List of reptiles of Europe
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Template:Short description This is a list of reptiles of Europe. It includes all reptiles currently found in Europe. It does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this, nor (with few exceptions) does it currently include species introduced in recent decades. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Also this list is incomplete.
Template:IUCN 3.1 navmap/full Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
- Template:IUCN status - extinct, Template:IUCN status - extinct in the wild
- Template:IUCN status - critically endangered, Template:IUCN status - endangered, Template:IUCN status - vulnerable
- Template:IUCN status - near threatened, Template:IUCN status - least concern
- Template:IUCN status - data deficient, Template:IUCN status - not evaluated
- (v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[1])
Turtles
Family: Testudinidae (tortoises)
- Subfamily: Testudininae
- Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni Template:IUCN status (ssp. hermanni: Template:IUCN status) (Southern Europe)
- Spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca Template:IUCN status (ssp. nikolskii: Template:IUCN status) (Southern Europe)
- Marginated tortoise, Testudo marginata Template:IUCN status (Southern Europe)
- Horsfield's tortoise, Testudo horsfieldi Template:IUCN status (Russia)
Family: Emydidae (pond turtles)
- Subfamily: Emydinae
- European pond terrapin, Emys orbicularis Template:IUCN status
- Sicilian pond turtle, Emys trinacris Template:IUCN status (Sicily)
- Subfamily: Deirochelyinae
- Red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta Template:IUCN status (non-native)
- Painted turtle, Chrysemys picta Template:IUCN status (introduced to Spain and Germany)
Family: Geoemydidae
- Subfamily: Geoemydinae
- Spanish pond turtle, Mauremys leprosa (Spain, Portugal, France)
- Balkan pond turtle, Mauremys rivulata (south-eastern Europe, Turkey)
- Caspian turtle, Mauremys caspica (Southern Europe)
Family: Cheloniidae
- Subfamily: Carettinae
- Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Template:IUCN status (Southern Europe)
- Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii Template:IUCN status
- Subfamily: Cheloniinae
- Green turtle, Chelonia mydas Template:IUCN status (Southern Europe)
- Hawksbill sea turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata Template:IUCN status (in Europe Great Britain, Portugal)[2]
Family: Dermochelyidae
- Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea Template:IUCN status (Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: Template:IUCN status)
Family: Trionychidae (softshells)
- Subfamily: Trionychinae
- Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis (Mediterranean subpopulation: Template:IUCN status) (Greece)
Amphisbaenia, lizards and snakes
Amphisbaenians
Family: Blanidae (Mediterranean worm lizards)
- Iberian worm lizard, Blanus cinereus Template:IUCN status (Iberia) and:Template:Refn
- Vandelli's worm lizard, Blanus vandellii (Iberia)[3]
- Anatolian worm lizard, Blanus strauchi Template:IUCN status (Aegean islands, southern Anatolia and Syria)
- Blanus mariae (Portugal)
Family: Trogonophidae (Palearctic worm lizards)
Lizards
Family: Agamidae (agamas)
- Subfamily: Agaminae
- Stellion, Laudakia stellio (Greek islands) and:Template:Refn
- Cyprus rock agama, Laudakia cypriaca [4] (Cyprus)
- Caucasian agama, Paralaudakia caucasia (Ukraine and Russia)
- Steppe agama, Trapelus sanguinolentus (Russia, Kazakhstan)
- Spotted toadhead agama, Phrynocephalus guttatus Template:IUCN status (Russia, Kazakhstan)
- European toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus helioscopus Template:IUCN status (Ukraine and Russia)
- Secret toadhead agama, Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Russia, Kazakhstan)
- Psammophilus dorsalis Template:IUCN status (Germany - introduced)
Family: Chamaeleonidae (chameleons)
