List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in the geographical region of Oceania. Although it is mostly ocean and spans many tectonic plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents.
Most of this list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia.[1]
Boundaries of Oceania
Template:Further information The boundary between Southeast Asia and Oceania is not clearly defined. For political reasons, the United Nations considers the boundary between the two regions to be the Indonesian–Papua New Guinean border.[2] Papua New Guinea is occasionally considered Asian as it neighbours Indonesia,[3][4][5] but this is rare, and it is generally accepted to be part of Oceania. Geologically, the six Indonesian provinces in Western New Guinea and Aru Islands in Maluku Province are parts of the Australian continental shelf. Biogeographically, the Wallace line separates Asia from Wallacea, a transitional zone, while the Lydekker line separates it from Australia. Weber Line is the midpoint, at which Asian and Australian fauna and flora are approximately equally represented.
Likewise, there is also no clearly defined boundary between Latin America and Oceania; the mostly uninhabited oceanic Pacific islands near Latin America have been considered by some as part of Oceania, both historically and in present-day times.[6][7][8][9][10] Nearly all of these islands have become politically associated with the Americas, but none lie on the respective tectonic plates of those continents, nor were any inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas during the pre-Columbian era.[11] Some share strong biogeographical affinities to geopolitical Oceania.[12] The Malay Archipelago has historically been associated with Oceania,[13][9][14][15] however, very few present-day definitions include it as part of Oceania.[16][17] The Malay Archipelago lies on the continental shelf of Asia; Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (both adjacent to the Malay Archipelago) lie on the Australian tectonic plate, and are not politically associated with Asia. The Bonin Islands, which have been politically integrated into Japan, are not geologically associated with the Asian continent, and are biogeographically within Micronesia.
Sovereign states
United Nations member states
This section includes all sovereign states located predominantly in Oceania that are member states of the United Nations.[18] All 14 states are full members of the Pacific Islands Forum.[19]
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
Associated states
Two states, the Cook Islands and Niue, are in free association with New Zealand. While maintaining a close constitutional and political relationship with New Zealand, both states have full treaty-making capacity and are members of several United Nations specialized agencies. Both independently engage in diplomatic relations with sovereign states under their own name, and are full members of the Pacific Islands Forum. Because of these features, both act in many ways as fully independent states.[27]
| Flag | Coat of Arms / National Emblem | Map | English short and formal names[20] | Status | Domestic short and formal names | Capital | Population | Area[26] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Coat of arms of the Cook Islands.svg | File:LocationCookIslands.png | Cook Islands[22] | Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship, but is independent in its internal affairs. | Template:Langx Template:Langx |
Avarua[22][24] | 11,124[28] | Script error: No such module "sort". | |
| File:Public Seal of Niue.svg | File:LocationNiue.png | Niue[22] | Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship, but is independent in its internal affairs. | Template:Langx Template:Langx |
Alofi[22][24] | 1,311[28] | Script error: No such module "sort". |
Non-sovereign territories
The following are entities considered to be within Oceania that fall into one of these categories:
1. Federal territories of sovereign states located outside these states' mainland.
2. Territories that constitute integral parts of sovereign states in some form other than as federal territories, where a significant part of the sovereign state's landmass is located outside Oceania or the territory is located outside the sovereign state's mainland. Many of these territories are often described as dependencies or autonomous areas.
3. Dependent territories of sovereign states.
Two of these territories (French Polynesia and New Caledonia) are associate members of the Pacific Islands Forum, while five others (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Tokelau, and Wallis and Futuna) hold observer status within the organization.
_with_borders.svg){kind=link}
_Islands.svg){kind=link}
_Islands_on_the_globe_(Southeast_Asia_centered).svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
See also
- List of Oceanian countries by GDP (PPP)
- List of Oceanian countries by population
- List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania
- List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index
Island countries
- List of Caribbean island countries by population
- List of island countries
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Indian Ocean
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Notes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Australia has two external territory in the Antarctic, the Heard Island and McDonald Islands and the claimed Australian Antarctic Territory.
- ↑ New Zealand has five island groups in the Subantarctic. New Zealand claims territory in the Antarctic as the Ross Dependency.
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b 管内概要｜小笠原支庁 Template:Webarchive (in Japanese).
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox".