List of parties to the Environmental Modification Convention

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Template:Short description

File:ENMOD Convention parties.svg
Participation in the Environmental Modification Convention <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Parties
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  Only signed
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  Non-signatory

The list of parties to the Environmental Modification Convention encompasses the states who have signed and ratified or acceded to the international agreement prohibiting military use of environmental modification techniques.

On May 18, 1977, the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) was opened for signature. North Yemen became the first state to deposit the treaty on 20 July 1977. The treaty came into force and closed for signature on October 5, 1978. Since then, states that did not sign the treaty can now only accede to it. The instrument of ratification, accession, or succession is deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations

As of 2022, 78 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty, most recently the State of Palestine on 29 December 2017. A further 16 states have signed but not ratified the treaty.

As of March 2013 the third review conference had not been scheduled as there were under 10 respondents showing interest in reconvening.[1][2]

List of parties

State[1][2][3] Signed Ratified or Acceded Method
File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Template:Dts Succession from File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification as Template:Country data Byelorussian SSR
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Template:Dts Succession from File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia
Signed 18 May 1977
Ratified 12 May 1978
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Template:Dts[4] Succession from File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification as File:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany
Also File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany
Signed 18 May 1977
Ratified 25 May 1978
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of India.svg India Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Template:Dts Accession,
includes File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands
and File:Flag of Niue.svg Niue
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Template:Dts Accession
Template:Country data Palestine Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification as File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Template:Dts[5] Succession from File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Template:Dts[6] Succession from File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg Sao Tome and Principe Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Template:Dts Succession from File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia
Signed 18 May 1977
Ratified 12 May 1978
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Template:Dts Succession from File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification as Template:Country data Ukrainian SSR
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Template:Dts Accession
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Template:Dts Template:Dts Ratification as File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg North Yemen
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen also acceded 12 June 1979 prior to Yemeni unification.

States that have signed but not ratified

State[1][2][3] Signed
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Template:Dts
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo
Signed as File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Zaire 		Template:Dts
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Template:Dts
File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Holy See Template:Dts
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Template:Dts
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Template:Dts
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Template:Dts
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Template:Dts
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Template:Dts
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Template:Dts
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Template:Dts
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Template:Dts
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Template:Dts
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Template:Dts
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Template:Dts
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Template:Dts

States that have not signed

101 UN member states have never signed the treaty.

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The Cook Islands and Niue, two associated states of New Zealand which have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognised by United Nations Secretariat,[7] are not parties to the treaty but are bound by its provisions by virtue of their administration by New Zealand when the latter ratified the ENMOD convention.

References

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  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ The U.S. Department of State lists Dominica as giving notice that it would continue to be bound by the treaty on 8 November 1978.
  5. ↑ The U.S. Department of State lists Saint Lucia as giving notice that it would continue to be bound by the treaty on 22 February 1979.
  6. ↑ The U.S. Department of State lists Saint Vincent and The Grenadines as giving notice that it would continue to be bound by the treaty on 27 October 1979.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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