List of the largest population centres in Canada

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File:Population density statistics canada.gif
Canada population density map (2014)

A population centre, in the context of a Canadian census, is a populated place, or a cluster of interrelated populated places, which meets the demographic characteristics of an urban area, having a population of at least 1,000 people and a population density of no fewer than 400 people per square km2.[1]

The term was introduced in the Canada 2011 Census; prior to that, Statistics Canada used the term urban area.[1]

Statistics Canada listed 944 population centres in its 2011 census data; 513 of them, 54 per cent of all population centres in Canada, were located in Ontario or Quebec, the two most populous provinces.

History

The term "population centre" was chosen in order to better reflect the fact that urban vs. rural is not a strict division, but rather a continuum within which several distinct settlement patterns, and several competing interpretations of the distinction, may exist.[1] For example, a community may fit a strictly statistical definition of an urban area, but may not be commonly thought of as "urban" because it has a smaller population, or because it functions socially and economically as a suburb of another urban area rather than as a self-contained urban entity, or because it is geographically remote from other urban communities. Municipal boundaries are ignored in determining population centres and they are focused entirely on their geographic and built-up nature.

Accordingly, the new definition set out three distinct types of population centres: small (population 1,000 to 29,999), medium (population 30,000 to 99,999) and large (population 100,000 or greater).[1] Despite the change in terminology, however, the demographic definition of a population centre remains unchanged from that of an urban area: a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per square kilometre.

Characteristics

A population centre does not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of a municipality or of a census division. For example, a less densely populated area within a city's municipal boundaries may not be included as part of its population centre, while areas outside the city limits that directly continue a city's urban core population may be included.

File:Canada Population Density, 2000 (5457618262).jpg
Canada population density map

For example, the population centre of Toronto extends into neighbouring Peel Region, Halton Region, Durham Region and York Region, encompassing places such as Oakville, Mississauga, Brampton, Vaughan, Markham, Richmond Hill, Aurora, Newmarket, Pickering and Ajax. Despite this, numerous other communities which are considered part of the Greater Toronto Area for political purposes are not part of the population centre of Toronto; because more rural areas separate them geographically from the primary zone of urban settlement, communities such as Milton, Georgetown, Caledon East, Bolton, Nobleton, and Stouffville instead form their own separate small or medium population centres,[2] and even a portion of the city of Toronto itself, to the north and east of the Toronto Zoo in Scarborough, is excluded from the population centre as it is much less densely populated than the rest of the city.

However, the Statistics Canada definition of a population centre is that it does not cross the boundaries of a Census Metropolitan Area (CMA); even though the band of continuous urban development emanating outward from downtown Toronto along the shore of Lake Ontario extends even further into Hamilton and Oshawa, these two cities are both considered separate CMAs by Statistics Canada rather than being part of Toronto's, and accordingly each is also considered a distinct population centre.

Conversely, a single municipality may also contain more than one distinct population centre, if less densely populated or undeveloped regions separate more urbanized areas from one another. For example, Ottawa has seven distinct population centres (Ottawa-Gatineau, Constance Bay, Kanata, Richmond, Osgoode, Manotick and Metcalfe),[3] the neighbouring city of Gatineau has a secondary population centre at Buckingham in addition to its primary urban core forming part of Ottawa-Gatineau, and Greater Sudbury has eight distinct population centres (Sudbury, Azilda, Capreol, Chelmsford, Coniston, Dowling, Lively and Valley East).[4]

For actual "city limits" populations, see List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, and for metropolitan area populations, see List of metropolitan areas in Canada.

Lists

By population rank

Rank Population centre[5] Province[5] Size group[5] Population (2021)[5] Population (2016)[5] Change[5] Land area (km2)[5] Population density (/km2)[5]
Template:Nts Toronto Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Montreal Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Vancouver British Columbia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Calgary Alberta Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Edmonton Alberta Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Ottawa–Gatineau Ontario / Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Winnipeg Manitoba Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Quebec City Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Hamilton Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Kitchener Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts London Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Victoria British Columbia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Halifax Nova Scotia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Oshawa Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Windsor Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Saskatoon Saskatchewan Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts St. Catharines – Niagara Falls Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Regina Saskatchewan Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Kelowna British Columbia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Barrie Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Sherbrooke Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Guelph Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Kanata Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Abbotsford British Columbia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Trois-Rivières Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Kingston Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Milton Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Moncton New Brunswick Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts White Rock British Columbia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Nanaimo British Columbia Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Brantford Ontario Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Chicoutimi – Jonquière Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Saint-Jérôme Quebec Large urban Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Red Deer Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Thunder Bay Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Lethbridge Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Kamloops British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Sudbury Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Peterborough Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Chilliwack British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Châteauguay Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Belleville Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Sarnia Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Airdrie Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Drummondville Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Welland – Pelham Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Fort McMurray Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Prince George British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Sault Ste. Marie Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Fredericton New Brunswick Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Saint John New Brunswick Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Medicine Hat Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Grande Prairie Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Granby Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Bowmanville – Newcastle Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Beloeil Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Vernon British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts North Bay Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Brandon Manitoba Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Joliette Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Courtenay British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Cornwall Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Victoriaville Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Woodstock Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts St. Thomas Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Chatham Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Georgetown Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Salaberry-de-Valleyfield Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Spruce Grove Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Shawinigan Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Rimouski Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Bradford Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Campbell River British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Penticton British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Prince Albert Saskatchewan Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Stouffville Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Sorel Quebec Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Mission British Columbia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Leamington Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Orangeville Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Leduc Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Orillia Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Stratford Ontario Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Moose Jaw Saskatchewan Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Cochrane Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Lloydminster Alberta / Saskatchewan Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Cape Breton – Sydney Nova Scotia Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Okotoks Alberta Medium Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Innisfil Ontario Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Timmins Ontario Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Saint-Georges Quebec Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Parksville British Columbia Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Keswick – Elmhurst Beach Ontario Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Fort Saskatchewan Alberta Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Bolton Ontario Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density
Template:Nts Midland Ontario Small Template:Change Template:Nts Template:Pop density

By province or territory

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ "Map: Toronto (Population Centre), Ontario". Statistics Canada, February 1, 2012.
  3. ↑ Map: Ottawa - Gatineau (Population Centre), Ontario. Statistics Canada, February 1, 2012.
  4. ↑ Map: Sudbury (Population Centre), Ontario. Statistics Canada, February 1, 2012.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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