List of stutterers

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Hatnote".

Man in robes with long brown hair against a background of waves reaching the shore
Greek orator Demosthenes practicing oratory at the beach with pebbles in his mouth

Stuttering (alalia syllabaris), also known as stammering (alalia literalis or anarthria literalis), is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks during which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds.[1] The exact etiology of stuttering is unknown; both genetics and neurophysiology are thought to contribute.[2] There are many treatments and speech-language pathology techniques available that may help increase fluency in some people who stutter to the point where an untrained ear cannot perceive stuttering; however, there is essentially no cure for the disorder at present.[3][4]

People who stutter include British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, orator Demosthenes, King George VI, actor James Earl Jones, US President Joe Biden, and country singer Mel Tillis. Churchill, whose stutter was particularly apparent to 1920s writers,[5] was one of the 30% of people who stutter who have an associated speech disorder—a lisp in his case—and led his nation through World War II.[6][7] Demosthenes stammered and was inarticulate as a youth, and, through dedicated practice using methods such as placing pebbles in his mouth, became a great orator of Ancient Greece.[8] King George VI hired speech therapist Lionel Logue to enable him to speak more easily to his Empire, and Logue effectively helped him accomplish this goal.[9] This training and its results are the focus of the 2010 film The King's Speech.[10] James Earl Jones has stated he was mute for many years of his youth, and he became an actor noted for the power of his voice.[11][12] Mel Tillis stutters when talking but not when singing.[13] Many people had their speech impairment only during childhood.[14]

Actors

Man looking at the camera
Actor James Earl Jones in 2013
Emily at the premiere of Edge of Tomorrow
Emily Blunt in 2014
Man in suit with left hand in pocket facing left
German silent film actor Bruno Kastner circa 1920
Woman in hot pink dress dancing and singing with both arms raised
Actress Marilyn Monroe in 1953's Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Actors with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1955–present English comedian, screenwriter, and actor who incorporates his stuttering into his work by using over-articulation [15][16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1983–present English actress who won a Golden Globe Award in 2007 [17]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1938–present American actor and producer who played Jerry the orthodontist on The Bob Newhart Show [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1972–present American actor, comedian, TV host, and singer [19]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1971–present American actor [20]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1973–present British comedian who won British Stammering Association Writing Award in 2006 [21][22]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1960–present English actor who won a BAFTA and a Golden Globe Award in 1995 [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1957–present American television and radio presenter, actor, author, businessman, and former stand-up comedian. [24]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1937–2018 German actor and TV producer; started stuttering after being trapped under a staircase after a bombing raid in World War II [25][26]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1931–2024 American actor noted for his powerful voice [11][23][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1948–present American actor who has appeared in over 100 films; active in Civil Rights Movement [23]
Javivi 1961–present Spanish actor who has appeared in films and TV series, usually in comical roles [28]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1890–1932 German film actor and producer; died by suicide with the advent of sound films [29]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1939–present American stage and movie actor [30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1967–present Australian actress and film producer [31]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1977–present English comedian winner of the Perrier Comedy Award in 2002 [23][32]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1946–2019 American actress who played "Julie Barnes" on The Mod Squad [30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1991–present American comedian; brother of Stephen Lynch and Season 10 runner-up on America's Got Talent [33]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1965–present American radio personality known as "Stuttering John" [34]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1992–present American actor [35]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1926–1962 American actress, singer, model, and sex symbol; Golden Globe Award nominee in 1956 [23][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1947–present New Zealand actor [36]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1940–present American actor, playwright, theatrical director, and instructor [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1964–present Puerto Rican-American actress [37]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915–2001 Mexican-American actor, painter, and writer [30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1974–present Indian Bollywood actor who won numerous Best Actor awards [30][38]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1956–present American actor, Golden Globe Award nominee in 1978; brother of actress Julia Roberts [30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1967–present One of the highest paid American actresses in terms of box office receipts; sister of actor Eric Roberts [30][39]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1961–2023 American actor and producer [30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1992–present American actor, twin of Dylan Sprouse [30][40]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1908–1997 American film and stage actor whose stutter was a signature trait of his work [41][42][43][44]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1955–present American actor, producer, and musician [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1889–1967 British actor whose career spanned nearly 7 decades, Tony Award winning actor [45]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1929–2024 American actor and comedian, known for his stammer [46]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1938–2020 Australian entertainer, comedienne and television personality [47]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1898–1978 American actor, provided the original voice of Porky Pig [48][49]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917–2000 English actor and comedian [50][51]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917–1992 English actor and comedian [52][53]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1887–1951 French actor, theatre director and filmmaker [54]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1923–2020 English actor, and radio and television presenter [55]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1929–2015 English actor and dancer [56]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1887–1969 English actor, voice of Grinch [57]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1936–present English actor [58]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1937–present English actor [59]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1922–2007 American actor in British theater and television [60]

