List of operettas by Jacques Offenbach

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates This is a complete list of the 98 operettas of Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880).

Subgenres

The stage works of Offenbach (with the two exceptions of the opéras Die Rheinnixen and The Tales of Hoffmann) are broadly referred to as 'operettas' in English references, even though only 16 of them were designated as opérettes by the composer. Offenbach called a further 8 opérette bouffe, and there is a single 'opérette fantastique'. There are 24 opéras comiques, and 24 opéras bouffes, together with 2 'opéras bouffes féeries'.

Other minor subgenres include opéra bouffon (5), bouffonnerie musicale (3), saynète (2) pièce d'occasion (2) and revue (2). Offenbach invented names for some individual works: 'anthropophagie musicale', 'chinoiserie musicale', 'comédie à ariettes', 'conversation alsacienne', 'légende bretonne', and 'légende napolitaine'. There are also one each of the following; 'fantasie musicale', 'opéra féerie', 'tableau villageois', and 'valse'.

List of operettas

Operettas by Jacques Offenbach
Title[1] Genre Acts Libretto Premiere
Date Venue
Template:HsL'alcôve opéra comique 1 act Template:HsPhilippe Auguste Pittaud de Forges, Adolphe de Leuven and Eugène Roche Template:Hs24 April 1847 Paris, Salle Moreau-Sainti
Blanche opéra comique 1 act Template:HsJules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges Template:Hscomposed ca. 1847, but unperformed
Template:HsLa Duchesse d'Albe opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsJules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges Template:Hscomposed 1847–48, but unperformed
Template:HsLe trésor à Mathurin tableau villageois 1 act Template:HsLéon Battu Template:Hs7 May 1853 (concert performance) Paris, Salle des Concerts Herz
Pépito opéra comique 1 act Template:HsLéon Battu and Jules Moinaux Template:Hs28 October 1853 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Luc et Lucette opéra comique 1 act Template:HsPhilippe Auguste Pittaud de Forges and Eugène Roche Template:Hs2 May 1854 Paris, Salle des Concerts Herz
Template:HsLe décaméron, ou La grotte d'azur légende napolitaine 1 act Template:HsJoseph Méry Template:HsMay 1855 Paris, Salle des Concerts Herz
Entrez, messieurs, mesdames pièce d'occasion 1 act Template:HsJoseph Méry and Jules Servières (Ludovic Halévy) Template:Hs5 July 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Template:HsUne nuit blanche opéra comique 1 act Template:HsÉdouard Plouvier Template:Hs5 July 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Template:HsLes deux aveugles bouffonnerie musicale 1 act Template:HsJules Moinaux Template:Hs5 July 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Template:HsLe rêve d'une nuit d'été saynète 1 act Template:HsÉtienne Tréfeu Template:Hs30 July 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Oyayaye, ou La reine des îles anthropophagie musicale 1 act Template:HsJules Moineaux Template:Hs26 June 1855 Paris, Folies-Nouvelles
Template:HsLe violoneux légende bretonne 1 act Template:HsEugène Mestépès and Émile Chevalet Template:Hs31 August 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Madame Papillon opérette 1 act Template:HsJules Servières (Ludovic Halévy) Template:Hs3 October 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Paimpol et Périnette saynète 1 act Template:Hsde Lussan Philippe Auguste Pittaud de Forges Template:Hs29 October 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Ba-ta-clan chinoiserie musicale 1 act Template:HsLudovic Halévy Template:Hs29 December 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Trafalgar – Sur un volcan comédie à ariettes 1 act Template:HsErnest L'Épine and Joseph Méry Template:Hs29 December 1855 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul.[2][3]
Template:HsUn postillon en gage opérette 1 act Template:HsÉdouard Plouvier and Jules Adenis Template:Hs9 February 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Tromb-al-ca-zar, ou Les criminels dramatiques bouffonnerie musicale 1 act Template:HsCharles-Désiré Dupeuty and Ernest Bourget Template:Hs3 April 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa rose de Saint-Flour opérette 1 act Template:HsMichel Carré Template:Hs12 June 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Template:HsLes dragées du baptême pièce d'occasion 1 act Template:HsCharles-Désiré Dupeuty and Ernest Bourget Template:Hs14 June 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze[4]
Template:HsLe 66 opérette 1 act Template:HsPhilippe Auguste Pittaud de Forges and Laurencin (Paul-Aimé Chapelle) Template:Hs31 July 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze
Template:HsLe financier et le savetier opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Edmond About Template:Hs23 September 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa bonne d'enfant opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsEugène Bercioux Template:Hs14 October 1856 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLes trois baisers du diable opérette fantastique 1 act Template:HsEugène Mestépès Template:Hs15 January 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Croquefer, ou Le dernier des paladins opéra bouffe 1 act Template:HsLouis-Adolphe Jaime and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs12 February 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Dragonette opéra bouffe 1 act Template:HsEugène Mestépès and Louis-Adolphe Jaime Template:Hs30 April 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Vent du soir, ou L'horrible festin opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsPhilippe Gille Template:Hs16 May 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsUne demoiselle en loterie opérette 1 act Template:HsLouis-Adolphe Jaime and Hector-Jonathan Crémieux Template:Hs27 July 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze[4]
