List of replaced loanwords in Turkish

The replacing of loanwords in Turkish was part of a policy of Turkification of Turkey's first President Atatürk. The Ottoman Turkish language had many loanwords from Arabic and Persian, but also European languages such as French, Greek, and Italian origin—which were officially replaced with new or revived Turkish terms suggested by the Turkish Language Association (Template:Langx, TDK) during the Turkish language reform, as a part of the cultural reforms—in the broader framework of Atatürk's reforms—following the foundation of the Republic of Turkey.

The TDK, established by Atatürk in 1932 to research the Turkish language, also sought to replace foreign loanwords (mainly Arabic) with their Turkish counterparts. The Association succeeded in removing several hundred Arabic words from the language. While most of the words introduced into the language in this process were newly derived from existing Turkish verbal roots, TDK also suggested using old Turkish words which had not been used in the language for centuries; like yanıt, birey, gözgü. Most of these words are widely used today, whereas their predecessors are considered archaic. Some words were used before language reform too but they were used much less than the Persian ones. Some words were taken from rural areas but most of them had different meanings, like ürün. Mongolian also played an important role too, because Mongolian preserved the old Turkic borrowings, such as ulus and çağ.

There are generational differences in vocabulary preference. While those born before the 1940s tend to use the old Arabic-origin words (even the obsolete ones), younger generations commonly use the newer expressions. Some new words have not been widely adopted, in part because they failed to convey the intrinsic meanings of their old equivalents. Many new words have taken up somewhat different meanings, and cannot necessarily be used interchangeably with their old counterpart. Historically, Arabic was the language of the mosque and Persian was the language of education and poetry. A deliberate usage of either (eschewing the usage of a "western" word) often implies a religious subtext or romanticism, respectively. Similarly, the use of European words may be favored to impart a perceived "modern" character. The use of "pure Turkic" words may be employed as an expression of nationalism or as a linguistic "simplification".

Replaced loanwords of Arabic origin

The list gives the Ottoman Turkish word, the modern spelling of the word in Turkish (as suggested by TDK), the modern Turkish equivalent, and its meaning in English. Arabs also used the following words as loanwords for their language.

* Old words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish counterparts.
** New words that are not as frequently used as the old words.