Athletes

Man in a Harlem Globetrotters uniform is on one knee and holding a basketball.
Basketball player Wilt Chamberlain in 1959 while a Harlem Globetrotter
Woman in peak cap and sunglasses is wearing a red T-shirt.
Golfer Sophie Gustafson in 2008
Athletes with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1982–present Scottish rugby union player [61]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1937–2014 American boxer known as "The Hurricane" [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1936–1999 American basketball player, holds numerous official NBA all-time records [62]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1973–present American baseball outfielder [63]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1973–present Swedish golfer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1964–present American basketball player [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1955–present American football cornerback [64]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1961–present Canadian sprinter [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1962–present American baseball and football player, 1985 Heisman Trophy winner [65]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1943–present American baseball pitcher [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1979–present Croatian tennis player [66]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1993–present American basketball player [67]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1987–present American football cornerback [68]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1960–present American diver [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942–2024 American basketball player [69]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1997–present American racing driver [70][71]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1959–present Puerto Rican baseball player [72][73]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1977–present American basketball player [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1987–present Canadian hockey player [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1979–present American football running back [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1969–present Puerto Rican boxer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1956–present American boxer who was a world champion in the light-heavyweight and heavyweight divisions (1981–1988) [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1989–present American baseball outfielder [74]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1983–present American football running back [75]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1958–present American actor and fitness personality who had a fitness line "Body by Jake" and TV show called Body by Jake [76]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1947–2024 American football running back [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1955–present American ice hockey player [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1931–2013 American golfer and golf broadcaster [77]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1952–2024 American Basketball Hall of Famer [78]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1975–present American golfer, formerly ranked World No. 1 (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) [79]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1991–present Colombian soccer player [80]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1958–present Australian rules footballer [81]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915–1981 American track and field coach [82]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1997–present American football linebacker [83]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916–2006 American boxer [84]

Politicians

Churchill is wearing his trademark overcoat and top hat.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1942
Biden standing with US flags behind him
President Joe Biden in 2021
Politicians with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1967–present British Labour politician; former Member of Parliament (2005–2015) [85]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1947–present Mayor of Naples (1994–1998); President of Campania (2000–2010); member of Italian Communist Party [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1951–present French politician; Prime Minister of France since December 2024 [86]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942–present United States Senator from Delaware (1973–2009), 47th Vice President of the United States (2009–2017), 46th President of the United States (2021–2025) [18][87][88]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1874–1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945, 1951–1955); Nobel Prize in Literature recipient in 1953 [23][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts – 54 AD Emperor of Rome (41–54), exaggerated his ailment in youth amid fratricidal dynastic conflicts [89][90]
Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts384 – 322 BC Ancient Greek orator and politician [8]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1940–present Irish Labour Party politician; Member of the European Parliament (1989–1992, 1999–) [91]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1976–present Argentine Peronist politician; Minister of the Interior (2019–) [92]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1935–present American politician, 48th Governor of New Jersey (1982–1990) [93]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1982–present Portuguese politician, Member of the Assembly of the Republic (2019–) [94]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1909–1998 Indian communist politician; Chief Minister of Kerala (1957–1959, 1967–1969) [95]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1955–present Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010) [96]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1780–1857 Anglo-Irish Member of Parliament [97]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918–1989 Romanian communist leader [98]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1905–1981 Canadian politician and City of Toronto mayor [99]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1801–1856 Brazilian politician, diplomat, judge, and monarchist [100]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1781–1847 British Whig politician [101]