Template:Hs Le mariage aux lanternes (revised version of Le trésor à Mathurin) opérette 1 act Michel Carré and Léon Battu Template:Hs10 October 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLes deux pêcheurs, ou Le lever du soleil opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsCharles-Désiré Dupeuty and Ernest Bourget Template:Hs13 November 1857 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Mesdames de la Halle opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsArmand Lapointe Template:Hs3 March 1858 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa chatte métamorphosée en femme opérette 1 act Template:HsEugène Scribe and Mélesville Template:Hs19 April 1858 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Orphée aux enfers opéra bouffon 2 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs21 October 1858 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsUn mari à la porte opérette 1 act Template:HsAlfred Charles Delacour (Alfred Charlemagne Lartigue) and Léon Morand Template:Hs22 June 1859 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze[4]
Template:HsLes vivandières de la grande-armée opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsLouis-Adolphe Jaime and Philippe Auguste Pittaud de Forges Template:Hs6 July 1859 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Lacaze[4]
Geneviève de Brabant opéra bouffon 2 acts Template:HsLouis-Adolphe Jaime and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs19 November 1859 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLe carnaval des revues revue 1 act Template:HsEugène Grangé, Philippe Gille and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs10 February 1860 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Daphnis et Chloé opérette 1 act Template:HsClairville and Jules Cordier (Élénore Tenaille de Vaulabelle) Template:Hs27 March 1860 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Barkouf opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsEugène Scribe and Henri Boisseaux, after Abbé Blanchet Template:Hs24 December 1860 Paris, Opéra-Comique, Salle Favart
Template:HsLa chanson de Fortunio opéra comique 1 act Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs5 January 1861 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLe pont des soupirs opéra bouffon 2 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs23 March 1861 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le … opéra bouffe 1 act Template:HsMonsieur de Saint Rémy (Charles de Morny, Duke of Morny), Ernest L'Épine, Hector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs31 May 1861 Paris, Présidence du Corps Législatif
Apothicaire et perruquier opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsÉlie Frébault Template:Hs17 October 1861 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLe roman comique opéra bouffon 3 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs10 December 1861 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Monsieur et Madame Denis opéra comique 1 act Laurencin (Chapelle) and Michel Delaporte Template:Hs11 January 1862 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:Hs Bavard et bavarde (Les bavards) opéra bouffe 1 act/2 acts Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter after Cervantes Template:Hs11 June 1862 (1-act version), 20 February 1863 (2-act version) Bad Ems, Kursaal (1-act version), Bouffes-Parisiens, Paris (2-act version)
Template:HsLe voyage de MM. Dunanan père et fils opéra bouffon 3 acts Template:HsPaul Siraudin and Jules Moinaux Template:Hs23 March 1862 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Jacqueline opérette 1 act Template:HsP d'Arcy (Hector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy) Template:Hs14 October 1862 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa baguette (Fédia) opéra comique 2 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hscomposed 1862, but unperformed
Template:HsIl signor Fagotto opérette 1 act Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs11 July 1863 Bad Ems, Kursaal
Lischen et Fritzchen conversation alsacienne 1 act Template:HsPaul Dubois (Paul Boisselot) Template:Hs21 July 1863 Bad Ems, Kursaal
Template:HsL'amour chanteur opérette 1 act Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Ernest L'Épine Template:Hs5 January 1864 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLes géorgiennes opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsJules Moinaux Template:Hs16 March 1864 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLe fifre enchanté, ou Le soldat magicien opéra comique 1 act Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs12 July 1864 Bad Ems, Kursaal
Jeanne qui pleure et Jean qui rit opérette 1 act Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs19 July 1864 Bad Ems
Template:HsLa belle Hélène opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs17 December 1864 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Coscoletto, ou Le lazzarone opéra comique 2 acts Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs11 July 1865 Bad Ems, Kursaal
Template:HsLes refrains des bouffes fantaisie musicale 1 act Template:Hslibretto lost Template:Hs21 September 1865 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLes bergers opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Philippe Gille Template:Hs11 December 1865 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Barbe-bleue opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, after Charles Perrault Template:Hs5 February 1866 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsLa vie parisienne opéra bouffe 5 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs31 October 1866 Paris, Théâtre du Palais Royal
Template:HsLa Grande-duchesse de Gérolstein opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs12 April 1867 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsLa permission de dix heures opéra comique 1 act Mélésville and Pierre Carmouche Template:Hs9 July 1867 Bad Ems, Kursaal
Template:HsLa leçon de chant électromagnétique bouffonnerie musicale 1 act Template:HsErnest Bourget Template:Hs20 July 1867 Bad Ems, Kursaal
Robinson Crusoé opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsEugène Cormon and Hector-Jonathan Crémieux Template:Hs23 November 1867 Paris, Opéra-Comique, Salle Favart
Geneviève de Brabant (revised version) opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsÉtienne Tréfeu and Hector Crémieux Template:Hs26 December 1867 Paris, Théâtre des Menus-Plaisirs
Template:HsLe château à Toto opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs6 May 1868 Paris, Théâtre du Palais Royal
Template:HsLe pont des soupirs (revised version) opéra bouffe 4 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs8 May 1868 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsL'île de Tulipatan opéra bouffe 1 act Template:HsHenri Chivot and Alfred Duru Template:Hs30 September 1868 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa Périchole opéra bouffe 2 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs6 October 1868 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Vert-Vert opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter Template:Hs10 March 1869 Paris, Opéra-Comique, Salle Favart
