List of visionary tall buildings and structures

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Template:Short description

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This is a list of buildings and other structures that have been envisioned.

File:XSeed4000BurjDubaiComparison.jpg
The X-Seed 4000 is one of the tallest structures ever conceived. Shown in this image is the Burj Khalifa (Script error: No such module "convert".), tallest structure in the world at the time of completion in 2010 to this year (Template:Currentyear), and the X-Seed 4000 project (Script error: No such module "convert".).

The definition of 'vision' is that used by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.[1] The list does not include under construction buildings; these are listed at Template:Slink.

Envisioned structures

Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Name Height Year of proposal Type Main Use Country Place Description Floors
The Space Elevator Script error: No such module "convert". 1895 Massive space tether

Space tourism, space exploration, and space colonization

File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg UAE[2][3]
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan[4]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[5]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[6]
File:Flag of the United States.svg USA[7]

Pacific OceanTemplate:Efn An extraordinarily long cable, anchored on or near the equator, held up by the rotation of the Earth. N/A
The Orbital Ring Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert". of minimal height 1982 Suspended ring structure around Earth

Space tourism/exploration/colonization, space manufacturing, telecommunication, and space-based solar power[8]

undetermined undetermined The orbital ring is a concept of an artificial ring shaped cable placed around Earth and set rotating at such a rate that the apparent centrifugal force is large enough to counteract the force of gravity.[9][10][11] A motorized platform is placed on the cable that runs in the opposite direction to the rotation of the ring at a speed that makes the platform become stationary relative to the ground. The advantage of this concept is its much lower altitude compared to a space elevator which has to maintain its center of mass around geostationary orbit. Multiple tethers can be connected from an orbital ring to the ground enabling mass-transport to space.[8] N/A
The Launch Loop Script error: No such module "convert". 1981 Suspended Maglev track

Space tourism, space exploration, and space colonization

undetermined undetermined The launch loop is a concept that has been proposed for the purposes of orbital launch.[12] N/A
Scaled-down space elevator Script error: No such module "convert". 2009 Pneumatic tower

Tourism, communications, wind generation, and reduced cost space launch.[13]