Ottoman Turkish word and its transliteration	Modern spelling of the Ottoman Turkish word	Modern Turkish equivalent	Meaning in English	Remarks
*			to forgive	From the Persian "to spare."
*			customs, ethics	From the Old Turkic noun "customary law."
*		**	family	From the Old Turkic noun "hearth."
			passage	From the root "to pass."
*,	,	, ,	contract	From the Old Turkic "word."
*		**	wisdom	From the Old Turkic noun "intelligence."
*			relevant, related to	From the Old Turkic root "to tie loosely" and "to touch."
			premonition	From the adjective "front."
			bandage	From the root "to wrap."
			factor	From the root "to do."
			operation, process	From the root "to work."
			public, community	From the Middle Persian adjective "" "all."
			perpendicular; the Arabic survives in the expression amuda kalkmak.	From the root "to plant."
		,	tradition	Created by İsmet İnönü in 1947, from the root "to come."
			customary	Created by İsmet İnönü in 1947, from the root "to come."
*		**, **	soldier	The Turkish words are used in specific contexts such as , "army officer" and "janissary").
*			century	A compound formed by "one hundred" and "year." The replacement does not preserve the distinction between "century" and "hundred years." The distinction is sometimes important: Speaking in 2020, "yedi asır kadar önce" (some seven centuries ago), has a margin of error of some 60 or 70 years and may refer to 1260–1380, whereas "yedi yüzyıl kadar önce" refers to 1320.
*		,	obvious, accurate	From the root "to cut."
*			easy, simple	From the noun "arm."
*			some (pronoun)
*			white	The Arabic word and the Turkish word are used in somewhat different contexts: "beyaz" translates as "fair" or "(white) clean"
*			community	From the adjective "collective."
			forcefully	From the adjective "difficult."
			(law) hearing, session	From the root "to sit."
*			society	From the Mongolian "assembly of the nobles."
*			society	From the adjective "collective."
			south	From the old Turkic "sun" or "day," conserved in some Anatolian dialects to mean "sunny place."
			pus
*			flow	From the root "to flow."
*			answer	From the Old Turkic noun .
*			apparatus
*			approximately, around
*		**	sentence	From the noun "all, entire."
*, *			times (repetition)	Both and are still in popular use.
*		**	treasure	From the root "to bury."
*			evidence
*			era	Borrowed from Mongolian, which itself is from Old Turkic .
*			semester	From the root "to turn."
			dimension, size	From the noun "length"
*			forever	The Turkish word literally means "without-end."
			ancestry	The Turkish word literally means "father."
*			(predestined time of) death	From the root "to die."
		,	stranger, foreigner
*		**	literature	From the root "to write."
			importance
*			cloth	From the root "to wear."
*			order, command	From the Old Turkic noun .
*			security	From the noun "trust."
*			production (music, film)	From the root "to make."
*			hostage	From the root "to hold."
*			surroundings, surrounding area	From the adjective "middle."
*			paper document	In Arabic, is the plural of ; in modern Turkish, is used as often a singular, although it should be used as a plural of .
*			before	Using the adjective "front" as a prefix.
*			active	From the root "to do."
*		**,	interest (monetary)	From the root "to produce."
*			poor	From the root "to not exist."
*			assumption	From the root "to suppose."
*			benefit, utility
*, *			science	From the root "to know."
			flood	From the root "to overflow."
*			group	From the adjective "collective."
			disparity	From the Old Turkic root "to separate."
*			opinion	From the root "to see."
*			verb	From the root "to do."
			west	From the root "to sink."
		, ,	non-, other
			food
*			event, happening, fact, occurrence	From the root , meaning "to be", "to become".
*			memory	The new word is commonly used in electronics, like computer memory, i.e. for cache
*		**	light (in weight)	The Turkish word is rarely used.
