the others listed here (except the Giant Void), about 300 Template:Hub Mpc in diameter and 1800–3000 Template:Hub Mpc distant (where h is the dimensionless Hubble parameter). It would be associated with (and be the explanation of) a cold spot in the cosmic microwave background at the sky location.

The evidence for such a "Great Void" is disputed by Smith and Huterer.[13] They showed that the claims made of observational evidence for such a void from survey data neglected systematic effects and did not account for a posteriori choices made in analyzing data.

Southern Eridanus Void The Southern Eridanus void is connected to the Eridanus void by a hole in the distribution of galaxies separating the two. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Southern Eridanus voids the size of (redshift) 1250 km/s appears to exist.[11]
Fornax Void
Hercules Void Template:RA Template:DEC cz=7000 km/s 3100 km/s [14] Discovered in 1979[8][15]
Hydra Void The Hydra Void lies beyond the Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster[16]
Leo Void Template:RA Template:DEC cz=4000 km/s [16]
Microscopium Void A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Microscopium voids the size of (redshift) 1250 km/s appears to exist. This is roughly 1/2 of Microscopium's diameter.[11]
Ophiuchus Void near Template:RA Template:DEC < 5000 km/s (the outer limit) perhaps 0–5000 km/s 25% of average universe density is the void density of matter.
The far end of this void is defined by the Ophiuchus Supercluster.[17]
Pegasus Void Template:RA Template:DEC cz=5500 km/s 40 Mpc [18] The Perseus–Pisces Supercluster and Pegasus Supercluster form a sheet separate the Northern Local Void and Southern Local Void from the Pegasus Void.[2]
Perseus–Pisces Void Template:RA Template:DEC cz=8000 km/s 3000 km/s Discovered in 1980,[15] it is also called the Perseus Void
Sagittarius Void
Sculptor Void Template:RA Template:DEC 34.8 Mpc/h Corresponds to SRSS1 Void 3 and SRSS2 Void 5[19] This void is separated from the Eridanus Void by a sheet of galaxies. A hole in the distribution of galaxies separating Sculptor and Southern Eridanus Voids the size of 1250 km/s appears to exist.[11] The Sculptor Void lies next to the Southern Wall or Southern Great Wall.
Taurus Void 30 Mpc The Taurus Void appears large and circular, and has walls of galaxies surrounding it. It lies next to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, and is the most visually identifiable. Several galaxies have been found to reside in the void, such as UGC 2627 and UGC 2629, both approximately 185 million light years away.[20]
[6][7]

Other voids

Designation Location Coordinates Distance Diameter Dimensions Notes
Bahcall & Soneira 1982 void z = 0.03 – 0.08 [21] This suspected void ranged 100 degrees across the sky, and has shown up on other surveys as several separate voids.

Voids by search or survey

Tully list

In 1985, Tully determined a local dominant supercluster plane, and found the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex.[22]

# Coordinates Distance Diameter Notes
(Template:Hub Mpc)
1 Template:RA Template:DEC 90 140
2 Template:RA Template:DEC 100 136
3 Template:RA Template:DEC 150 150
4 Template:RA Template:DEC 170 173
5 Template:RA Template:DEC 180 158 Boötes Void
6 Template:RA Template:DEC 190 171
7 Template:RA Template:DEC 190 174
8 Template:RA Template:DEC 250 170
9 Template:RA Template:DEC 280 229
10 Template:RA Template:DEC 310 243
11 Template:RA Template:DEC 310 270

B&B Abell-derived list

In a 1985 study of Abell clusters, 29 voids were determined, in the sphere z<0.1 around Earth.[23]

