List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees

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Template:Short description These are lists of the world's most expensive cities for expatriate employees (not residents), according to the Mercer,[1] ECA International[2] and Xpatulator.com[3] cost-of-living surveys. Other surveys from online collaborative indices, such as Numbeo,[4] Expatistan,[5] or Eardex[6] are not covered by this article.

Various factors enter into a city's cost-of-living for expatriate employees, such as monetary value, consumer confidence, investment, interest rates, exchange rates of the country's currency, and housing costs. This list does not account for cost-of-living savings accrued to local citizens through government-subsidized housing, health care, education, differences in taxation, and many other factors irrelevant to expatriates. Cost of living may be much higher for expatriates than for local residents in a developing country, especially if expatriates expect a standard of living similar to a developed country.

Mercer

File:Hong Kong Island Skyline 2009.jpg
Hong Kong SAR
File:Panorama of Ashgabat.jpg
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
File:Skyscrapers of Shinjuku 2009 January.jpg
Tokyo, Japan
File:Singapore Merlion-at-Marina-Bay-01.jpg
Singapore

Mercer's Cost of Living surveys are taken in March of each year. The survey covers 207 cities around the world and measures the comparative cost of over 200 items in each location, including housing, transport, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment. It is designed to help multinational companies and governments determine compensation allowances for their expatriate employees. New York is used as the base city and all other cities are compared against it. The cost of housing plays an important part in determining where cities are ranked.

Two main factors determine a city’s ranking in Mercer’s survey – the relative strength of the relevant currency against the US dollar over the prior 12 months and price movements over the prior 12 months compared to those in New York City as the base.

Top ten locations surveyed (2023)[7]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Geneva
5 Basel
6 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Bern Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Copenhagen Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Nassau Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2022)[8]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva
4 Basel
5 Bern
6 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
7 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Beijing Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2021)[9][10]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Ashgabat Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Beirut Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Beijing Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Bern Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2020)[11]
Rank City Country of Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Ashgabat Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
6 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Bern Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Geneva
10 Beijing Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2019)[12]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Ashgabat Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Beijing Script error: No such module "flag".
9 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Shenzhen Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2018)[13]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
8 N’Djamena Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Beijing Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Bern Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2017)[14]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
9 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Bern Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2016)[15][16]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Kinshasa Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
9 N’Djamena Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Beijing Script error: No such module "flag".
Top ten locations surveyed (2015)[17][16]
Rank City Country or Region
1 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Beijing
8 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Bern Script error: No such module "flag".
10 N’Djamena Script error: No such module "flag".

ECA International

File:Zürich.jpg
Zürich, Switzerland
File:Geneve 2005 001 Ork.ch.jpg
Geneva, Switzerland
File:Basel - Münsterpfalz1.jpg
Basel, Switzerland
File:The Zytglogge clock tower.jpg
Bern, Switzerland

Every March and September, ECA International calculates the cost of living for expatriates in almost 400 cities around the world. The survey does not include certain living costs such as accommodation, utilities (electricity, gas, water costs), car purchase and school fees. These are usually compensated for separately in expatriate packages from cost of living allowances.

Top 20 cities surveyed (2023)[18]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
4 London Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Singapore Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
7 San Francisco Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
Top 20 cities surveyed (2022)[19]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
4 London Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Guangzhou
10 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
Top 20 cities surveyed (2021)[20]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
4 New York Script error: No such module "flag".
5 London Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Guangzhou
Top 20 cities surveyed (2020)[21]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Ashgabat Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva
4 Basel
5 Bern
6 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Jerusalem
10 Yokohama Script error: No such module "flag".
Top 20 cities surveyed (2019)[22]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Ashgabat Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva
4 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
5 Basel Script error: No such module "flag".
6 Bern
7 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Tel Aviv Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
Top 20 cities surveyed (2018)[23]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Ashgabat Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Geneva Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich
4 Basel
5 Bern
6 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Oslo Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Stavanger
Top 20 cities surveyed (2017)[24]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Geneva
5 Basel
6 Bern
7 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Caracas Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Khartoum Script error: No such module "flag".
Top 20 cities surveyed (2016)[25]
Ranking City Country or Region
1 Kinshasa Script error: No such module "flag".
2 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Geneva
4 Basel
5 Bern
6 Freetown Script error: No such module "flag".
7 Tokyo Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Hong Kong Script error: No such module "flag".
10 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
Top 20 cities surveyed (2015)[2]
Ranking City Country
1 Juba Template:SSD
2 Luanda Script error: No such module "flag".
3 Zürich Script error: No such module "flag".
4 Geneva
5 Bern
6 Basel
7 Kinshasa Script error: No such module "flag".
8 Shanghai Script error: No such module "flag".
9 Beijing
10 Seoul Script error: No such module "flag".

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Cities Template:Lists of Real Estate superlatives Template:Most Expensive

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Eardex Template:Webarchive. Retrieved January 25, 2013.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b https://www.mercer.com/content/dam/mercer/attachments/global/Talent/cost-of-living/gl-2016-cost-of-living-mobility-survey-mercer.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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