- Mediterranean chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon Template:IUCN status (southern Europe)
- African chameleon, Chamaeleo africanus (Greece)
Family: Dactyloidae (anoles and related species)
- Green anole, Anolis carolinensis Template:IUCN status (Spain - introduced)
Family: Gekkonidae
- Caspian straight-fingered gecko, Alsophylax pipiens Template:IUCN status (Russia)
- Caspian naked-fingered gecko, Tenuidactylus caspius Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Kotschy's naked-toed gecko, Mediodactylus kotschyi Template:IUCN status (southern Europe) and:Template:Refn
- Barton's thin-toed gecko, Mediodactylus (kotschyi) bartoni (Crete island in Greece)[3]
- Mediterranean thin-toed gecko, Mediodactylus (kotschyi) danilewskii (south-eastern Europe)[3]
- Mediterranean thin-toed gecko, Mediodactylus (kotschyi) oertzeni (Dodecanese islands in Greece)[3]
- Caucasian gecko, Mediodactylus russowii Template:IUCN status (in Europe southern Russia, extirpated)
- Mediterranean house gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus Template:IUCN status (southern Europe)
Family: Phyllodactylidae
- Gomero wall gecko, Tarentola gomerensis Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica Template:IUCN status (southern Europe)
Family: Sphaerodactylidae
- European leaf-toed gecko, Euleptes europaea Template:IUCN status (France, Italy, Tunisia, Mediterranean islands)
Family: Lacertidae (wall or true lizards)
- Subfamily: Gallotiinae
- Large psammodromus, Psammodromus algirus Template:IUCN status (Conigli islet near Lampedusa island)
- Psammodromus jeanneae Template:IUCN status (Spain, France)
- Psammodromus manuelae Template:IUCN status (Spain, Portugal)
- Spanish psammodromus, Psammodromus hispanicus Template:IUCN status (Spain and France) and:Template:Refn
- East Iberian psammodromus, Psammodromus (hispanicus) edwardsianus (Spain and France)[2]
- Subfamily: Lacertinae
- Tribe: Eremiadini
- Red-tailed spiny-footed lizard, Acanthodactylus erythrurus Template:IUCN status (Africa and Southern Europe)
- Steppe-runner, Eremias arguta (south-eastern Europe and Russia)
- Rapid racerunner, Eremias velox (southern Russia)
- Snake-eyed lizard, Ophisops elegans (Mediterranean and Central Asia)
- Acanthodactylus schreiberi Template:IUCN status (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
- Tribe: Lacertini
- Blue-throated keeled lizard, Algyroides nigropunctatus Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- Greek algyroides, Algyroides moreoticus Template:IUCN status (Greek islands)
- Fitzinger's algyroides, Algyroides fitzingeri Template:IUCN status (Corsica, Sardinia)
- Spanish algyroides, Algyroides marchi Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Iberian emerald lizard, Lacerta schreiberi Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula)
- Balkan green lizard, Lacerta trilineata Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe) and:Template:Refn
- Rhodos green lizard, Lacerta (trilineata) diplochondrodes (Rhodos island in Greece)[3]
- Tinos green lizard, Lacerta (trilineata) citrovittata (Tinos island in Greece)[3]
- European green lizard, Lacerta viridis Template:IUCN status
- Western green lacerta, Lacerta bilineata Template:IUCN status
- Sand lizard, Lacerta agilis Template:IUCN status
- Mosor rock lizard, Lacerta mosorensis Template:IUCN status (Balkans)
- Greek rock lizard, Lacerta graeca Template:IUCN status (Greece)
- Caucasus emerald lizard, Lacerta strigata Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
- Medium lizard, Lacerta media Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
- Viviparous lizard, Zootoca vivipara Template:IUCN status (ssp pannonica: Template:IUCN status) and:Template:Refn
- Bedriaga's rock lizard, Archaeolacerta bedriagae Template:IUCN status (Corsica, Sardinia)
- Iberian rock lizard, Iberolacerta monticola Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula)
- Pyrenean rock lizard, Iberolacerta bonnali Template:IUCN status (France, Spain)