# Coordinates Distance Diameter Notes
(Template:Hub Mpc)
1 Template:RA Template:DEC 293 100
2 Template:RA Template:DEC 276 100
3 Template:RA Template:DEC 284 100
4 Template:RA Template:DEC 275 150
5 Template:RA Template:DEC 300 100
6 Template:RA Template:DEC 220 100
7 Template:RA Template:DEC 180 120
8 Template:RA Template:DEC 137 140
9 Template:RA Template:DEC 262 200
10 Template:RA Template:DEC 285 110
11 Template:RA Template:DEC 219 110
12 Template:RA Template:DEC 293 120
13 Template:RA Template:DEC 206 110
14 Template:RA Template:DEC 276 100
15 Template:RA Template:DEC 272 150
16 Template:RA Template:DEC 237 100
17 Template:RA Template:DEC 105 110
18 Template:RA Template:DEC 154 200 Boötes Void
19 Template:RA Template:DEC 297 110
20 Template:RA Template:DEC 265 210
21 Template:RA Template:DEC 283 160
22 Template:RA Template:DEC 286 140
23 Template:RA Template:DEC 295 110
24 Template:RA Template:DEC 291 130
25 Template:RA Template:DEC 110 100
26 Template:RA Template:DEC 237 100
27 Template:RA Template:DEC 155 130
28 Template:RA Template:DEC 284 160
29 Template:RA Template:DEC 203 120

SSRS1 list

A redshift survey of galaxies in the southern sky in 1988, out to a distance of 120 Mpc/h, revealed some voids.[24]

# Coordinates Distance
(V) 		Dimensions
W × H × D
(Template:Hub Mpc) 		Constellation Notes
1 Template:RA Template:DEC 3000 km/s 30 × 30 × 40 Phoenix/Eridanus Located just behind the galaxy concentration in Eridanus-Fornax-Dorado
2 Template:RA Template:DEC 5000 km/s 30 × 30 × 30 Capricornus/Microscopium
3 Template:RA Template:DEC 6000 km/s 70 × 30 × 50 Sculptor/Grus
4 Template:RA Template:DEC 9000 km/s 50 × 100 × 50 Horologium/Eridanus

SSRS2 list

In 1994, a redshift survey in the southern sky identified 18 voids, 11 of which are major voids.[19]

# Coordinates Distance
(r) 		Diameter
(Template:Hub Mpc) 		Constellation Notes
1 Template:RA Template:DEC 85.7 54.3 Cetus major void
2 Template:RA Template:DEC 99.7 56.2 Fornax major void SRSS1 Void 4
3 Template:RA Template:DEC 107.2 60.8 Aquarius major void
4 Template:RA Template:DEC 66.7 35.6 Capricornus major void
5 Template:RA Template:DEC 53.0 34.8 Aquarius/Sculptor major void SRSS1 Void 3 (Sculptor Void)
6 Template:RA Template:DEC 56.5 32.0 Eridanus major void
7 Template:RA Template:DEC 77.2 25.5 Eridanus major void
8 Template:RA Template:DEC 83.9 27.8 Aquarius major void
9 Template:RA Template:DEC 114.6 39.0 Eridanus major void
10 Template:RA Template:DEC 104.7 34.8 Cetus major void
11 Template:RA Template:DEC 112.8 42.9 Sculptor major void
12 Template:RA Template:DEC 74.8 25.0 Piscis Austrinus/Sculptor
13 Template:RA Template:DEC 31.0 22.1 Cetus SRSS1 Void 1
14 Template:RA Template:DEC 87.2 21.3 Piscis Austrinus/Microscopium
15 Template:RA Template:DEC 116.1 27.3 Microscopium
16 Template:RA Template:DEC 36.5 20.3 Capricornus
17 Template:RA Template:DEC 32.1 19.0 Eridanus
18 Template:RA Template:DEC 85.9 21.1 Eridanus

1994 EEDTA Whole Sky Survey

A 1994 census lists a total of 27 supervoids within a cube of 740 Mpc a side, centered on us (z=0.1 distant sphere).[25]

