List of philosophers born in the 19th century

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Template:Short description Template:Lists of philosophers Philosophers born in the 19th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

Template:Compact ToC

A

Muhammad Abduh, (1849–1905)Template:Listref
Robert Adamson, (1852–1902)
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, (1839–1897)Template:Listref
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, (1890–1963)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, (1817–1860)
Samuel Alexander, (1859–1938)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
B. R. Ambedkar, (1891–1956)
Henri-Frédéric Amiel, (1821–1881)
John Anderson, (1893–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Roberto Ardigò, (1828–1920)
Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus, (1894–1975)Template:Listref
Sri Aurobindo, (1872–1950)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Richard Avenarius, (1843–1896)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref

B

Gaston Bachelard, (1884–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Alfred Baeumler, (1887–1968)
Alexander Bain, (1818–1903)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895–1975)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Mikhail Bakunin, (1814–1876)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
James Mark Baldwin, (1861–1934)
Karl Barth, (1886–1968)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, (1805–1895)
Georges Bataille, (1897–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Bruno Bauer, (1809–1882)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
David Baumgardt, (1890–1963)Template:Listref
Oskar Becker, (1889–1964)
Vissarion Belinsky, (1811–1848)Template:Listref
Gustave Belot, (1859–1929)
Julien Benda, (1867–1956)
Walter Benjamin, (1892–1940)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Nikolai Berdyaev, (1874–1948)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Henri Bergson, (1859–1941)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Eduard Bernstein, (1850–1932)Template:Listref
Nathan Birnbaum, (1864–1937)
Brand Blanshard, (1892–1987)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ernst Bloch, (1885–1977)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Maurice Blondel, (1861–1949)Template:Listref
Benjamin Paul Blood, (1832–1919)
Hermann Blumenau, (1819–1899)
George Boas, (1891–1980)
Alexander Bogdanov, (1873–1928)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Niels Bohr, (1885–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ludwig Boltzmann, (1844–1906)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
John Elof Boodin, (1869–1950)
George Boole, (1815–1864)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Bernard Bosanquet, (1848–1923)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Emile Boutroux, (1845–1921)Template:Listref
Oets Kolk Bouwsma, (1898–1978)Template:Listref
Borden Parker Bowne, (1847–1910)Template:Listref
F. H. Bradley, (1846–1924)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Franz Brentano, (1838–1917)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Percy Williams Bridgman, (1882–1961)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Edgar S. Brightman, (1884–1953)Template:Listref Template:Listref
C. D. Broad, (1887–1971)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, (1881–1966)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Orestes Brownson, (1803–1876)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Constantin Brunner, (1862–1937)
Emil Brunner, (1889–1966)Template:Listref
Leon Brunschvicg, (1869–1944)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, (1838–1922)Template:Listref
Martin Buber, (1878–1965)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ludwig Büchner, (1824–1899)Template:Listref
Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov, (1871–1944)Template:Listref
Rudolf Bultmann, (1884–1976)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jacob Burckhardt, (1818–1897)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Samuel Butler, (1835–1902)Template:Listref Template:Listref

C

Cai Yuanpei, (1868–1940)
Edward Caird, (1835–1908)Template:Listref
Mary Whiton Calkins, (1863–1930)
Norman Robert Campbell, (1880–1949)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Georg Cantor, (1845–1918)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Pantaleo Carabellese, (1877–1948)Template:Listref
Rudolf Carnap, (1891–1970)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Lewis Carroll, (1832–1898)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Paul Carus, (1852–1919)
Ernst Cassirer, (1874–1945)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Carlo Cattaneo, (1801–1869)Template:Listref
Emile Auguste Chartier, (1868–1951)
Nikolai Chernyshevsky, (1828–1889)Template:Listref
Ch'ien Mu, (1895–1990)Template:Listref
Leon Chwistek, (1884–1944)
August Cieszkowski, (1814–1894)Template:Listref
William Kingdon Clifford, (1845–1879)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Chapman Cohen, (1868–1954)
Hermann Cohen, (1842–1918)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
R. G. Collingwood, (1889–1943)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Josephus Flavius Cook, (1838–1901)
John Cook Wilson, (1849–1915)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, (1877–1947)
Hans Cornelius, (1863–1947)
Antoine Augustin Cournot, (1801–1877)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Louis Couturat, (1868–1914)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
James Edwin Creighton, (1861–1924)
Benedetto Croce, (1866–1952)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Tadeusz Czezowski, (1889–1981)
Heinrich Czolbe, (1819–1873)Template:Listref