- Aran rock lizard, Iberolacerta aranica Template:IUCN status (France, Spain)
- Aurelio's rock lizard, Iberolacerta aurelioi Template:IUCN status (Andorra, France, Spain)
- Horvath's rock lizard, Iberolacerta horvathi Template:IUCN status (central and southern Europe)
- Iberolacerta cyreni Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Iberolacerta galani Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Iberolacerta martinezricai Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Prokletije rock lizard, Dinarolacerta montenegrina Template:IUCN status (Montenegro)
- Anatolian rock lizard, Anatololacerta anatolica Template:IUCN status (formerly in Anatololacerta danfordi, Greece, Turkey)
- Anatololacerta oertzeni Template:IUCN status (Greece, Turkey) and:Template:Refn
- Darevskia saxicola Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
- Darevskia caucasica Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Darevskia rudis Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
- Armenian rock lizard, Darevskia armeniaca Template:IUCN status (Ukraine - introduced, Georgia, Turkey)
- Darevskia lindholmi (Ukraine)
- Darevskia dahli Template:IUCN status (Ukraine, Georgia)
- Darevskia derjugini Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Darevskia alpina Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Brauner's rock lizard, Darevskia brauneri Template:IUCN status (Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Turkey) and:Template:Refn
- Szczerbak's lizard, Darevskia (brauneri) szczerbaki (Russia)[3]
- Dagestan lizard, Darevskia daghestanica Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis Template:IUCN status
- Iberian wall lizard, Podarcis hispanicus Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula, France, northwestern Africa) and:Template:Refn
- Columbretes wall lizard, Podarcis liolepis (Iberian Peninsula, France)[2]
- Podarcis galerai [4] (Spain)
- Carbonell's wall lizard, Podarcis carbonelli Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula)
- Bocage's wall lizard, Podarcis bocagei Template:IUCN status (Spain, France)
- Lilford's wall lizard, Podarcis lilfordi Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Ibiza wall lizard, Podarcis pityusensis Template:IUCN status (Spain)
- Tyrrhenian wall lizard, Podarcis tiliguerta Template:IUCN status (Sardinia, Corsica)
- Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus Template:IUCN status (Italy and south-eastern Europe, introduced to Spain) and:Template:Refn
- Pontian wall lizard, Podarcis latastei [4] (Italy)
- Sicilian wall lizard, Podarcis waglerianus Template:IUCN status (Italy)
- Aeolian wall lizard, Podarcis raffonei Template:IUCN status (Italy)
- Maltese wall lizard, Podarcis filfolensis Template:IUCN status (Malta)
- Sharp-snouted rock lizard, Podarcis oxycephala Template:IUCN status (Balkans)
- Dalmatian wall lizard, Podarcis melisellensis Template:IUCN status (Balkans)
- Balkan wall lizard, Podarcis tauricus Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe and Russia) and:Template:Refn
- Skyros wall lizard, Podarcis gaigeae Template:IUCN status
- Ionian wall lizard, Podarcis ionicus [4] (Greece)
- Erhard's wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe) and:Template:Refn
- Peloponnese wall lizard, Podarcis peloponnesiacus Template:IUCN status (Peloponnese)
- Milos wall lizard, Podarcis milensis Template:IUCN status (Greece)
- Podarcis vaucheri Template:IUCN status (Spain, Portugal)
- Podarcis guadarramae (Spain, Portugal)[2]
- Podarcis virescens (Spain, Portugal)[2]
- Podarcis levendis Template:IUCN status (Greece)
- Moroccan rock lizard, Scelarcis perspicillata Template:IUCN status (Menorca - Spain, introduced)
- Phoenicolacerta troodica Template:IUCN status (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
- Ocellated lizard, Timon lepidus Template:IUCN status (south-western Europe) and:Template:Refn
- Sierra Nevada lizard, Timon nevadensis (Spain)[2]
- Tribe: Eremiadini
Family: Scincidae (skinks)
- Subfamily: Scincinae