Musicians

Black man singing
Blues guitarist John Lee Hooker
Man in white slacks and black jacket standing singing on stage
Country singer Mel Tillis in 2007 at the Grand Ole Opry
Singers and musicians with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1957–present English singer and songwriter [102]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917–1995 English composer, cellist and music critic [103]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1937–2011 Irish singer, who represented Ireland at the 1967 Eurovision song contest [104]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1967–present English singer, guitarist, and vocalist [105]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1984–present English singer and songwriter [106]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1912–2001 American blues guitarist [107]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942–1999 American scat singer [108]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1959–present Scottish singer and songwriter [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1931–2021 American music professor and composer of experimental music [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1977–present English singer, songwriter, and pianist [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1968–present Australian singer, songwriter, and actress [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1957–present English singer, songwriter, and actor [109]
Script error: No such module "Sort". c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – 912 Frankish composer, poet and scholar [110]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1948–present English singer, songwriter and television personality [111]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1935–1977 American rock and roll singer [27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945–present American singer, songwriter, musician, and children's author; recipient of two Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, and a Golden Globe Award; member of Grammy Hall of Fame [18][112]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1938–1972 English musician and vocalist [113]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1932–2017 American country singer, spokesman and honorary chairman of the Stuttering Foundation of America in 1998 [13][114]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1971–present American musician [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1938–2020 American singer, songwriter, and musician [18][115][116]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1984–present Chinese singer, songwriter, and musician [117]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1986–present Australian singer, songwriter and musician [118]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942–2015 American gospel singer, songwriter, record producer and pastor [119]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1991–present Pakistani rapper, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker [120]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1917–2001 American operatic baritone and actor [121]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1946–2015 Scottish pop rock singer and musician [122]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1947–present Reggae and rocksteady singer [123]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945–2007 American folk singer-songwriter, comedian [124]
Script error: No such module "Sort". present Israeli multi-disciplinary artist, singer and musician [125]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1994–present Australian singer who won the second series of The Voice [126]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1950–present American singer and songwriter, lead singer of Heart (band) [127]

Writers

Man with moustache standing in suit
Writer W. Somerset Maugham in 1934
Man with moustache standing in suit and facing right
Writer Machado de Assis circa 1896
Black woman with head covering, close up, smiling and looking to the right
Sonia Sanchez in 1998
Writers with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1867–1931 English journalist and novelist [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1922–1996 British comedian, script-writer, and reader of children's books [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1899–1973 Irish novelist and short story writer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1832–1898 English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer [23][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945–present American cartoonist [128]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1838–1908 Brazilian novelist, short story writer, poet, and literary critic [129]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1939–present English novelist, biographer, and literary critic [130]
Han, FeiHan Fei Template:Dts280 BC – 233 BC Chinese philosopher and writer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1932–present American nature and travel writer [131]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1843–1916 American-born writer and critic who spent most of his life in England [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1960–present British journalist and editor [132][133]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1874–1965 English novelist, playwright, and short story writer [23][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942–2016 American illustrator, author, and publisher [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1969–present English novelist [134]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1929–2016 Irish poet [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1914–2009 American screenwriter, television producer, novelist and sports writer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1937–present British screenwriter; BAFTA and Academy Award-winning writer of The King's Speech [135]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1956–present American writer of fiction and nonfiction [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1899–1960 British novelist and aeronautical engineer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1943–2022 American author and poet [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1927–1980 English theater critic and writer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1932–2009 American novelist, poet, short story writer, art critic, and literary critic [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". present British writer and public speaker [136]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1978- Canadian poet [137]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1965–present German poet, novelist, writer, literary editor, and musician [138]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1934–1992 American author, poet, professor, activist [139]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1916–1991 Australian author, screenwriter, and fighter pilot [140]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1923–1917 English author [141][142]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1871–1914 English Catholic priest and writer, popular preacher [143]
Machado de Assis 1839–1908 Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright [144]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1930–2023 British author, mostly science fiction, but including a nonfiction book about stuttering [145]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1923–1983 English journalist and thriller novelist whose stutter initially exempted him from military conscription [146]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1966–present English author [147]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1775–1834 English essayist and poet [148]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1895–1962 American physiologist and science writer [149]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1949–present English screenwriter and producer [150]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1934–present American poet, writer, and professor [151][152][153]