undetermined undetermined A sub-orbital or mini version.[14] The structure would be free standing and actively guyed over its base.[13] N/A
StarTram Generation 2 Script error: No such module "convert". 2001 Suspended Maglev track Space tourism, space exploration, and space colonization Template:Flagu undetermined Proposed concept for orbital launches. It has a long (1000–1500 km) vacuum tube, levitated via strong currents in superconducting cables N/A
Tokyo Tower of Babel[15] Script error: No such module "convert". 1992 Arcology Mixed use Template:Flagu Tokyo Would house roughly 30 million people and take 100–150 years to build. The cost would be around ¥3 quadrillion ($22 trillion). 1000+
Arconic Tower (Jetsons Tower) Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu San Francisco It was designed by Arconic and became the tallest envisioned building in the United States, surpassing the Ultima Tower, envisioned for the same city. 984
Saud Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2024 Arcology + Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Neom This Concept Of A Vertical City Will House 500,000 People And Would Have AI Powered Technology. 979-3000
X-Seed 4000 Script error: No such module "convert". 1995 Arcology Residential, commercial, retail real estate, as well as heavy industry Template:Flagu Tokyo Would accommodate five hundred thousand to one million inhabitants 800
Ultima Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1991 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu San Francisco Designed by American architect Eugene Tsui in 1991 500
Dubai City Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2008 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Dubai Six buildings entwining a central core 400
Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid Script error: No such module "convert". 1996 Arcology Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Tokyo The Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid is a proposed project for construction of a massive pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan. The structure would be approximately 14 times as high as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and would house 750,000 people. If built, it will be the largest man-made structure on Earth. 390
The Dutch Mountain Script error: No such module "convert". 2012 Artificial Mountain Tourism, leisure, commercial and wind generation Template:Flagu Flevoland "De Nederlandse Berg", Dutch for "The Dutch Mountain" is a proposal for an artificial mountain by Thijs Zonneveld.[16][17][18][19] N/A
Rise Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2022 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Riyadh 678
Millennium Challenge Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2005 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Kuwait City Designed by architect Omero Marchetti as part of his proposed "ethic city" concept. The aims of the project are to reach a nautical mile in height while "not using concrete, orthogonal grids, traditional systems, mortars, [and] cranes."[20] If built, the tower would reach Script error: No such module "convert".. 575
Times Squared 3015 Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Vertical city Mixed use Template:Flagu New York City 321
Sky Mile Tower Script error: No such module "convert".[21] 2015 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Tokyo Would serve as a dam and supply water to its 55,000 residents. 421
Xtopia Script error: No such module "convert". 2010 Skyscraper Multiple Template:Flagu Shanghai Xtopia is a concept building for a 300-floor high-rise self-contained community. 300
New City Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2007 Arcology Mixed use Template:Flagu London 500
MOTHER Script error: No such module "convert". 1991 Arcology Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Tokyo 220
Edison Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Vertical city Mixed use Template:Flagu New York City 296
Bionic Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1997 Arcology Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Shanghai and Hong Kong have both expressed serious interest Designed by architects Eloy Celaya, Mª Rosa Cervera and Javier Gómez Pioz; would house about 100,000 people. 300
Ziggurat Pyramid Script error: No such module "convert". 2008 Arcology Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Dubai Ziggurat Pyramid is a pyramid-shaped arcology that was conceived for Dubai in 2008. The structure was designed to house nearly one million people and would be self-sustainable with all-natural energy sources. Like the pyramids of the Mayans and Egyptians, this structure in Dubai would be a giant; it would cover 2.3 square kilometers and would be able to sustain a community of up to one million people. +300
Jakarta Mixed Use Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Jakarta This tower is vision to build in Jakarta, with tall about 1200m. 200
The Bride Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Basra Designed by AMBS Architects 241
Orbita Residence Script error: No such module "convert". 2004 Skyscraper Residential Template:Flagu São Paulo Orbita Residence is a proposed 1112 meter tall 265 floor skyscraper in São Paulo Brazil. It is the tallest visionary building in Brazil ever designed. 265
Murjan Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Manama Designed by architect Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S[22] 200
Wadala Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2014 Skyscraper garden, hotel, museum, office, and residential Template:Flagu Mumbai When completed, the mix-use Wadala Tower would be one of the tallest of its kind in the world 200
Burj Mubarak Al Kabir Script error: No such module "convert". 2007 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Madinat al-Hareer By Eric Kuhne and AssociatesScript error: No such module "Unsubst". 234
Green Float Script error: No such module "convert". 2010 Arcology Mixed use Template:Flagu Tokyo Would be able to house up to 40,000 people N/A
Hyperbuilding Script error: No such module "convert". 1996 Vertical city Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Bangkok Designed by OMA 250
Sky City 1000 Script error: No such module "convert". 1989 Arcology Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Tokyo Aimed at helping put an end to major congestion and lack of greenspace in the Tokyo; 400 m (1,312 ft) wide at the base for a total floor area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi); drawn by construction firm Takenaka for the city of Tokyo in 1989, its design was the first of the modern super-tall mega-structures to gain serious attention and consideration by any government 196
Oblisco Capitale Script error: No such module "convert". 2018 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu New Administrative Capital 210
Buenos Aires Forum Script error: No such module "convert". 2009 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Buenos Aires 200
Europa Tower (Brussels) Script error: No such module "convert". 1993 Skyscraper Office, observation, restaurant Template:Flagu Brussels Designed by L35 Arquitectos; articulated in nine modules;[23][24] 200
Miapolis Script error: No such module "convert". 2009 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Miami Designed by Kobi Karp Architect 160
Sewun International Finance Center Script error: No such module "convert". 2002 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Seoul 223
Permeable Lattice City Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Arcology Mixed use Template:Flagu Singapore Designed by WOHA Architect 276
Sepet Gokdelen Script error: No such module "convert". 2001 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Istanbul Designed by GAD Architecture 184
Nansha Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Guangzhou 165
China Resources Hubei Old Village Redevelopment Script error: No such module "convert". 2013 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Shenzhen 150
The Spire at Ras Al Khaimah Script error: No such module "convert". 2008 Skyscraper Residential, office, hotel, observation Template:Flagu Ras Al Khaimah Designed by Murphy/Jahn Architects 140
Millennium Tower (Tokyo) Script error: No such module "convert". 1989 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Tokyo By Norman Foster 180
Sky City (Changsha) Script error: No such module "convert". 2012 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Changsha 202
DIB-200 Script error: No such module "convert". 1993 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Tokyo Proposed by Kajima Construction; designed by Sadaaki Masuda and Scott Howe 200
Future City Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2012 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Shenzhen 163
Doha Vertical City Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Vertical city Mixed use Template:Flagu Doha 180
The Mandragore Script error: No such module "convert". 2020 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu New York City 160
Shimao Shenzhen–Hong Kong International Centre Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Hotel, office Template:Flagu Shenzhen 148
BUMN Tower 700 m