- European snake-eyed skink, Ablepharus kitaibelii Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- Budak's snake-eyed skink, Ablepharus budakiTemplate:IUCN status (Greece - Cyprus, Turkey)[2]
- Ocellated skink, Chalcides ocellatus (Greece, Sicily and Sardinia)
- Bedriaga's skink, Chalcides bedriagai Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula)
- Western three-toed skink, Chalcides striatus Template:IUCN status (France, Italy, Iberian Peninsula)
- Italian three-toed skink, Chalcides chalcides Template:IUCN status (France, Italy)
- Limbless skink, Ophiomorus punctatissimus Template:IUCN status (Greece, Turkey)
- Schneider's skink, Eumeces schneiderii (Russia, Turkey)
- Subfamily: Lygosomatinae / Family: Mabuyidae
- Bridled mabuya, Trachylepis vittata Template:IUCN status (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
- Levant skink, Heremites auratus Template:IUCN status (few islands in Greece, Turkey)
- Santo Antão skink, Chioninia fogoensis [4] Template:IUCN status (Madeira - Introduced)
Family: Anguidae
- Subfamily: Anguinae
- Common slowworm, Anguis fragilis
- Peloponnese slowworm, Anguis cephalonnica Template:IUCN status (Greece)
- Italian slowworm, Anguis veronensis (Italy, south-eastern France)
- Eastern slowworm, Anguis colchica
- Greek slowworm, Anguis graeca
- European glass lizard, Ophisaurus apodus (south-eastern Europe)
Snakes
Family: Typhlopidae (blind snakes)
- Worm snake, Xerotyphlops vermicularis (south-eastern Europe)
Family: Boidae (boas)
- Subfamily: Erycinae/Erycidae
- Sand boa, Eryx jaculus (south-eastern Europe)
- Dwarf sand boa, Eryx miliaris (in Europe southern Russia)[2]
Family: Colubridae (colubrids)
- Subfamily: Colubrinae
- Western whip snake, Hierophis viridiflavus Template:IUCN status (south-western Europe, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia)
- Caspian whipsnake, Dolichophis caspius (south-eastern Europe, Turkey)
- Large whip snake, Dolichophis jugularis Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- Red-bellied racer, Dolichophis schmidti Template:IUCN status (Russia, Turkey, Georgia)
- Horseshoe whip snake, Hemorrhois hippocrepis Template:IUCN status (Italy, Iberian Peninsula)
- Spotted whip snake, Hemorrhois ravergieri (Greece, Turkey, Georgia)
- Algerian whip snake, Hemorrhois algirus Template:IUCN status (Malta)
- Coin snake, Hemorrhois nummifer (has been mentioned from European Turkey but actual presence in Europe remains unconfirmed and demands substantiation)
- Red whip snake, Platyceps collaris Template:IUCN status (Bulgaria, Turkey)
- Dahl's whip snake, Platyceps najadum Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- Balkan whip snake, Hierophis gemonensis Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- Cyprus whip snake, Hierophis cypriensis Template:IUCN status (Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
- Asia Minor dwarf racer, Eirenis modestus Template:IUCN status (Greece, Russia, Turkey, Georgia)
- Collared dwarf racer, Eirenis collaris Template:IUCN status (Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia)
- Four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- Blotched snake, Elaphe sauromates (eastern and south-eastern Europe) and:Template:Refn
- Urartian rat snake, Elaphe urartica (eastern Europe)[3]
- Steppes ratsnake, Elaphe dione (Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan)
- Beauty snake, Elaphe taeniura [4] Template:IUCN status (Introduced to Belgium and Netherlands)
- Slender racer, Orientocoluber spinalis (southern Russia)
- Ladder snake, Zamenis scalaris Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula, France)
- Transcaucasian rat snake, Zamenis hohenackeri Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
- Leopard snake, Zamenis situla Template:IUCN status (southern Europe)
- Aesculapian snake, Zamenis longissimus Template:IUCN status
- Italian Aesculapian snake, Zamenis lineatus Template:IUCN status (Italy)
- Smooth snake, Coronella austriaca