# Coordinates
(B1950.0) 		Distance
(Mpc/h) 		Diameter
(Mpc/h)
[Note 1] 		Notes
1 19.0° Template:DEC 134 88
2 28.2° Template:DEC 207 96
3 34.8° Template:DEC 216 72
4 36.6° Template:DEC 241 86
5 37.8° Template:DEC 129 92
6 46.0° Template:DEC 236 72
7 62.0° Template:DEC 248 100
8 71.2° Template:DEC 201 76
9 121.7° Template:DEC 96 112 Southern Local Supervoid
10 130.0° Template:DEC 246 144
11 140.4° Template:DEC 160 92
12 146.9° Template:DEC 227 106
13 153.1° Template:DEC 246 94
14 159.9° Template:DEC 167 68
15 161.6° Template:DEC 241 98
16 167.4° Template:DEC 222 74
17 186.9° Template:DEC 216 94
18 196.8° Template:DEC 119 102
19 204.8° Template:DEC 119 108
20 214.6° Template:DEC 216 78 Boötes Void
(Great Void)
21 216.7° Template:DEC 143 116
22 219.8° Template:DEC 246 96
23 220.2° Template:DEC 219 72
24 256.1° Template:DEC 61 104 Northern Local Supervoid
25 353.0° Template:DEC 198 74
26 356.6° Template:DEC 246 80
27 358.9° Template:DEC 241 70

Galactic Anti-Center IRAS search

In a 1995 study of IRAS data looking for large-scale structure in the Galactic Anticenter in the Zone of Avoidance, four voids were discovered.[26]

# Coordinates
(B1950.0) 		Distance
(km/s) 		Dimensions Notes
V0 Template:RA Template:DEC 1000 96°×36°×2000 km/s
V1 Template:RA Template:DEC 3750 15°×36°×3500 km/s V1 and V2 are connected, and block the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster from traversing the Zone of Avoidance.
V2 Template:RA Template:DEC 8000 25°×14°×2000 km/s V1 and V2 are connected, and block the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster from traversing the Zone of Avoidance.
V3 Template:RA Template:DEC 7000 30°×20°×2000 km/s This void lies in front of the CfA2 Great Wall.

IRAS list

Analysis of the IRAS redshift survey in 1997 revealed 24 voids, 12 of which were termed "significant"[27]

# Supergalactic Coordinates
(r,X,Y,Z) 		Diameter
(Template:Hub Mpc) 		Data Notes
1 (55.2,−10.4,−53.8,6.1) 51.0 significant void
2 (49.6,−25.3,31.4,−28.9) 43.8 significant void
3 (46.0,−24.8,26.7,28.1) 44.5 significant void
4 (46.5,8.7,24.7,38.4) 45.0 significant void (Local Void)
5 (32.0,−13.0,−23.9,−16.9) 36.0 significant void
6 (51.5,17.0,−32.2,36.4) 41.4 significant void
7 (57.1,31.2,44.9,16.5) 43.5 significant void
8 (60.4,−25.8,−22.7,−49.7) 39.5 significant void
9 (49.8,35.9,−25.6,−23.0) 36.0 significant void
10 (63.3,−48.0,−40.9,6.0) 33.6 significant void (Sculptor Void)
11 (48.6,11.8,46.6,−6.9) 32.0 significant void
12 (49.9,−15.6,−35.7,31.3) 31.5 significant void
13 (62.8,14.2,29.3,−53.7) 40.3
14 (19.0,0.7,−16.4,9.6) 28.8
15 (37.6,32.4,−17.0,8.6) 30.4 Perseus–Pisces Void

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This is the diameter of the largest sphere one can describe inside the void that contains no superclusters. Some voids have an elongated shape, so this diameter may underrepresent the size of some voids.

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ "The Northern Cone of Metagalaxy" (Kopylov et al. 1988)
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b SIMBAD, "list of objects in '*void' wildcard search" (accessed 15 September 2009)
  7. ↑ a b SIMBAD, "list of objects of type 'vid'" (accessed 15 September 2009)
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ NASA, "Cosmic Distance Scale"
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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