(2,297 ft)

2011 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Nusantara ~150
Buji Tower 1 Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Shenzhen 120
Princesa Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2018 Observation tower Leisure, retail, and observation Template:Flagu Puerto Princesa 120
World Centre for Vedic Learning Script error: No such module "convert". 2000 Skyscraper Religion, residential, commercial, and education Template:Flagu Jabalpur Designed by Minoru Yamasaki & Associates 160
Dream Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2009 Skyscraper Commercial and retail real estate Template:Flagu Seoul [25] 150
Bengaluru Turf Tower Script error: No such module "convert". N/A Skyscraper Residential Template:Flagu Bangalore N/A 157
Incheon Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2007 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Incheon N/A 151
Gateway Tower (Chicago) Script error: No such module "convert". 2016 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Chicago Designed by American architectural firm Gensler as a replacement for the Chicago Spire 127
The Big Bend Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Skyscraper Residential Template:Flagu New York City N/A N/A
The Blade Script error: No such module "convert". 2016 Skyscraper Hotel Template:Flagu Riyadh N/A 128
Three Empire Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2002 Skyscraper Hotel, restaurant and office Template:Flagu Istanbul Designed by Edifice International 150
Malaya 115 Script error: No such module "convert". N/A Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Kuala Lumpur 115
Port Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Karachi Approved for construction 130
Tashkent Twin City Towers Script error: No such module "convert". 2024 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Tashkent Proposed Skyscraper complex at New Tashkent City Masterplan 119
Diamond Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2012 Skyscraper Office, residential Template:Flagu Phnom Penh 85
CP Makkasan Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2020 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Bangkok Proposed Skyscraper complex at Makkasan station 120
Hudson Spire Script error: No such module "convert". 2014 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu New York Proposed by a developer from Tishman Speyer as part of Manhattan's Hudson Yards development; would be the tallest in the Western Hemisphere 110
Al Noor Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2014 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Casablanca Would become Africa's tallest building if completed 114
Thompson Center Redevelopment Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Chicago N/A 115
ETC Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2019 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu London Would become United Kingdom's tallest building if completed 111
The Golden Dome Dubai Script error: No such module "convert". 2004 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Dubai The Golden Dome Hotel 6 star, Residential, Office, Sport, Retail, Restaurant, and Observation. 120
Asia Plaza Script error: No such module "convert". 1997 Skyscraper Commercial Template:Flagu Kaohsiung It is a part of the Asia Plaza Tri-Tower Complex, that comprise three buildings, located in the new CBD of Asia New Bay Area.[26][27] 103
GIFT Diamond Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2002 Skyscraper Commercial Template:Flagu Gandhinagar Diamond Tower and the core CBD of GIFT will comprise a total of Script error: No such module "convert"..[28] 87
Solar updraft tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2001 Power plant Power generation Template:Flagu Buronga, New South Wales N/A
Tehran World Trade Center Script error: No such module "convert". 2018 Skyscraper Office Template:Flagu Tehran 72
888 2nd Avenue Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2013 skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Seattle 77
Hotel Attraction Script error: No such module "convert". 1909 Skyscraper Mixed Use Template:Flagu New York City Designed by Antonio Gaudí, it would have been the tallest building in the world with only eleven floors, including a hotel, art galleries and a museum with a replica of the Statue of Liberty. 11
Empire 88 Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2020 skyscraper Hotel, residential Template:Flagu Ho Chi Minh City 88
Time Square Da Nang Script error: No such module "convert". 2022 Skyscraper Mixed use File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Da Nang Times Square Danang is a high-end luxury development with over 85% of units having a direct view of the sea in Da Nang. Each apartment in Da Nang Times Square is delicately and artistically created in the style of modern European architecture, incorporating a full range of new 5-star standard services and facilities that buyers are promised. Indulge in a stylish and appealing setting. N/A