Template:HsLa diva opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs22 March 1869 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa princesse de Trébizonde opéra bouffe 2 acts Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs31 July 1869 Baden-Baden, Kurtheater
Template:HsLa princesse de Trébizonde (revised version) opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:Hs7 December 1869 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLes brigands opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs10 December 1869 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsLa romance de la rose opérette 1 act Template:HsÉtienne Tréfeu, Jules Prével and Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter Template:Hs11 December 1869 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Boule de neige (revised version of Barkouf) opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:Hs Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu Template:Hs14 December 1871 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLe roi Carotte opéra bouffe féerie 4 acts Template:HsVictorien Sardou after E. T. A. Hoffmann Template:Hs15 January 1872 Paris, Théâtre de la Gaîté
Fantasio opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsPaul de Musset after Alfred de Musset Template:Hs18 January 1872 Paris, Opéra-Comique, Salle Favart
Fleurette, oder Trompeter und Näherin (composed as Fleurette c. 1863) opéra comique 1 act Template:HsPhilippe Auguste Pittaud de Forges and Laurencin Template:Hs12 March 1872 Vienna, Carltheater
Template:HsLe corsaire noir (performed as Der schwarze Corsar in 1872) opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter, Étienne Tréfeu, and Offenbach Template:Hs21 September 1872 Vienna, Theater an der Wien
Template:HsLes braconniers opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Charles Chivot and Alfred Duru Template:Hs29 January 1873 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Pomme d'api opérette 1 act Template:HsLudovic Halévy and William Busnach Template:Hs4 September 1873 Paris, Théâtre de la Renaissance
Template:HsLa permission de dix heures (revised version) Mélésville and Pierre Carmouche Template:Hs4 September 1873 Paris, Théâtre de la Renaissance
Template:HsLa Vie parisienne (revised version) 4 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs25 September 1873 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsLa jolie parfumeuse opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ernest Blum Template:Hs29 November 1873 Paris, Théâtre de la Renaissance
Template:HsLa Périchole (revised version) opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs25 April 1874 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Bagatelle opéra comique 1 act Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux and Ernest Blum Template:Hs21 May 1874 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Madame l'archiduc opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsAlbert Millaud Template:Hs31 October 1874 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Whittington (also performed as Le chat du diable, Paris, Théâtre du Châtelet, 19 October 1893) opéra bouffe féerie 3 acts Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter and Étienne Tréfeu (English text by Henry Brougham Farnie)[5] Template:Hs26 December 1874 London, Alhambra
Geneviève de Brabant (second revised version) opéra féerie 5 acts Template:HsÉtienne Tréfeu and Hector Crémieux Template:Hs25 February 1875 Paris, Théâtre de la Gaîté
Template:HsLes hannetons revue 3 acts Template:HsEugène Grangé and Albert Millaud Template:Hs22 April 1875 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa boulangère a des écus opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHenri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs19 October 1875 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsLe voyage dans la lune opéra féerie 4 acts Template:HsEugène Leterrier, Albert Vanloo and Arnold Mortier Template:Hs26 October 1875 Paris, Théâtre de la Gaîté
Template:HsLa créole opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsAlbert Millaud and Henri Meilhac Template:Hs3 November 1875 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Tarte à la crême valse 1 act Template:HsAlbert Millaud Template:Hs14 December 1875 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Pierrette et Jacquot opérette 1 act Template:HsJules Noriac and Philippe Gille Template:Hs13 October 1876 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa boîte au lait opéra bouffe 4 acts Template:HsEugène Grangé and Jules Noriac Template:Hs3 November 1876 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLe docteur Ox opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsArnold Mortier and Philippe Gille, after Jules Verne Template:Hs26 January 1877 Paris, Théâtre des Variétés
Template:HsLa foire Saint-Laurent opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsHector-Jonathan Crémieux, and Albert de Saint-Albin Template:Hs10 February 1877 Paris, Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques
Maître Péronilla opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsCharles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter, Paul Ferrier and Offenbach Template:Hs13 March 1878 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Madame Favart opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsAlfred Duru and Henri Chivot Template:Hs28 December 1878 Paris, Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques
Template:HsLa marocaine opéra bouffe 3 acts Template:HsPaul Ferrier and Ludovic Halévy Template:Hs13 January 1879 Paris, Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul
Template:HsLa fille du tambour-major opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsAlfred Duru and Henri Chivot Template:Hs13 December 1879 Paris, Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques
Belle Lurette opéra comique 3 acts Template:HsErnest Blum, Edouard Blau and Raoul Toché Template:Hs30 October 1880 Paris, Théâtre de la Renaissance
Mam'zelle Moucheron opérette bouffe 1 act Template:HsEugène Leterrier and Albert Vanloo Template:Hs10 May 1881 Paris, Théâtre de la Renaissance

