List of presidents of Russia

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates The office of the president of Russia is the highest authority in the Russian Federation. The holder is the federation's head of state and has formal presidency over the State Council as well as being the commander in chief of the Russian Armed Forces. The office was introduced in 1918 after the February Revolution with the current office emerging after a referendum of 1991. During the Soviet period of history, Russia was de jure headed by collective bodies such as the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, since the Soviet theory of government denied the very necessity of the presidential office. The office of the President of the Soviet Union was introduced in 1990 during Mikhail Gorbachev's unsuccessful reforms of the Soviet Union's one-party communist state. Gorbachev became first and last president of the Union. His tenure was marked by the legal and political confrontation with Russia and other republics of the USSR which eventually led to their full independence in late 1991.

Presidents

Nonpartisan         CPSU         NDR         OVR         Unity         United Russia         Acting PMs
		Portrait	President	Term of office	Term	Previous office	Prime Minister
rowspan="10" style="background:Template:Party color" height="99" |	1	File:Борис Николаевич Ельцин-1 (cropped).jpg	Boris Yeltsin Борис Ельцин 1931–2007 File:Yeltsin signature.svg	10 July 1991 – 31 December 1999 (resigned from office) (Template:Age in years and days)	1 (1991) Template:NoteTag	Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia (1990–1991)	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Ivan Silayev
style="background:Template:Party color"|							Himself
style="background:Template:Party color"|							Yegor Gaidar
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color"|							Viktor Chernomyrdin
2 (1996)
					style="background:Template:Party color"|		Sergei Kiriyenko
					style="background:Template:Party color"|		Viktor Chernomyrdin
							Yevgeny Primakov
					style="background:Template:Party color"|		Sergei Stepashin
					rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color"|		Vladimir Putin
rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color"; height="250" |	2	File:Vladimir Putin official portrait (cropped).jpg	Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 (age ) File:Putin signature.svg	7 May 2000 – 7 May 2008 (acting from 31 December 1999) (Template:Age in years and days)	3 (2000)	Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000)
style="background:Template:Party color"|							Mikhail KasyanovTemplate:NoteTag
rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color"|							Mikhail Fradkov
4 (2004)
					style="background:Template:Party color"|		Viktor Zubkov
style="background:Template:Party color"; height="250" |	3	File:Dmitry Medvedev official large photo -1 (cropped).jpg	Dmitry Medvedev Дмитрий Медведев Born 1965 (age ) File:Signature of Dmitry Medvedev.svg	7 May 2008 – 7 May 2012 (Template:Age in years and days)	5 (2008)	First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia (2005–2008)	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Vladimir Putin
style="background:Template:Party color"|	4	File:Vladimir Putin - 2012.jpg	Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 (age ) File:Putin signature.svg	7 May 2012 – Present (Template:Age in years and days)	6 (2012)	Prime Minister of Russia (2008–2012)	style="background:Template:Party color"|	Viktor Zubkov
rowspan=4 style="background: Template:Party color"; height="250" |							rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color"|	Dmitry Medvedev
7 (2018)
					rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color"|		Mikhail Mishustin
8 (2024)

Acting presidents

Nonpartisan      NDR      Unity
	Portrait	Acting President	Term of office	Main post	Notes
style="background:Template:Party color;"|	File:Evstafiev-alexander-rutskoy-w.jpg	Alexander Rutskoy Александр Руцкой Born 1947 (age )	22 September – 4 October 1993	Vice President	Acting president during the 1993 constitutional crisis. His powers were not recognized by Boris Yeltsin.
style="background:Template:Party color;"|	File:Viktor Chernomyrdin-1.jpg	Viktor Chernomyrdin Виктор Черномырдин 1938–2010 (aged 72)	5–6 November 1996	Prime Minister	Acting president during Boris Yeltsin's heart surgery.
style="background:Template:Party color;"|	File:Vladimir Putin official portrait (cropped).jpg	Vladimir Putin Владимир Путин Born 1952 (age )	31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000		Acting president after Yeltsin's early resignation.