Cancelled and scrapped projects

Name Pinnacle height Year of first proposal Structure type Main use Country City Year of projected completion Description
Houston Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1979 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, leisure real estate, office Template:Flagu Houston Never begun The Houston Tower was an envisioned skyscraper that would have been nearly Script error: No such module "convert". tall (6864 ft/2092 m) and taken up 16 city blocks in Houston.
Aeropolis 2001 Script error: No such module "convert". 1989 Arcology Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Tokyo Never begun The Aeropolis 2001 was a proposed project for construction of a massive 500-story high-rise building over Tokyo Bay in Japan. It was proposed to be a 2,000 m (6,562 ft) high building.
Tour de 2000 mètres Script error: No such module "convert". 1937 Observation tower Leisure and observation Template:Flagu Issy-les-Moulineaux 1940 (cancelled in 1937)
The Illinois Script error: No such module "convert". 1956 Skyscraper Commercial, Residential, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Chicago Never begun The Illinois, envisioned by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, was to be a mile high (1609 m / 5280 ft) skyscraper in Chicago.
Azerbaijan Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2012 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Baku 2020 (cancelled in 2019) Was planned as part of the proposed "Khazar Islands" project. Construction was started in 2015, then construction of the project was quickly halted, and finally cancelled in 2019. [29]
1 Dubai Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Unknown Template:Flagu Dubai 2010 (cancelled in 2009) 1 Dubai is a proposal in Dubai to planned to be completed, but in 2009, it was cancelled.
Nakheel Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2003 Skyscraper residential, hotel, office Template:Flagu Dubai 2020 (cancelled 2009) Cancelled due to financial problems.
Sky City (Changsha) Script error: No such module "convert". 2013 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Changsha 2014 (cancelled 2014) Cancelled due to concerns over the building's impact on the local environment.[30]
World Trade Center Chicago Script error: No such module "convert". 1986 Skyscraper Office Template:Flagu Chicago (Cancelled in 1992)

Canceled by Stanley Raskow due to lack of investors.