D

Nikolay Danilevsky (1822–1885)
Charles Darwin, (1809–1882)Template:Listref
Augustus De Morgan, (1806–1871)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Francesco de Sanctis, (1817–1883)
Richard Dedekind, (1831–1916)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Galvano Della Volpe, (1895–1968)
Paul Deussen, (1845–1919)
John Dewey, (1859–1952)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Albert Venn Dicey, (1835–1922)Template:Listref
Wilhelm Dilthey, (1833–1911)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hugo Dingler, (1881–1954)
Juan Donoso Cortés (1809–1853)
Herman Dooyeweerd, (1894–1977)Template:Listref
Fyodor Dostoevsky, (1821–1881)Template:Listref
Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch, (1867–1941)
Emil du Bois-Reymond, (1818–1896)Template:Listref
Curt Ducasse, (1881–1969)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Pierre Duhem, (1861–1916)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Eugen Dühring, (1833–1921)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Émile Durkheim, (1858–1917)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Manilal Dwivedi, (1858–1898)

E

Julius Ebbinghaus, (1885–1981)
Arthur Eddington, (1882–1944)
Mary Baker Eddy, (1821–1910)
Christian von Ehrenfels, (1856–1932)
Albert Einstein, (1879–1955)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
George Eliot, (1819–1880)Template:Listref
Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1803–1882)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (1846–1926)
Julius Evola, (1898–1974)

F

Thome H. Fang, (1899–1976)Template:Listref
Gustav Fechner, (1801–1887)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Feng Youlan, (1895–1990)Template:Listref
Ernest Fenollosa, (1853–1908)
Giuseppe Ferrari, (1812–1876)
James Frederick Ferrier, (1808–1864)Template:Listref
Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804–1872)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Kuno Fischer, (1824–1907)
John Fiske, (1842–1901)
Franciszek Fiszer, (1860–1937)
Robert Flint, (1838–1910)
Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii, (1882–1937)Template:Listref
Georges Florovsky, (1893–1979)
Jerome Frank, (1889–1957)Template:Listref
Philipp Frank, (1884–1966)
Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)Template:Listref
Gottlob Frege, (1848–1925)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Sigmund Freud, (1856–1939)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hans Freyer, (1887–1969)
Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, (1829–1903)Template:Listref

G

Mahatma Gandhi, (1869–1948)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, (1887–1964)Template:Listref
Nārāyana Guru, (1856–1928)
Giovanni Gentile, (1875–1944)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Otto von Gierke, (1841–1921)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, (1860–1935)
Étienne Gilson, (1884–1978)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am), (1856–1927)Template:Listref
Vincenzo Gioberti, (1801–1852)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Arthur de Gobineau, (1816–1882)
Henry George, (1839–1897)
Antonio Gramsci, (1891–1937)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Thomas Hill Green, (1836–1882)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Kurt Grelling, (1886–1942)
John Grote, (1813–1866)Template:Listref
D. V. Gundappa, (1889–1975)
G. I. Gurdjieff, (1872–1949)
Edmund Gurney, (1847–1888)Template:Listref

H

Paul Häberlin, (1878–1960)
Ernst Haeckel, (1834–1919)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Axel Hägerström, (1868–1939)Template:Listref
Béla Hamvas, (1897–1968)
Eduard Hanslick, (1825–1904)Template:Listref
Friedrich Harms, (1819–1880)
William Torrey Harris, (1835–1909)
Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842–1906)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Nicolai Hartmann, (1882–1950)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Charles Hartshorne, (1897–2000)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Friedrich Hayek, (1899–1992)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Rudolf Haym, (1821–1901)
Martin Heidegger, (1889–1976)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821–1894)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (1857–1894)Template:Listref
Alexander Herzen, (1812–1870)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Moses Hess, (1812–1875)Template:Listref
Sergei Hessen, (1887–1950)Template:Listref
David Hilbert, (1862–1943)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Dietrich von Hildebrand, (1889–1977)
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, (1864–1929)Template:Listref Template:Listref
William Ernest Hocking, (1873–1966)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Shadworth Hodgson, (1832–1912)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Eric Hoffer, (1898–1983)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Harald Høffding, (1843–1931)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, (1879–1918)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., (1841–1935)Template:Listref
Max Horkheimer, (1895–1973)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hsiung Shih-li, (1885–1968)Template:Listref
Hu Shih, (1891–1962)Template:Listref
Elbert Hubbard, (1856–1915)
Edmund Husserl, (1859–1938)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Thomas Henry Huxley, (1825–1895)Template:Listref