Timeline

<timeline> Define $width = 800 Define $warning = 680 Define $height = 250 Define $now = 15/05/2026

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy

Define $start = 01/01/1931 Define $end = 2027

ImageSize = width:$width height:$height PlotArea = right:10 left:7 bottom:80 top:50 Period = from:$start till:$end TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:1

Colors =

    id:bg              value:white
    id:lightline       value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
    id:lighttext       value:rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
    id:LIFESPAN        value:rgb(0.9, 0.9, 0.9) Legend: Lifespan_besides_presidency
    id:INDEPENDENT     value:rgb(0.65, 0.65, 0.65) Legend: Independent
    id:NDR value:rgb(0.16, 0.09, 0.44) Legend: Our_Home_–_Russia
    id:UNITY value:rgb(0.13, 0.5, 0.81) Legend: Unity_(and_affiliated)
    id:UNITED_RUSSIA value:rgb(0.12, 0.33, 0.68) Legend: United_Russia_(and_affiliated)
    id:NAME            value:rgb(0.15, 0.13, 0.05) 
    id:TODAY           value:lightpurple

BackgroundColors = canvas:bg ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightline unit:year increment:1 start:$start ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lighttext unit:year increment:10 start:01/01/1940

Define $dy = -5 # shift text to button side of bar

LineData=

  at:$now color:TODAY width:0.1

PlotData=

 bar:1 width:18
   color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
   from:01/02/1931 till:23/04/2007 shift:(-0,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Boris Yeltsin
   color:INDEPENDENT
   from:10/07/1991 till:31/12/1999

 bar:2 width:15
   color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
   from:16/09/1947 till:$now shift:(-50,$dy) textcolor:NAME align:center text:Alexander Rutskoy (acting; disputed)
   color:INDEPENDENT
   from:22/09/1993 till:04/10/1993

 bar:3 width:15
   color:LIFESPAN align:center fontsize:M
   from:09/04/1938 till:03/11/2010 shift:(-50,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Viktor Chernomyrdin (acting)
   color:NDR
   from:05/11/1996 till: 06/11/1996

 bar:4 width:20
   color:LIFESPAN align:left fontsize:M
   from:07/10/1952 till:$now shift:(-97,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Vladimir Putin
   color:UNITY
   from:31/12/1999 till:01/12/2001
   color:UNITED_RUSSIA
   from:01/12/2001 till:07/05/2008
   color:UNITED_RUSSIA
   from:07/05/2012 till:26/05/2012
   color:UNITED_RUSSIA
   from:26/05/2012 till:$now

 bar:5 width:20
   color:LIFESPAN align:left fontsize:M
   from:14/09/1965 till:$now shift:(-97,$dy) textcolor:NAME text:Dmitry Medvedev
   color:UNITED_RUSSIA
   from:07/05/2008 till:07/05/2012

TextData =

  pos:(175,$height)
  fontsize:L
  textcolor:black
  text:"Lifespan of each President and Acting President of Russia"

</timeline>

File:Life expectancy in RSFSR and RF vs leader.png

Graph of change of life expectancy in the Russian SFSR and Russia under various leaders

Subsequent public service

Two presidents held other high offices after leaving the presidency.

President	Presidency	Subsequent service
Vladimir Putin	2000–2008	Prime Minister (2008–2012)
		President (2012–present)
Dmitry Medvedev	2008–2012	Prime Minister (2012–2020)
		Deputy Chairman of the Security Council (2020–present)

See also

• President of Russia
• List of leaders of Russia
  • List of Russian monarchs (before 1917)
  • List of heads of state of Russia (from 1917)
• Politics of Russia
• Government of Russia

External links

• Central Bank of Russia
• Energy Statistics for Russia – From the Energy Information Administration
• Federative Council—Official site of the parliamentary upper house