			excavation	From the root , meaning "to dig".
*			portion
*			reality
*			judge
, *			situation	From the root "to halt."
			alloy
*			pregnant
*			ruin	From the root "to destroy."
		,	heat, temperature	The old word can be used in both meanings in Turkish language.
*		**	movement, motion
*		, **	letter
*			longing
*			sensitive	From the root "to feel."
*			insect
*, *			mistake
			wood
			steps
*			memoir	From the root "to call to mind."
*, *		, **	life	From the root "to live."
			respectability	From the root "to count."
*			digestion
*			gift
*			board (company)	From the root "to set up."
*		,	anger
*			story	Neologism coined by Nurullah Ataç.
			contrary	From the noun "opposite."
*			feeling	From the root "to feel."
*			teacher	From the root , meaning "to teach".
			border.	Sınır is a Greek borrowing.
*		**	(judiciary) law	From the Old Turkic root "to command."
			summary
*			subject	Coined in 1935 from the root "to be placed."
*		**	comfort
*		**	cell
*			attack	From the root "to attack."
*			respect	From the root "to count."
			heredity	From the root "to remain."
*			insisting	From the adjective "above."
			term	Borrowed from Persian.
			new moon (astronomy)
			communal	From the adjective "collective."
*			administration	From the root "to give direction."
*			urine	The original meaning of the Arabic word is "the action of yielding milk". The Turkish word is derived from an old Turkic verb , meaning "to urinate".
*			narration	From the root "to explain."
*			pride	From the root "to praise."
			passion	From the root "to hold."
			to comprise	From the adjective "inside."
*		,	need	is an Arabic verbal-noun form of , meaning "need"
*			old (age)	From the noun "age."
			backup, spare
*			wide-awake	From the root "to arouse."
			copying (in literature; referencing)	From the root "to take"
			goddess Tanrı (God) + –ça of Serbo-Croatian	Serbo-Croat supplied the feminine suffix, –ça, which Turkish lacked.
*			addition
*			inspiration
*		**	construction, development
*			opportunity, possibility	From the root "to exist."
*			orthography	From the root "to write."
Template:Transliteration			space	From the root "to extend."
		,	examination	From the Tatar root "to test."
*			privilege	From the adjective "separate."
			monopoly	Ömer Asım Aksoy coined from "single hand."
			impression
			election	From the root "to choose."
			plagiarism	From the root "to steal."
			primary; primitive	From the word "first."
*			altitude	The old word is only used in aviation, as in "the altitude of the plane".
*		,	hereditary	From the root "to remain."
*			name
*			abode	From the root "to settle."
*			distribution	From the root "to distribute."
			production	From the root "to produce."
*			direction
*			independence, freedom	From the noun "tie, bond, impediment."
*			rest	From the root "to rest."
*			colony	From the root "to exploit."
			abasement
*			exception
*			indicator	From the root "to show."
		,	occupation
*			association
*			completion	From the adjective "complete, full."
*			clarification	From the root "to open."
			marriage	From the noun "house."
*		,	talent, ability	From the root "to reach."
*			fate	From the root "to write."
*			head
			enough	From the root "to be enough."
			floor
*			universe
*			heart
*			law	Borrowed from Mongolian.
			constitution (law)	Literally "mother law."
*			rhyme	From the root "to comply, fit."
			December	"Aralık" was adopted during the drafting of the 1945 Constitution because it occurred in the text. With the new name for December it became the subject of jokes on the theme that the transition from December to January—Aralıktan Ocağa—now meant passing through the gap into the fire.
			January	"Ocak," the new name for January preserves the meaning of kânun "hearth."
*		,	word	Invented by Melih Cevdet Anday in 1958.
* ( actually has persian root)		**,	red	The Arabic and the Turkish words are used in somewhat different contexts. is mostly used for red hair.