Dubai One Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Skyscraper Residential, hotel, observation, restaurant and conference Template:Flagu Dubai 2023 (Cancelled in 2021) Dubai One is a proposal in Dubai to planned to be completed in 2023, but in 2021, it was cancelled.
India Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2010 Skyscraper residential / hotel / office Template:Flagu Mumbai (Cancelled 2015) In May 2011 Mumbai's civic building proposals department issued a stop-work order due to a payment dispute with the developers, halting the tower's construction indefinitely. The tower was cancelled on 16 October 2015.
Phare du Monde Script error: No such module "convert". 1934 Concrete observation tower Leisure and retail real estate Template:Flagu Paris 1937 (construction never begun) Phare du Monde, was a project for a 701 metre tall observation tower for the world exhibition in Paris, 1937. It was planned as a concrete tower similar to a modern TV tower, but also with a ramp for drive up access.
Fanhai Centre Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Wuhan 2027 (cancelled in 2020) The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over Script error: No such module "convert".. It will be replaced by the 477 meter Fanhai Centre.
Eaton's / John Maryon Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1974 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Toronto 1980 (cancelled in 1974) It was cancelled because it was considered "too tall" at the time and due to lack of funding. 503 metres to roof height, and 686 metres pinnacle. It had a triangular prism shape with a massive spire protruding from the roof. Its site was replaced by The Aura, a 275 metre tall skyscraper.
Shenwan Station Towers Plot DU01-01 Script error: No such module "convert". 2013 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Shenzhen 2030 (cancelled in 2019) The project was canceled because the site did not allow buildings measuring more than 400 m. The project was replaced by shorter towers.
Grollo Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1997 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Melbourne 2004 (cancelled 2001) Construction was cancelled on the Grollo Tower (named after the architect) in Melbourne's developing Dockland precinct in April 2001 after Melbourne's Docklands Authority ruled it out of the tender for development of the Batman Hill's precinct due to disagreements over who would pay for infrastructure improvements. The area is now occupied by a mixture of smaller commercial and residential buildings. The Grollo Tower would have been the world's tallest building at the time at 560 m (1837 ft) tall, down from the originally planned Script error: No such module "convert". height, and still would have been the tallest building in the southern hemisphere.
Tianfu Center Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Office Template:Flagu Chengdu 2025 (cancelled in 2020) The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over. Originally it was going to have 677 meters and 157 floors, but it was reduced to a building of 489 meters and 95 floors.
Millenium Tower Las Vegas Script error: No such module "convert". 2001 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Las Vegas 2001 (cancelled in 2002) Millennium Tower was proposed to be Script error: No such module "convert". as the tallest building in the world, but it was cancelled in 2002 because of its massive height.
Hanzheng Jie Project Tower 1 Script error: No such module "convert". 2011 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Wuhan 2026 (cancelled in 2020) The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over Script error: No such module "convert"..
PAGCOR Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2008 Observation tower Leisure and observation facilities Template:Flagu Manila Cancelled in 2010 Originally part of the plans for the PAGCOR Entertainment City, the project was scrapped due to various reasons including air traffic regulations due to close proximity to Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Anara Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2008 Skyscraper Mixed Use Template:Flagu Dubai Cancelled In 2013 The 135 Story Anara Tower Was Proposed To Be 655 Meters Tall. It Was Cancelled In 2013
Warsaw radio mast Script error: No such module "convert". Original in 1968, Replacement in 1992 Guyed mast VHF-UHF transmission Template:Flagu Warsaw 1997 (cancelled 1995) Until late 1995, there were plans to rebuild the collapsed Script error: No such module "convert". Warsaw Radio Mast to its previous height on the same site, using the basements of the old mast. Although some refurbishment of the basements started, work was canceled after violent protests by local residents, who feared harmful radiation effects from the high-power transmitter served by the antenna. A new transmission facility with two smaller masts measuring was built as a replacement in 1998–99 at Solec Kujawski.
Seoul Light Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2000 Skyscraper Mixed Use Template:Flagu Seoul cancelled in 2011 This building was the proposed landmark building of Digital Media City. Its construction started in 2009, but it was cancelled at 2011 because of conflict between the City of Seoul and the developer company.
Changchun World Trade Center Script error: No such module "convert". 2017 Skyscraper Serviced, apartments, hotel, and office Template:Flagu Changchun 2028 (cancelled in 2020) The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over Script error: No such module "convert"..