Pastiche

Theatres in the English-speaking centres used music by Offenbach to create pasticcio during the 1860s and 70s. Many of these pieces were made to libretti completely unknown to Offenbach. Vienna also saw examples of re-use of his music, and the practice continued into the 20th century.[6] Examples include:

  • Cigarette, words by G. D'Arcy, 9 September 1876, Globe Theatre, London[7]
  • Forty Winks, an English version of Une nuit blanche
  • Blush Rose, words by D'Arcy
  • The Barber of Bath, words by Farnie
  • Der Goldschmied von Toledo, words by Karl Georg Zwerenz mainly using music from Der Schwarze Corsar[8]
  • The Happiest Girl in the World, words by E. Y. Harburg, a 1961 Broadway musical
  • Christopher Columbus, words by Don White, first performed in London in 1976 by Opera Rara[9]

Le carnaval des revues and Les hannetons include pre-existing scores but were created under Offenbach and include some new music by him.[10]

See also

References

Notes

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  1. ↑ The information in the table is taken from Lamb 1992, pp. 655–658, unless otherwise noted.
  2. ↑ Boosey and Hawkes page, retrieved 22 January 2009 According to the B&H page and Jean-Christophe Keck's website Template:Webarchive, the libretto is Méry's, the music by L'Épine and Offenbach. Keck's notes for his recording of the overture that the overture and most of the orchestration is in Offenbach's hand in the manuscript.
  3. ↑ Keck, Jean-Christophe (translated by John Taylor Tuttle). Offenbach, an oeuvre boasting more than 600 works. Booklet essay for 'Ballade Symphonique', CD 476 8999, Universal Classics France, 2006.
  4. ↑ a b c d Yon 2000, pp. 760–762
  5. ↑ Elsom, H.E. "At his exercise", Le Concertographe, 28 June 2000 Template:Webarchive
  6. ↑ Gänzl K. Jacques Offenbach. In: The Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre. Blackwell, Oxford, 1994.
  7. ↑ Gammond 1980, p. 147.
  8. ↑ Premiered in Mannheim on 7 February 1919, and then in Vienna (1920), Edinburgh and Lemberg (1922). Listed in : Loewenberg A. Annals of Opera. London, John Calder, 1978.
  9. ↑ Rosenthal, Harold. In Concert: Christopher Columbus (Offenbach). Opera Rara at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, July 6. Opera, October 1976, Vol.27, No.10, p.968.
  10. ↑ Yon, Jean-Claude. Jacques Offenbach. Éditions Gallimard, Paris, 2000.

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Sources

External links

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