*			part	From the root "to divide."
*		**	book	From the Old Turkic root "to write". Some say it is a loanword from Chinese word , meaning "brush" but it lacks evidence
*		**	curse	From the root "to swear, curse."
*		,	power, force	In physics, the old word is used for "force" and the new word is used for "power".
			whole
*		**	sphere
			joke	The new word is also of Arabic origin (from the word ()), meaning "pity, being unfortunate"
*			language	means both tongue in the physical sense and language, while "lisan" only means tongue in the language sense.
			dictionary
*			necessary
			education
*			salary	From the noun "moon, month"
*			temple	From the root "to worship."
*		**	material, materialistic	The Turkish word is exclusively used in the context of philosophy.
			ligament	The old word is used for "hinge" (non-anatomical).
*		**	wronged, injured	The new word is almost never used.
*			defeat	From the root "to defeat."
			regional
			hidden	From the root "to hide."
			creature	From the root "to create."
*			product	The new word actually meant "weed".
*			peculiar
*, *, *		,	goal
*		,	reasonable	From the root "to comply."
*			meaning	From the root "to comprehend."
*		**	moral, spiritual	The Turkish word is exclusively used in the context of philosophy.
			obstacle
*		,	cost	From the root "to go, leave."
*			printing	From the root "to press."
			beginning
,		,	metaphor	Arabic word almost only used in literature.
*			obligation, obligatory	Both the new and the old words can be used as either a noun or an adjective.
*			unknown	From the root "to know."
*			civil	Borrowed from Uyghur.
*			civilization	From the name of the Uyghur , who established an advanced civilization in Eastern Turkestan in the tenth to twelfth centuries.
			concept	From the root "to grasp, understand."
			disgusting
*			country	The old word is used for "one's native region"
			root
			ceremony
			area, measure of	From the root "to measure."
			elegy
*			distance	From the root "to extend."
*			urinary bladder
*			for example
*		,	happy	Arabic word almost never used alone in daily speech, mostly used together with the new word in the saying "mutlu mesut".
			responsibility
*			famous	From the noun "fame."
*			beverage	From the root "to drink."
*		,	location	From the root "to settle."
			location	From the root "to divide."
*,		**	open area, plaza	While the new word is used mainly in mathematics (as in the "area" of a triangle), it is seldom used with the same meaning of the old words except in compound words like (airport), not (older version).
			inclination	From the root "to incline."
*		**	cemetery	From the root "to bury."
			region	From the root "to divide."
*			nation	From the Mongolian noun "confederation of people."
*		**	inheritance	From the root "to remain."
*			guest	From the root "to settle."
*			example
*		,	lazy	From the root "to numb."
*			treatment, behavior	From the root "to behave."
			puzzle, trivia	From the root "to know."
		,	contemporary
*			helper
*		**	miracle	The new word is almost never used.
			nourisher
			deceptive statement	From the root "to mislead."
			singer
			irregularity
			irregular	The old word has only remained as a legal term meaning "adverse".
		,	communication	From the root "to transmit."
			emigration	From the root "to move."
		,	attacker, offender	From the root "to attack."
			immigrant	From the root "to move."
			convex	From the root "to bend."
*			conservation	From the root "to protect."
			protector	From the root "to protect."
*		,	judgment, argumentation
*			certain(ly)
			investigator	From the root "to ask."
			impossible	From the root "to exist."
*			opposition	From the adjective "opposite."
		,	pre-determined
			pentagon	From the noun "five."
,			war
			warrior
		,	written	From the root "to write."
		,	provoker	From the root "to provoke."
			siege	From the root "to encircle."
*		**	accounting, bookkeeping	From the root "to count."
*		**	accountant, bookkeeper	From the root "to count."