Al-Aman World Capital Center 625 meters (2051 feet) 2017 Skyscraper Residential / Serviced Apartments / Hotel / Office / Retail Template:Flagu Colombo 2023 (cancelled in 2019) Would be the tallest building in Sri Lanka.
Triple One Script error: No such module "convert". 2007 Skyscraper Mixed Use Template:Flagu Seoul 2020 (cancelled in 2013) The Triple One, Script error: No such module "convert". tall, is a proposed building in Yongsan Dreamhub designed by Renzo Piano and 112 floors to be tallest building in South Korea.
Rama IX Super Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Skyscraper Mixed Use Template:Flagu Bangkok 2026 (cancelled in 2020) The Grand Rama 9 Tower, (formerly known as Rama IX Super Tower), was a proposed skyscraper in Bangkok, Thailand but has been cancelled. It was planned to be 615 m (2,018 ft) tall.
Philippine Diamond Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2014 Observation tower Leisure, observation, and broadcast Template:Flagu Quezon City 2019 (construction never begun; projected to be completed within three years) The observation tower's height of Script error: No such module "convert". is meant to signify the date of the Philippine declaration of independence (June 12).
Russia Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Moscow 2016 (cancelled in 2009) Halted in 2008 due to the financial crisis and finally canceled in 2009. Neva Towers were built later on Russia Tower's site.
Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers Script error: No such module "convert". 2011 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and hotel Template:Flagu Chicago 2022 (cancelled in 2014) Cancelled due to the dissolution of the construction company and abandonment of the project.
7 South Dearborn Script error: No such module "convert". 1999 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate as well as communications facilities Template:Flagu Chicago 2004 (cancelled in 2000 due to lack of funding) 7 South Dearborn in Chicago was planned in 1999 to be Script error: No such module "convert"..
Chicago Spire Script error: No such module "convert". 2005 Skyscraper Residential real estate Template:Flagu Chicago Cancelled in 2014[31] The Chicago Spire designed by Santiago Calatrava was intended to be the tallest building in the western hemisphere as well as the tallest residential building in the world. It was abandoned in 2008 due to financial problems.[31]
Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle Script error: No such module "convert". 1988 Skyscraper Commercial, and Residential real estate Template:Flagu Chicago 1994 (cancelled 1992) Plans to revive the project were scuttled when one of the principals was murdered by serial killer Andrew Cunanan.
New Metropolitan Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2011 Television Tower Communication and observation Template:Flagu Saitama Cancelled in 2011 This project has been removed and switched to the construction of Tokyo Skytree.
Baoneng Binhu Center T1 Script error: No such module "convert". 2014 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Hefei 2024 (cancelled in 2020) The project was canceled along with other projects in 2020 due to China's new prohibition of skyscrapers over Script error: No such module "convert".. The project was replaced by shorter, 499-meter tall tower.[32]
Shenwan Station Towers Plot DU02-01 Script error: No such module "convert". 2013 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Shenzhen 2030 (cancelled in 2019) The project was canceled because the site did not allow buildings measuring more than 400 m. The project was replaced by shorter towers.
International Business Center Script error: No such module "convert". 2007 Skyscraper Commercial real estate Template:Flagu Seoul 2013 (cancelled 2008) International Business Center was a proposed skyscraper to be constructed in Seoul, South Korea for a height of Script error: No such module "convert"., it was to have 130 floors planned to be completed in 2013.
Crown Las Vegas Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, and retail real estate Template:Flagu Las Vegas 2006 (cancelled in 2008) Crown Las Vegas was proposed to be Script error: No such module "convert"., but it was cancelled in 2008 after 2 major redesigns.
Kowloon MTR Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2000 Skyscraper Office Template:Flagu Hong Kong 2009 (cancelled 2001) Now built as the International Commerce Center.
Entisar Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2012 Skyscraper Residential and Hotel Template:Flagu Dubai 2020 (cancelled in 2023) In 2012, Meydan Group announced the Entisar Tower, Construction was halted in 2017 due Dubai's civic building proposals department issued a stop-work order due to a payment dispute with developers, The tower was canceled in December 2023. It was replaced by Burj Azizi.
Grollo Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2001 Skyscraper Residential and Commercial real estate Template:Flagu Melbourne 2001 (cancelled in 2004) Revised version of the Grollo Tower shown above.
Meraas Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2008 Skyscraper Convention, commercial and retail spaces Template:Flagu Dubai 2015 (Cancelled in 2009) The tower was never built, and was canceled in 2009.
New York Stock Exchange Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1997 Skyscraper Office Template:Flagu New York City 2004 (cancelled 2001) The 546 m tall, 140 story tower was cancelled in 2001 due to 9/11.