I

Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883–1954)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Roman Ingarden, (1893–1970)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
William Ralph Inge, (1860–1954)Template:Listref
Muhammad Iqbal, (1877–1938)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref

J

Henry James Sr., (1811–1882)
William James, (1842–1910)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Alfred Jarry, (1873–1907)
Karl Jaspers, (1883–1969)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
William Stanley Jevons, (1835–1882)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Rudolf von Jhering, (1818–1892)Template:Listref
Krishnamurti Jiddu, (1895–1986)
C.E.M. Joad, (1891–1953)
William Ernest Johnson, (1858–1931)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894–1969)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Carl Jung, (1875–1961)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ernst Jünger, (1895–1998)

K

Kang Youwei, (1858–1927)Template:Listref
Mordecai Kaplan, (1881–1983)Template:Listref
Michael Ivanovich Karinski (1840–1917)
Karl Kautsky, (1854–1938)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)
Hans Kelsen, (1881–1973)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Norman Kemp Smith, (1872–1958)Template:Listref
John Maynard Keynes, (1883–1946)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hermann von Keyserling, (1880–1946)
Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)
Søren Kierkegaard, (1813–1855)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)
Wolfgang Köhler, (1887–1967)Template:Listref
Feliks Koneczny (1862–1949)
Alejandro Korn, (1860–1936)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Tadeusz Kotarbiński, (1886–1981)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Alexandre Koyre, (1892–1964)Template:Listref
Karl Kraus, (1874–1936)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jiddu Krishnamurti, (1895–1986)
Leopold Kronecker, (1823–1891)Template:Listref
Richard Kroner, (1884–1974)
Peter Kropotkin, (1842–1921)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Kuki Shūzō, (1888–1941)Template:Listref

L

Antonio Labriola, (1843–1904)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jules Lachelier, (1832–1918)Template:Listref
Pierre Laffitte, (1823–1903)Template:Listref
Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828–1875)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Susanne Langer, (1895–1985)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825–1864)Template:Listref
Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823–1900)Template:Listref
Moritz Lazarus, (1824–1903)
Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870–1954)Template:Listref
Adrian LeMors, (1893–1956)
Vladimir Lenin, (1870–1924)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831–1891)Template:Listref
Jules Lequier, (1814–1862)Template:Listref
Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886–1939)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857–1939)Template:Listref Template:Listref
George Henry Lewes, (1817–1878)
Kurt Lewin, (1890–1947)Template:Listref
Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883–1964)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
C. S. Lewis, (1898–1963)Template:Listref Template:Listref
John Lewis, (1889–1976)
Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873–1929)Template:Listref
Liang Sou-ming, (1893–1988)Template:Listref
Karol Libelt, (1807–1875)
Israel Lipkin, (1810–1883)Template:Listref*
Émile Littré, (1801–1881)
Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898–1969)Template:Listref
Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893–1962)Template:Listref
Alain LeRoy Locke, (1886–1954)
Alfred Loisy, (1857–1940)Template:Listref
Jakob Lorber, (1800–1864)
Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893–1988)Template:Listref
Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870–1965)Template:Listref
Hermann Lotze, (1817–1881)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Georg Lukács, (1885–1971)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878–1956)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Rosa Luxemburg, (1871–1919)Template:Listref

M

Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895–1975)
Ernst Mach, (1838–1916)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
John Macmurray, (1891–1976)Template:Listref
Philipp Mainländer, (1841–1876)
Ernst Mally, (1879–1944)Template:Listref
Karl Mannheim, (1893–1947)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820–1871)Template:Listref
Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893–1976)Template:Listref
Gabriel Marcel, (1887–1973)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Herbert Marcuse, (1898–1979)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Jacques Maritain, (1882–1973)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Harriet Martineau, (1802–1876)Template:Listref
James Martineau, (1805–1900)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Karl Marx, (1818–1883)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (1850–1937)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Fritz Mauthner, (1849–1923)Template:Listref
James Clerk Maxwell, (1831–1879)Template:Listref12Template:Listref
James McCosh, (1811–1894)Template:Listref
William McDougall, (1871–1938)Template:Listref
John Ellis McTaggart, (1866–1925)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
George Herbert Mead, (1863–1931)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Georg Mehlis, (born 19th century)
Friedrich Meinecke, (1862–1954)Template:Listref
Alexius Meinong, (1853–1920)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Gregor Mendel, (1822–1884)Template:Listref
Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, (1856–1912)
Désiré-Joseph Mercier, (1851–1926)Template:Listref
Franklin Merrell-Wolff, (1887–1985)
Emile Meyerson, (1859–1933)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Carlo Michelstaedter, (1887–1910)
Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842–1904)Template:Listref
Miki Kiyoshi, (1897–1945)Template:Listref
John Stuart Mill, (1806–1873)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ludwig von Mises, (1881–1973)
William Mitchell, (1861–1962)
Dimitrije Mitrinovic, (1887–1953)
W. H. S. Monck (1839–1915)
Maria Montessori (1870–1952)
Addison Webster Moore, (1866–1930)
G. E. Moore, (1873–1958)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Gaetano Mosca, (1858–1941)Template:Listref
John Henry Muirhead, (1855–1940)
Max Müller, (1823–1900)