Others

File:Portrait of Charles Darwin. Wellcome M0010103.jpg
Charles Darwin
Man standing in royal regalia
King George VI of the United Kingdom circa 1940–1946
Man in beige shirt standing and talking, with finger pointed
Zoologist Alan Rabinowitz
Woodcut of man facing left with cloth hat and robe
Mathematician Niccolò Tartaglia later in life
File:Alan Turing Aged 16.jpg
Alan Turing at age 16
Other people with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Script error: No such module "Sort". 197–264 Three Kingdoms period general, Grand Commandant [154]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1958–present Prince of Monaco [18][87]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1888–1969 United States Army Major General during World War II [155]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1908–2002 Publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat [156]
Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts384 BC – 322 BC Greek philosopher and writer [23][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1907–1991 American newspaper reporter who won two Pulitzer Prizes for combat reporting—one each during World War II and the Korean War [157]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1939–2016 American photographer and biographer of Muhammad Ali [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1942–present American businessman, co-founder of The Home Depot and owner of the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1884–1960 British-American psychiatrist; researcher on stuttering [158]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1913–1980 3rd Baron Glenavy, Irish-born British journalist, humorist and television personality [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1915–2001 British Field Marshal, tank commander in World War II; Chief of the Defence Staff [159]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1902–1986 British biographer, historian and professor [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1600–1649 King of England (1625–1649) [160]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1809–1882 English naturalist [30]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1893–1969 American car designer, first vice president of design at General Motors [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1941–2012 Canadian movie producer, director, and financier [161]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1494–1547 King of France (1515–1547) [162]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1903–1994 American philanthropist and businessman [163][164]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1933–2015 Film critic and BBC radio producer [165]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1895–1952 King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952) [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1920–2020 Wife of astronaut and United States Senator John Glenn; She was inducted into the National Stuttering Association Hall of Fame. [166][167]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1975–present Navy SEAL, athlete, and motivational speaker [168]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1918–1999 American chemist who worked with the Central Intelligence Agency [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1945–present American banker [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1633–1701 King of England (1685–1688) [169]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1906–1965 American psychologist, stutter research [170]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 846–879 King of Aquitaine and West Francia [171]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 770–829 Byzantine emperor, founder of the Amorian (Phrygian) dynasty [172]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1946–present Polish editor, historian, essayist, and political commentator [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1642–1727 English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1950–present British fashion designer [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1953–present Polish journalist, social campaigner [173]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1320–1367 King of Portugal (1357–1367) [174]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1953–2018 American zoologist, conservationist, field biologist, and President and CEO of Panthera [18][175]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1863–1949 German-American botanist, Harvard professor [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1947–present American consumer reporter, investigative journalist, author, and libertarian columnist [176]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1499–1557 Italian mathematician, engineer, and surveyor [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1912–1954 British mathematician [177]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1905–1994 American speech pathologist [170]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1935–2020 American chemical engineer, businessman, and author [18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1889–1951 Austrian philosopher [23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1819–1875 Priest, historian, novelist, poet [178]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1911–1944 American Women Airforce Service Pilots member, disappeared during World War II [179]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1831–1902 Irish-American industrialist [180]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1906–2001 English ophthalmologist who invented the introcular lens [181]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1896–1972 Professional soldier in New Zealand Military Forces [182]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1904-1938 Mexican integrist [183]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1856–1941 German linguist, ethnographer, and archeologist [184]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1933–present British barrister and judge [185]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1766–1828 Queen of Württemberg  [186]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 12th or 15th Century Founder of the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as Great Peacemaker [187]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1901–1987 Australian botanical artist [188]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1819–1887 American lawyer and socialite. Called "the most popular man of New York" [189]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1812–1886 American fur trapper and explorer known as the leader "Ezekiel 'Stuttering Zeke' Merritt" [190]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1825–1883 Warrior and a leader of the Nednhi band of the Chiricahua Apache [191]

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Retrieved from Academic Research Library database, (Document ID: 1468009541).
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Note: This annual was also published under the title The 2001 World Book Health & Medical Annual, United States of America: 2001 World Book, Inc.
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Howerd mentioned his youthful stutter in a revealing BBC broadcast of Desert Island Discs, Jan. 1982, rebroadcast in April 2012 in the three-hour Howerd's Ways: the Radio Times of Frankie Howerd https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01gvwzh
  53. ↑ Howerd, Frankie (1976) On the Way I Lost It, W.H. Allen, Template:ISBN
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  87. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Terence Dackomb, "Chris Rainbow" Template:Webarchive, The Rocking Vicar, 2 July 2012, accessed 17 March 2015; Tobe Richards, "Chris Rainbow", Stuttering Didn't Stop Them! Famous People Who Stutter From Around The World, accessed 17 March 2015.
  123. ↑ Katz, David (2000), People Funny Boy - The Genius of Lee "Scratch" Perry, Payback Press, Template:ISBN
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  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  144. ↑ Scarano, Júlia Maria Leonor (1969). Grandes Personagens da Nossa História. São Paulo: Abril Cultural. p. 770
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  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Gates, Henry Louis, and Valerie Smith (eds), The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. W.W. Norton & Company, 2014 (Third edition).
  154. ↑ Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 28.
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  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ a b Williams, D. Wendell Johnson and Charles Van Riper. Minnesota State University (22 February 1999). Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
  171. ↑ Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, (Pearson Education Limited, 1999), 258.
  172. ↑ Wikisource This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
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  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Project MUSE, Journal of Victorian Culture
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  182. ↑ Template:DNZB
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  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Template:Cite AuDB
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Roberts, David. (1993) Once They Moved Like the Wind. New York: Simon & Schuster. Template:ISBN. p.63.

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