- Southern smooth snake, Coronella girondica Template:IUCN status (Iberian Peninsula, France, Italy)
- European cat snake, Telescopus fallax Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe)
- False smooth snake, Macroprotodon brevis Template:IUCN status (Iberian peninsula)
- False smooth snake, Macroprotodon cucullatus Template:IUCN status (Iberian peninsula) and:Template:Refn
- Macroprotodon mauritanicus [4][5] (Mallorca and Menorca, introduced)
Subfamily: Natricinde/Natricinae
- Viperine water snake, Natrix maura Template:IUCN status
- Grass snake, Natrix natrix Template:IUCN status (ssp. cetti: Template:IUCN status, schweizeri: Template:IUCN status) and:Template:Refn
- Iberian grass snake, Natrix astreptophora (Iberian Peninsula, France)[3]
- Barred grass snake, Natrix helvetica (western and southern Europe)[3]
- Dice snake, Natrix tessellata Template:IUCN status
- Large-headed water snake, Natrix megalocephala Template:IUCN status (Russia, Turkey, Georgia)
Family: Lamprophiidae
- Subfamily: Psammophiinae
- Montpellier snake, Malpolon monspessulanus Template:IUCN status (southwestern Europe)
- Eastern Montpellier snake, Malpolon insignitus (southeastern Europe)
Family: Viperidae
- Subfamily: Viperinae
- Ottoman viper, Montivipera xanthina Template:IUCN status (Greece)
- Caucasus viper, Vipera kaznakovi Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia, Turkey)
- Orsini's viper, meadow viper, Vipera ursinii Template:IUCN status (ssp. moldavica: Template:IUCN status, ssp. rakosiensis: Template:IUCN status) (south-eastern France, central Italy, west Balkans, northern Greece, Hungary, Romania) and:Template:Refn
- Greek meadow viper, Vipera (ursinii) graeca (Albania, Greece)[2]
- European adder, Vipera berus Template:IUCN status and:Template:Refn
- Seoane's viper, Vipera seoanei Template:IUCN status (Iberia)
- Asp viper, Vipera aspis Template:IUCN status (south-western Europe, Italy and Switzerland)
- Lataste's viper, Vipera latastei Template:IUCN status (Iberia)
- Nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes Template:IUCN status (south-eastern Europe, Hungary and Austria)
- Nikolsky's adder, Vipera nikolskii (Ukraine)
- Meadow viper, Vipera renardi (Russia)
- Magnificent viper, Vipera magnifica Template:IUCN status (Russia)
- Orlov's viper, Vipera orlovi Template:IUCN status (Russia)
- Lotiev's viper, Vipera lotievi Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Caucasus subalpine viper, Vipera dinniki Template:IUCN status (Russia, Georgia)
- Milos viper, Macrovipera schweizeri Template:IUCN status (Islands of Milos, Kimolos, Polyaigos, Sifnos)
- Blunt-nosed viper, Macrovipera lebetina (southern Russia, Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
- Subfamily: Crotalinae
- Halys pit viper, Gloydius halys (Russia, Kazakhstan) and:Template:Refn
- Karaganda pit viper, Gloydius caraganus [4] (Kazakhstan, Russia)
See also
- List of European amphibians
- List of European birds
- List of European mammals
- List of extinct animals of Europe
- List of reptiles of Caucasus region
- List of amphibians and reptiles of Cantabria
Further reading
- Arnold N., Ovenden D., Collins Field Guide, Reptiles & Amphibians Britain & Europe, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 2002, Template:ISBN
- Engelmann W., Fritzsche J., Günthner R., Obst F., Beobachten und bestimmen, Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1985
Notes
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References
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- ↑ Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Philippe Geniez, Sherif Baha El Din, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano. 2009. Macroprotodon cucullatus (errata version published in 2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T61533A204862390. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-1.RLTS.T61533A204862390.en. Accessed on 14 February 2023.
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External links
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