*			possible	From the root "to happen."
			ingredients	From the adjective "inside."
			sacred
		,	tidy	From the root "to align."
			square	A loanword from the French .
			moderate(ly)
			success	From the root "to succeed (in)."
			exaggeration	From the root "to exaggerate."
*		,	endeavor
			abstract	From the root "to strip."
			sustain, protect, defend	From the root "to protect."
*			intervention	From the root "to interfere, meddle with."
			lieutenant	From the Old Turkic "to touch," which Turkish retains as .
*			duration	From the root "to last."
			intellect (in psychology)	A loanword from the French
			well behaved, demure	From the noun "intelligence."
			(written) piece	From the root "to make."
			writer	From the root "to write."
			secured	From the adjective "alive."
			feminine
			foundation	From the root "to set up." Kurum is recorded in Tarama Sözlüğü (1963–77) as occurring in two dictionaries from the fourteenth and eighteenth century.
			touching	From the root "to touch."
			founder	From the root "to set up."
			thought capacity	From the root "to think."
			singular	From the adjective "single."
			one that's gone bankrupt	From the root "to sink."
*			important	From the noun "importance."
		,	believer	From the root "to believe."
*			relation	From the Old Turkic root "to tie loosely" and "to touch."
			voter	From the root "to choose."
			application	From the root "to apply."
		,	ink	From the root "to unite."
			type setter	From the root "to align."
			match, competition	From the adjective "opposite."
			tolerance	From the root "to see."
			equal	From the noun "pair."
			hexagon	From the noun "six."
*			inappropriate, obscene	From the root "to comply."
			colony (exploitee)	From the root "to exploit."
			draft
			similar	From the root "to resemble."
			similarity	From the root "to resemble."
			concrete (in concept, the opposite of abstract)
		**	difficult
			polytheist
			derivative	Borrowed from Kazakh, where verbs end not in –mek/–mak, but in –v.
		,	one who complains, whiner
			attachment, appendage	From the root "to add."
			partner	From the noun "middle."
*		,	customer	From the root "to buy."
			thought	From the root "to think."
			armistice	From the noun "oath."
			a lot, many
			malodorous	From the root "to smell."
*		**	contractor
		,	after, thereafter	From the adjective "behind."
			transcendentalism
		,	related (to)	From the Old Turkic root "to tie loosely" and "to touch."
		,	something that has widespread	From the root "to radiate."
		**	axiom
			remaining	From the root "to remain."
		,	one that changes, undecided	From the root "to change."
		,	one that smiles	From the root "to laugh."
			homogenous
			attacker	From the root "to attack."
			religious	Borrowed from Persian, where it means "owner of religion."
			sad (person)	From the root "to aggrieve."
			thinker, intellectual	From the root "to think."
			untidy	From the root "to distribute."
			durable
		,	mobile
*			honorable
			expert	From the Old Turkic noun "skilled craftsman" and the intensive suffix "–man" in "fat" and "huge."
			entrepreneur	From the root "to enter."
*			humble
		,	dead	From the root "to die."
*		**	ally	From the root "to tie."
			auction
			chronic	From the root "to last."
*, *			rare(ly)
			melody
*			minus
*			advice, counsel
			minister
*			breath
			hate
			tissue
*			generation
*			result	From the combination of old Turkic nouns "end" and "latter."
			hemorrhage	From the noun "blood"
			half	From the root "to split."
*			final(ly)
*			wedding	In modern Turkish, is generally used for the wedding ceremony, while is used for the wedding reception or party.
*			ratio	From the Old Turkic noun for "measure," "proportion" or "moderation."
*			speech	Borrowed from Kazakh, where verbs end not in –mek/–mak, but in –v.
*			prosperity
*			despite, in spite of	From the adjective "opposite."
			president
			vote
*			retreat	From the root "to pull."
