List of ports in India
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In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (minor ports). As of 2024, the country has 14 major ports[1] and 217 non-major ports. Major ports are administered by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways under the Government of India, whereas non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective state governments, including private ports operating under the public–private partnership (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by fishing vessels and ferries.[2]
India has a coastline of 11,098 kilometres,[3] forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23.[4] Mundra Port is the largest container port in India and it's maximum cargo till date received is 338 MMTPA.
In 2024, the upcoming International Container Transshipment Port, Galathea Bay was notified as India's 13th major port. However, its first phase of development is expected to be commissioned only in 2028.[1] Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.[5] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project,[6] and National Maritime Development Program.[7]
Classification of ports
According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.
The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo.[8] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23.[9]
Capacity
The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa.[10] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020.[11]Mundra Port is the largest port as well as the highest capacity port in India, and it's also the largest container port by volume. It has a capacity to handle 338 MMT (Million Metric Tons) of cargo annually.Paradip Port has the 2nd highest cargo capacity of 150 MMT.Kandla Port has 3rd highest capacity.
Ship building
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India has been building large ships after the independence using companies like Hindustan Shipyard, Pipavav Shipyard and Cochin Shipyard. SS Jala Usha, a steamship built by Hindustan Shipyard in 1948 and the first of its kind to be built within the Indian subcontinent after WW-II.The first oil tanker built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) was the MV Rani Padmini, which was delivered in July 1981.[12] India launched 93,000 DWT oil tanker in 2002 under Third Vajpayee ministry, The ship named Maharshi Parashuram built by Cochin Shipyard was 237 meter long double vessel was fitted with 14,300 HP engine.[13] Abul Kalam Azad is another similar-size oil tanker ship built by Cochin Shipyard in 1999 which has been scrapped.[14]
Ship breaking
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since January 2020[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target.[15] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard.[15] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit.[16]
Major ports
Script error: No such module "Location map/multi". The ports under the central Government of india are known as Major ports, and other ports in India are classified as minor ports. The following are the major ports of India:[17][18]
Minor ports
River ports
- Dhubri Port
- Durgachak Port
- Kottayam Port
- Farakka Port
- Magdalla Port
- Pandu Port
- Varanasi Port
- Sahebganj Port
Unranked ports
- Angré Port
- Beypore Port
- Bedi Port
- New Bedi Port
- Bhavnagar Port
- Bhankodar Port
- Gangolli Port
- Jakhau Port
- Karanja Port
- Karwar Port
- Kollam Port
- Mandvi Port and Shipyard
- Nagapattinam Port
- Navlakhi Port
- Okha Port
- Port Blair Port
- Porbandar Port
- Rajula Port
- Redi Port
- Rewas Port
- Rozi Port
- Vadinar Port
- Salav Port
- Sikka Port
- Simar Port
See also
- Mother Ports
- Gujarat Maritime Board
- Maharashtra Maritime Board
- Karnataka Maritime Board
- Kerala Maritime Board
- Naval Base Karwar
References
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- ↑ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mha-indias-recalculated-coastline-up-48-in-53-years/articleshow/116927468.cms
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- ↑ a b India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
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- ↑ https://sagarmala.gov.in/sites/default/files/5.Final_Master_Plan_Kandla.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
- ↑ https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/msc-turkiye-world-biggest-green-cargo-ship-docks-at-adani-vizhinjam-port-2706724-2025-04-10
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External links
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