N

Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854–1924)Template:Listref
John Neihardt, (1881–1973)
Leonard Nelson, (1882–1927)
Otto Neurath, (1882–1945)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
John Henry Newman, (1801–1890)Template:Listref Template:Listref
H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894–1962)Template:Listref
Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892–1971)Template:Listref
Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844–1900)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Nishi Amane, (1829–1897)Template:Listref
Nishida Kitaro, (1870–1945)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Shalva Nutsubidze, (1888–1969)
Anders Nygren, (1890–1978)Template:Listref

O

Georges Ohsawa, (1893–1966)
Karl Olivecrona, (1897–1980)Template:Listref
John Wood Oman, (1860–1939)Template:Listref
José Ortega y Gasset, (1883–1955)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Rudolf Otto, (1869–1937)Template:Listref
P. D. Ouspensky, (1878–1947)

P

Vilfredo Pareto, (1848–1923)
Giuseppe Peano, (1858–1932)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Benjamin Peirce, (1809–1880)Template:Listref
Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839–1914)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ralph Barton Perry, (1876–1957)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Leon Petrazycki, (1867–1931)Template:Listref
Branislav Petronijević, (1875–1954)
Jean Piaget, (1896–1980)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Max Planck, (1858–1947)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Georgi Plekhanov, (1856–1918)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Konstantin Pobedonostsev, (1827–1907)
Henri Poincaré, (1854–1912)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Michael Polanyi, (1891–1976)Template:Listref
Emil Leon Post, (1897–1954)Template:Listref
Roscoe Pound, (1870–1964)Template:Listref
Karl von Prantl, (1820–1888)
Henry Habberley Price, (1899–1984)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871–1947)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809–1865)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref

Q

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R

Gustav Radbruch, (1878–1949)Template:Listref
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, (1888–1975)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hastings Rashdall, (1858–1924)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, (1813–1900)Template:Listref
Paul Rée, (1849–1901)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Wilhelm Reich, (1897–1957)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hans Reichenbach, (1891–1953)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Adolf Reinach, (1883–1917)Template:Listref
Karl Renner, (1870–1950)Template:Listref
Charles Bernard Renouvier, (1815–1903)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
I. A. Richards, (1893–1979)
Heinrich Rickert, (1863–1936)Template:Listref*
Bernhard Riemann, (1826–1866)
George Croom Robertson, (1842–1892)
Erwin Rohde, (1845–1898)
Francisco Romero (1891–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, (1805–1879)
Franz Rosenzweig, (1886–1929)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Alf Niels Christian Ross, (1899–1979)Template:Listref
William David Ross, (1877–1971)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Josiah Royce, (1855–1916)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Vasily Rozanov, (1856–1919)Template:Listref
Arnold Ruge, (1802–1880)Template:Listref
Bertrand Russell, (1872–1970)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref

S

Émile Saisset, (1814–1863)
George Santayana, (1863–1952)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857–1913)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Max Scheler, (1874–1928)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
F. C. S. Schiller, (1864–1937)Template:Listref
Moritz Schlick, (1882–1936)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Carl Schmitt, (1888–1985)Template:Listref
Erwin Schrödinger, (1887–1961)Template:Listref
Joseph Schumpeter, (1883–1950)Template:Listref
Alfred Schütz, (1899–1959)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Albert Schweizer, (1875–1965)
Charles Secrétan, (1815–1895)
Roy Wood Sellars, (1880–1973)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Lev Shestov, (1866–1938)Template:Listref
Gustav Gustavovich Shpet, (1879–1937)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Henry Sidgwick, (1838–1900)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Georg Simmel, (1858–1918)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Thoralf Skolem, (1887–1963)Template:Listref
Vladimir Solovyov, (1853–1900)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Georges Sorel, (1847–1922)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
William Ritchie Sorley, (1855–1935)
Othmar Spann, (1878–1950)
Herbert Spencer, (1820–1903)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Thomas Spencer Baynes, (1823–1887)
Oswald Spengler, (1880–1936)
Afrikan Spir, (1837–1890)Template:Listref
Lysander Spooner, (1808–1887)
Walter Terence Stace, (1886–1967)
Henry Stanton, (1805–1887)
Olaf Stapledon, (1886–1950)
L. Susan Stebbing, (1885–1943)
Edith Stein, (1891–1942)
Rudolf Steiner, (1861–1925)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Leslie Stephen, (1832–1904)Template:Listref
James Hutchison Stirling, (1820–1909)
Max Stirner, (1806–1856)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
George Frederick Stout, (1860–1944)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
David Friedrich Strauss, (1808–1874)Template:Listref
Leo Strauss, (1899–1973)Template:Listref
Carl Stumpf, (1848–1936)
James Sully, (1842–1923)
Sun Yat-sen, (1866–1925)Template:Listref

T

Debendranath Tagore, (1817–1905)
Rabindranath Tagore, (1861–1941)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Hippolyte Taine, (1828–1893)Template:Listref
T'an Ssu-t'ung, (1864–1898)Template:Listref
Tanabe Hajime, (1885–1962)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Władysław Tatarkiewicz, (1886–1980)
Harriet Taylor Mill, (1807–1858)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Gustav Teichmuller (1837–1888)Template:Listref
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, (1881–1955)Template:Listref Template:Listref
William Temple, (1881–1944)Template:Listref
Frederick Robert Tennant, (1866–1957)Template:Listref
Henry David Thoreau, (1817–1862)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Paul Tillich, (1886–1965)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Alexis de Tocqueville, (1805–1859)Template:Listref
Leo Tolstoy, (1828–1910)Template:Listref
Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, (1802–1872)
Ernst Troeltsch, (1865–1923)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Leon Trotsky, (1879–1940)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Benjamin Tucker, (1854–1939)
Kazimierz Twardowski, (1866–1938)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref

U

Pietro Ubaldi, (1886–1972)
Hermann Ulrici, (1806–1884)
Miguel de Unamuno, (1864–1936)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Dimitri Uznadze, (1886–1950)

V

Hans Vaihinger, (1852–1933)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
John Veitch, (1829–1894)
John Venn, (1834–1923)Template:Listref
Milan Vidmar, (1885–1962)
Lev Vygotsky, (1896–1934)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev, (1877–1954)Template:Listref

W

Jean Wahl, (1888–1974)
Friedrich Waismann, (1896–1959)
Alfred Russel Wallace, (1823–1913)Template:Listref
James Ward, (1843–1925)Template:Listref
John B. Watson, (1878–1958)Template:Listref Template:Listref
Watsuji Tetsuro, (1889–1960)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Max Weber, (1864–1920)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Otto Weininger, (1880–1903)
Christian Hermann Weisse, (1801–1866)
Victoria, Lady Welby, (1837–1912)
Felix Weltsch, (1884–1964)
Edvard Westermarck, (1862–1939)Template:Listref
Hermann Weyl, (1885–1955)Template:Listref
Frantisek Weyr (or Franz Weyr), (1879–1951)Template:Listref
Alfred North Whitehead, (1861–1947)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Wilhelm Windelband, (1848–1915)Template:Listref Template:Listref*
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, (1885–1939)
Ludwig Wittgenstein, (1889–1951)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Woo Tsin-hang (or Chih-hui), (1865–1953)
Chauncey Wright, (1830–1875)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref
Dorothy Maud Wrinch, (1894–1976)
Wilhelm Wundt, (1832–1920)Template:Listref Template:Listref Template:Listref*

X

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Y

Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Z

Peter Wessel Zapffe, (1899–1990)
Eduard Zeller, (1814–1908)
Ernst Zermelo, (1871–1953)Template:Listref
Zhang Dongsun, (1886–1973)
Florian Znaniecki, (1882–1958)
Xavier Zubiri, (1889–1983)

See also

Notes

Template:Listref/reflist

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