*		**	spirit	The Turkish word is almost never used, except in the context of philosophy.
*		,	moisture	From the adjective "dank."
*			dream
, *			plain	The Turkish word is rarely used.
*		,	stage, phase
*			bile
*			coast
*		**	owner	The Turkish word is seldom used; however, it is commonly used in the context of grammar when describing the possessive suffix ()
			surface	From the noun "face."
		,	car	is the outdated expression for "car" in Arabic. The current word in Arabic for car is but in Turkish , means "transportable" or given to travel.
*			reason
			embassy
			health, soundness
			sky
*			year
			health	From the adjective "alive."
*			magic
*			chat	From the root "to say."
			question	From the root "to ask."
			peace
			artificial	From the root "to make."
			silence	From the noun "voice."
*			witness	From the root "to recognize."
*			poet
			barley
			east	From the root "to be born."
*			condition	Coined in 1947 by Nurullah Ataç.
			north	From the noun "side of a mountain out of reach of the sun." Kuzey was also used in some Anatolian dialects, meaning sunless place.
			ray, gleam
			connection, relation	From the Old Turkic root "to tie loosely" and "to touch."
*			layer	From the noun "floor."
*			nature	From the root "to be born."
*			natural	From the root "to be born."
*		**	narration
			nationality	The word "milliyet" is more commonly used.
*			(laboratory) test (as in medicine)
*		**	guess, prediction	From the root "to cut."
*		**	follow-up	From the root "to watch."
*			request, demand, wish	From the root "to demand, request."
			student (plural of , "seeker" [of knowledge])	From the Old Turkic root "to feed."
			circular, notice	From the adjective "general."
*, *			repair, renovation	From the root "to repair."
*			side
			observation
*		**	date (in time)	The Arabic word also means "history". The Turkish word (literally meaning "day-month") is rarely used.
			(sexual) harassment	From the root "to dangle from."
		,	imagine
			approve
			correction	From the adjective "even, flat."
*			description
			airplane	From the root "to fly."
*			advice
			equivalence	From the adjective "equal."
			reaction, behavior	From the root "to behave."
			smile	From the root "to laugh."
			change	From the root "to change."
*			congratulate	From the root "to celebrate."
			emerge, appear
			appearance, manifestation	From the root "to see."
*			experience	From the root "to attempt."
*			equipment
*		**	therapy
*			precaution	From the root "to prevent."
			teaching
			agony	From the root "to aggrieve."
		,	maturation, metamorphosis, evolution
			retirement
			standing surety
*			proposal	From the root "to propose."
*			again
*		,	worry
*			Court of Cassation (in modern Turkey)	Borrowed from Chagatai.
			congruity	From the root "to conform."
*			warning	From the root "to warn."
			progress
*			translation
*			hesitancy	From the root "to halt, stop."
*			order, tidiness	From the root "to align."
			effect	From the root "to do."
*			console	From the root "to console oneself."
*			diagnosis	From the root "to recognize."
*			organization	From the noun "plait."
			to constitute
			October	From the root "to harvest."
			November
*		,	(providing) incentive, provocation
*			research
			birth	From the root "to be born."
			worth-mentioning	From the root "to call to mind."
*			business
*			constituent, element
*			(professional) title
*		**	style
*			promise (noun)
*			event	From the root "to happen."
			dignified	The Turkish expression literally means "heavy headed".
*			feature, quality
			vehicle
			vast
*			homeland
*			task, mission
*			and	From the Old Turkic root "to tie loosely" and "to touch."
			apprehension, fancy
*			province
			interpretation, analysis, comment
*			minute of proceeding, trial	From the root "to hold."
*		**	pronoun	From the noun "noun."
			angle	From the root "to open."
			valuable	The word zikıymet is very rarely used but the word "kıymetli" (also meaning valuable) is used commonly.