Grant USA Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1970 Skyscraper Commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Newark, New Jersey 1986 (cancelled 1986) The Grant USA Tower was planned by developer Harry Grant, who started New York Apple Tours. The building was to be completed in 1986 and to be the tallest hotel, tallest building and tallest structure. Harry Grant went bankrupt and the building never broke ground.[33]
Time 108 City 520 meters (1706 feet) 2018 Skyscraper Template:Flagu Yangon (New Yangon City) Would be the tallest building in Myanmar
Television City Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1985 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu New York City 1988 (cancelled 1985) The 510 m tall, 150 story, Helmut Jahn-designed tower proposed by Donald Trump in New York, United States was cancelled in 1988 due to serious local opposition.
Burj Al Alam Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Office, hotel, restaurant, observation deck and retail Template:Flagu Dubai 2012 (cancelled 2013) Foundation work started. Construction halted in 2009 and finally cancelled in 2013.
Eaton's / John Maryon Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1971 Skyscraper Commercial and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Toronto 1976 (cancelled 1972) Eaton's / John Maryon Tower was a planned Script error: No such module "convert". (686m to spire) tall building in Toronto in 1971.
Parkhaven Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2001 Skyscraper Hotel, Office and Residential Template:Flagu Rotterdam 2008 (cancelled in 2002) Parkhaven Tower was a planned Script error: No such module "convert". (roof height 392 m) tall, 98-storied building in Rotterdam that was slated to be the tallest building in Europe. Construction was never begun, and cancelled in 2002.
10 Columbus Circle Script error: No such module "convert". 1986 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu New York 1987 (cancelled 1986) The 500 m tall, 137 story, 10 Columbus Circle in New York, United States was cancelled in 1987.
Dragon Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1996 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu Jakarta 2002 (cancelled 1998) The 500 m tall, 101 story, Dragon Tower was cancelled in 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis.
Kaisa Feng Long Center Script error: No such module "convert". 2011 Skyscraper Hotel / office Template:Flagu Shenzhen 2012 (cancelled 2011)
Shenwan Station Towers Plot DU01-03 Script error: No such module "convert". 2013 Skyscraper Residential and commercial Template:Flagu Shenzhen 2030 (cancelled in 2019) The project was canceled because the site did not allow buildings measuring more than 400 m. The project was replaced by shorter towers.
City Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2015 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Ho Chi Minh City 2022 (cancelled 2017) The 462 m tall, 86 story, Empire City Tower was cancelled in 2017.
The Hyperboloid Script error: No such module "convert". 1956 Skyscraper Residential, commercial, retail, and leisure real estate Template:Flagu New York City 1959 (cancelled 1957) The 108 story Hyperboloid designed by I. M. Pei was cancelled in 1957. Now built as the Metlife Tower.
Brisbane Central Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1987 Skyscraper Unknown Template:Flagu Brisbane 1987 (cancelled in 1993)
Minuzzo Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1993 Skyscraper Unknown Template:Flagu Brisbane 1993 (cancelled in 1995)
Twin Towers 2 Script error: No such module "convert". 2004 Skyscraper Office, observation, communication Template:Flagu New York City 2018 (cancelled in 2010)
CBD-1 Script error: No such module "convert". 1993 Skyscraper Unknown Template:Flagu Sydney 1995 (cancelled in 1997)
Psary, Poland broadcast tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2009 Reinforced concrete and steel television tower DVB-T signal transmission Template:Flagu Psary, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship undetermined At Bodzentyn, Poland a 440 metres tall tower is proposed for distributing DVB-T signals from the satellite station to TV broadcasting sites.[34] It will be, if built, the tallest man-made structure in Europe outside Russia.
Bank of the Southwest Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1982 Skyscraper Office Template:Flagu Houston (cancelled in 1984) The 86 story tower was cancelled in 1984 due to an oil bust in Texas.
Palace of Soviets Script error: No such module "convert". 1932 Skyscraper Bureaucratic administrative center and conference hall Template:Flagu Moscow 1947 (cancelled 1942) The Palace of Soviets, planned in 1932, was to be 415 m (including a 100 m Lenin statue), and would have been the tallest building in the world at the time if completed. Construction was halted during World War II, during which the uncompleted structure was partially dismantled; its foundations were later to serve as the world's largest open-air swimming pool before being razed in 1995.
The Monument to the Third International Script error: No such module "convert". 1919 Grand Monument Conference hall, bureaucratic administrative center, information administrative center Template:Flagu Moscow None given During the Russian October Revolution of 1917, Vladimir Tatlin designed a structure named The Monument to the Third International, which was to serve as the international headquarters of the Komintern. Better known as the Tatlin Tower, the structure was to rise to a height of Script error: No such module "convert"., which would have made it by far the tallest building in the world at that time, but time & resource shortages as well as the social upheavals that resulted from the Russian Civil War, economic mismanagement, and political repressions halted the project.