Replaced loanwords of French origin

French words started to infiltrate the Turkish language in the time of Franco-Ottoman alliance, and further when administrative reforms (Tanzimat) started taking place in the Ottoman Empire. The extent of French influence was such that the number of French loanwords was close to 5,000.

Most of the French loanwords are still widely used in Turkish today.

* Words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish counterparts.

Loanword	Turkish equivalent	Meaning in English	Original French spelling
ajanda *	andaç (replaced with gündem)	agenda	agenda
aksesuar *	süs	accessory (decorative)	accessoire
aktif *	etkin	active	actif
alternatif *	seçenek	alternative (noun)	alternatif
analiz *	çözümleme	analysis	analyse
asansör	?	lift	ascenseur
asimilasyon, anabolizma *	özümleme	assimilation, anabolism	assimilation, anabolisme
astronomi *	gökbilim	astronomy	astronomie
avantaj *	üstünlük	advantage	avantage
done	veri	data	donnée
detay *	ayrıntı	detail	détail
direkt *	doğrudan	directly	direct
dikte *	yazdırım	dictation	dictée
doktrin	öğreti	doctrine	doctrine
doküman *	belge	document	document
domestik *	evcil	domestic	domestique
dominant	baskın	dominant	dominant
egzersiz *	alıştırma	exercise	exercice
endemik *	salgın	endemic	endémique
enerji *	erke	energy	énergie
enflamasyon *	yangı	inflammation	inflammation
enformatik	bilişim	information technology	informatique
enteresan *	ilginç	interesting	intéressant
eritrosit	alyuvar	red blood cell	érythrocyte
eksper *	bilirkişi	expert	expert
faks *	belgeç, belgegeçer	fax	fax
faktör *	etken	factor	facteur
fenomen *	olgu	phenomenon	phénomène
filoloji *	dilbilim	philology	philologie
filtre *	süzgeç	filter	filtre
fizyoloji *	işlevbilim	physiology	physiologie
fonksiyon *	işlev	function	fonction
fotokopi *	tıpkıbasım	photocopy	photocopie
garanti *	güvence	insurance, assurance	garantie
global *	küresel	global	global
gramer	dil bilgisi	grammar	grammaire
grup *	öbek	group	groupe
halüsinasyon *	sanrı	hallucination	hallucination
histoloji	doku bilimi	histology	histologie
homojen *	bağdaşık	homogenous	homogène
hoplamak*	zıplamak	Jump	Oup La
illüzyon *	yanılsama	illusion	illusion
istatistik *	sayımlama	statistics	statistiques
izolasyon *	yalıtım	isolation	isolation
kalite *	nitelik	quality	qualité
kampüs *	yerleşke	campus	campus
kapasite *	sığa, kapsam	capacity	capacité
karakter *	kişilik	character, personality	caractère
kategori *	ulam	category	catégorie
kompleks *	karmaşık	complex	complexe
komünikasyon	iletişim	communication	communication
konsantrasyon *	derişim	concentration	concentration
konsolidasyon *	süreletme	consolidation (economics)	consolidation
kontrol *	denetim	control	contrôle
korelasyon	bağıntı	correlation	corrélation
kramp *	kasınç	(muscle) cramp	crampe
kriter *	ölçüt	criterion	critère
kronik *	süreğen	chronic(al)	chronique
kuaför *	güzellik salonu/berber	beauty/hair salon, barber	coiffeur
külot *	don	underpants	culotte
kürdan *	?	tooth pick	cure-dent
lenf *	ak kan	lymph	lymphe
liste *	dizelge	list	liste
lökosit	akyuvar	white blood cell	leucocyte
medya *	basın-yayın	media	média
mekanizma *	düzenek	mechanism	mécanisme
meridyen *	boylam	longitude	méridien
mesaj, posta *	ileti	message	message
metamorfoz *	başkalaşım	metamorphosis	métamorphose
metot *	yöntem	method	méthode
monoton *	tekdüze	monotonous	monotone
mobilya *	döşenek	furniture	mobilier
moral *	özgüç	moral	morale
mutasyon *	değişinim	mutation	mutation
normal *	olağan	normal	normal
objektif *	nesnel	objective	objectif
organizasyon *	düzenleme	organization	organisation
orijinal *	özgün	original	original
otorite *	yetke	authority	autorité
over	yumurtalık	ovary	ovaire
paradoks *	çelişki	paradox	paradoxe
Template:Not a typo *	enlem	latitude	parallèle
parazit *	asalak	parasite	parasite
pasif *	edilgen	passive	passif
performans *	başarım	performance	performance
plaj *	kumsal	beach	plage
plato *	yayla	plateau	plateau
popüler, favori *	gözde	popular, favorite	populaire, favori
prensip *	ilke	principal	principe
prezentasyon	sunum	presentation	présentation
primer	birincil	primary	primaire
problem *	sorun	problem	problème
prodüktör	yapımcı	producer	producteur
program *	izlence	program	programme
proje *	tasarı	project	projet
prosedür *	işlem, işleyiş	procedure	procédure
proses	süreç	process	procès
provokasyon	kışkırtma	provocation	provocation
radyoaktif *	ışın etkin	radioactive	radioactif
randıman *	verim	efficiency	rendement
rapor *	yazanak	report	rapport
rejisör *	yönetmen	director	régisseur
resesif	çekinik	recessive	récessif
restoran *	aşevi	restaurant	restaurant
rezistans	direnç	resistance	résistance
sekunder, sekonder	ikincil	secondary	secondaire
sekreter *	yazman	secretary	secrétaire
sembol *	simge	symbol	symbole
semptom *	belirti	symptom	symptôme
sendrom *	belirge	syndrome	syndrome
sentez *	bireşim	synthesis	synthèse
sistem *	dizge	system	système
simülasyon *	öğrence	simulation	simulation
solüsyon	çözelti	solution	solution
spesifik	özellikli	specific	spécifique
spesiyal	özel	special	spécial
standart *	ölçün	standard	standard
statik *	duruk	static	statique
statü *	durum	status	statut
subjektif *	öznel	subjective	subjectif
teori *	kuram	theory	théorie
tretuvar	kaldırım	pavement / sidewalk	trottoir
tümör *	ur	tumor	tumeur
versiyon *	sürüm	version	version
viraj *	dönemeç	turn (as in traffic)	virage
ultrason *	yansılanım (the act of echoing)	ultrasound	ultrason

Replaced loanwords of Persian origin

The list gives the Ottoman Turkish word, the modern spelling of the word in Turkish (as suggested by TDK), the modern Turkish equivalent, and its meaning in English.

Most of the original Persian words are still widely used in modern Turkish. In fact, there are over 1,500 Persian words in Turkish. However, for many of the Persian words (unlike Arabic words), there is no TDK-prescribed equivalent. TDK did not put as much effort into replacing Persian words as it did for Arabic words, largely because the Persian words were better assimilated into the language. Arabic language and culture is general perceived by Turks to be more "foreign" than Persian language and culture, which had a native presence in Anatolia since the time of the Achaemenids, and was patronised for millennia afterwards by other dynasties with a presence in Anatolia such as the Sasanians, Seleucids, Seljuks, Sultanate of Rum, and lastly, the Ottomans, amongst others.

* New words that are not as frequently used as the old words.

Ottoman Turkish word and its transliteration	Modern spelling of the Ottoman Turkish word	Modern Turkish equivalent	Meaning in English	Remarks
*			lector
*			plant	From the root "to grow."
*			together
*			kiss
*			war
*			solution
*			face
*			circle
*			kind, variety
*			quarter	Both the Persian and the Turkish expressions literally mean one in four.
*			pain
*			death	From the root "to die."
*			other
*			enemy
*			horizontal
*			worry
*			sale	From the root "to sell."
*			meat
*			élite
*			patient, sick	The original Persian word actually means tired
*			always
*			yet
*			cunning
*			moonlight
* *			conservative	From the root "to hold."
*			fussy
*			bread
*			optimist
*			shoe	Both the Persian and the Turkish words literally mean foot cover.
*			vanguard
*			drunk
* *			fake	From the root "to align."
*			head
*			free, footloose
*			rascal
*			black
*			fall (season)
*			ride	From the root "to ride."
*			individual	From the root "from someone."
*			valuable
*			city	The word kent is of Sogdian origin.
*			new
*			lazy
*			ruin
*			hope
*			helper
*			monotonous
*			whole
*			poison, toxin
*			rich
*			difficult

Replaced loanwords of other origin

* Words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish counterparts.
** New words that are not as frequently used as the old words

Loanword	Turkish equivalent	Meaning in English	Origin language	Original spelling	Remarks
angarya *	yüklenti **	drudgery, forced labor	Greek	αγγαρεία (angareia)	The Turkish word is still unused.
endoskopi *	iç görüm ** ("inside seeing")	endoscopy	Greek (via English)		The Turkish word is less common.
fetüs *	dölüt	fetus	Latin	fetus, foetus	The Turkish word is used occasionally.
genetik *	kalıtım (bilimi) ("the science of heredity")	genetics	German	Genetik	Both the loanword and the Turkish word are used.
hegemonya *	boyunduruk	hegemony	Greek	ηγεμονία (igemonia)	The Turkish word is more commonly used.
İnternet *	Genel Ağ **	Internet	English		The Turkish word is still unused.
konsonant	ünsüz	consonant	German	Konsonant	The loanword is now unused.
kundura *	ayakkabı	shoe	Italian	condura	The Turkish word is more commonly used.
otoban *	otoyol	highway	German	Autobahn	Both the loanword and the Turkish word are used.
vokal	ünlü	vowel	German	Vokal	The loanword is now unused.
pezevenk *	dümbük **	pimp	Armenian	բոզավագ (bozavag)	The Turkish word is less common.

See also

• Animal name changes in Turkey
• Geographical name changes in Turkey
• List of French loanwords in Persian

Sources

• Yazım Kılavuzu, the official spelling guide of the Turkish language on TDK website