London Millennium Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1996 Skyscraper Mixed Use Template:Flagu London Designed by Foster + Partners, for then owner Trafalgar House, the plan was for the building to be the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world at that time.
Ice Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 2006 Skyscraper Casino, hotel and residential Template:Flagu Panama City 2010 (cancelled in 2007) Ice Tower was planned to be Panama's tallest building, at 381 meters and 104 floors. Project was cancelled in June 2007 during foundations works. Later replaced by a shorter, 267 meter tall, 66-storied Bicsa Financial Center.
Millennium Freedom Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1998 Observation tower Leisure and observation facilities Template:Flagu Newport, Kentucky 2000 (above ground construction never begun) The Millennium Freedom Tower was a project to be located in Newport, Kentucky, United States was originally proposed in 1998 to be dedicated on Dec 31, 1999. The original height was a proposed 1,234 feet (376 m) and was later lowered to 1,103 ft (306 m). Pilings were driven in 1998, but construction never continued above ground.[35]
Millennium Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1998 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Frankfurt Once completion, it would have been the tallest skyscraper in Germany, the European Union and Europe.
Watkin's Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1890 Iron latticed observation tower Leisure and retail real estate Template:Flagu Wembley 1894 (construction halted 1896) Watkin's Tower in Wembley, London was planned in 1891 to surpass the Eiffel Tower by Script error: No such module "convert"., but construction stopped before that height was reached due to unstable land and insufficient funds. The tower remnants were dismantled in the 1900s, and the site was redeveloped as Wembley Stadium.
Palacio de la Bahia Script error: No such module "convert". 2005 Skyscraper Hotel, office and residential Template:Flagu Panama City 2009 (cancelled in 2007) Palacio de la Bahia, alongside with Ice Tower and Torre Generali, is one of three cancelled supertall skyscraper projects that was proposed for Panama City. Construction was started in July 28, 2006, but it didn't go beyond the foundation works.
Mole Littoria Script error: No such module "convert". 1924 Skyscraper Template:Flagu Rome
Scandinavian Tower Script error: No such module "convert". 1997 Skyscraper Residential Template:Flagu Malmö 2004 The Scandinavian Tower was intended to be the tallest skyscraper in Europe.[36] It was abandoned in 2004 in favor of Malmö Tower.
Torre Generali Script error: No such module "convert". 2000 Skyscraper Mixed use Template:Flagu Panama City 2003 (cancelled in 2001) Torre Generali, alongside with Ice Tower and Palacio de la Bahia, is one of three cancelled supertall skyscraper projects that was proposed for Panama City. This would have been the tallest building in Latin America had it been built. Project was cancelled in August 2001, due to the economic situation in Panama.[37]
Il Primo Tower 2 Script error: No such module "convert". 2016 Skyscraper Residential File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Dubai 2021 (cancelled in 2018) Il Primo Tower 2 was 300 m, 71 story. was foundion work in 2017 and canceled in 2018. It was replaced by Grande Signature
Torre Bicentenario Script error: No such module "convert". 2007 Skyscraper Commercial Template:Flagu Mexico City 2010 (cancelled in 2007) The Torre Bicentenario (Bicentennial Tower) was a skyscraper project planned for Mexico City. The inauguration date was planned to be September 16, 2010, which is the day of the 200th anniversary of the Mexican War of Independence, hence the building's name. The Torre Bicentenario was canceled in 2007.
World Science Tower N/A 1964 Guyed mast Leisure facilities Template:Flagu Larkspur, Colorado N/A The World Science Tower was going to be one of the world's tallest buildings, proposed in 1964. It would have had an amusement park at its base.
Volkshalle Script error: No such module "convert".
with spire Script error: No such module "convert".
1937 Skyscraper Cultural and convention center Template:Flagu Berlin 1950 (cancelled 1942) Huge domed monument building planned by Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer for Germania, the projected renewal of the German capitol Berlin.

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Lewis, Leo; News International Group; accessed 22 September 2008.
  5. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. Paul Birch, "Orbital Ring Systems and Jacob's Ladders - I", Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 35, 1982, pp. 475–497. (see pdf) (Accessed 6 April 2016).
  10. Paul Birch, "Orbital Ring Systems and Jacob's Ladders - II", Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 36, 1982, 115. (pdf).
  11. Paul Birch, "Orbital Ring Systems and Jacob's Ladders - III", Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 36, 1982, 231. (pdf).
  12. PDF version of Lofstrom's 1985 launch loop publication (AIAA 1985) Template:Webarchive
  13. a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. http://www.arquitectura-tecnica.com/cercha/pdf/19.pdf (Page 12)
  25. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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