List of mammals of Canada

Template:Short description Template:WildlifeofCanada This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Canada. There are approximately 200 mammal species in Canada. Its large territorial size consist of fifteen terrestrial and five marine ecozones, ranging from oceanic coasts, to mountains to plains to urban housing, mean that Canada can harbour a great variety of species, including nearly half of the known cetaceans. The largest marine ecozone is the Arctic Archipelago whereas the terrestrial ecozone is the Boreal Shield. The most well represented order is that of the rodents, and the smallest that of the Didelphimorphia (common opossums).

Studies of mammals in Canada hearken back to the 1795 northern explorations of Samuel Hearne, whose account is considered surprisingly accurate. The first seminal work on Canadian mammals, however, was John Richardson's 1829 Fauna Boreali-Americana. Joseph Burr Tyrrell was the first to attempt to produce, in 1888, a comprehensive list of Canadian mammalian species. Ernest Thompson Seton and Charles-Eusèbe Dionne's work were also important. Modern Canadian publications with interest in mammalogy include The Canadian Field-Naturalist, the Canadian Journal of Zoology and the French-language Le Naturaliste Canadien.^[A]

Several species of mammal have particular symbolism. The Canadian horse and North American beaver are official symbols of Canada,^[B] and several provinces have designated native species as symbols.

File:Castor canadensis.jpg

The North American beaver, Castor canadensis, is the national animal of Canada

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

Template:IUCN status	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
Template:IUCN status	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its previous range.
Template:IUCN status	Critically endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
Template:IUCN status	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
Template:IUCN status	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
Template:IUCN status	Near threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
Template:IUCN status	Least concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
Template:IUCN status	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Template:IUCN status	Not evaluated	Not been assessed by the IUCN.

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014)

Native mammals

Bats

Bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Vespertilionidae: vesper bats
Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus (Chauve-souris blonde)	Antrozous pallidus (LeConte, 1856)	Dry plains	British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Townsend's big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii (Oreillard de Townsend)	Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper, 1837)	Open woodlands	Southern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Big brown bat File:Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) - Guelph, Ontario 06.jpg (Grande chauve-souris brune)	Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)	Varied, including cities	British Columbia to southern Quebec and New Brunswick	Template:Smalldiv
Spotted bat File:Side view of spotted bat -Euderma maculatum- by Paul Cryan.jpg (Oreillard maculé)	Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen, 1891)	Near waterways	Inner British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans (Chauve-souris argentée)	Lasionycteris noctivagans (La Conte, 1831)	Deciduous forest lakes	All of southern Canada except Gaspesia and northern Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
Western red bat Lasiurus blossevillii (Chauve-souris rousse de l'Ouest)	Lasiurus blossevillii (Lesson and Garnot, 1826)	Open spaces and cities	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis (Chauve-souris rousse de l'Est)	Lasiurus borealis (Müller, 1776)	Open spaces and cities	Alberta to southern Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (Chauve-souris cendré)	Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)	Forests	British Columbia to northern Hudson Bay and Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
California myotis Myotis californicus (Chauve-souris de Californie)	Myotis californicus (Audubon & Bachman, 1842)	West Coast forest	West Coast and Okanagan Valley	Template:Smalldiv
Western small-footed myotis File:Myotis ciliolabrum - Westliches Kleinfuß-Mausohr 81910125.jpg (Chauve-souris pygmée de l'Ouest)	Myotis ciliolabrum (Merriam, 1886)	Dry areas	Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan	Template:Smalldiv
Long-eared myotis File:Long-eared myotis.jpg (Chauve-souris à longues oreilles)	Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864)	Varied	Southern British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan	Template:Smalldiv
Keen's myotis File:Keen's Myotis.jpg (Chauve-souris de Keen)	Myotis keenii (Merriam, 1895)	Forests	West Coast	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern small-footed myotis File:Eastern small-footed bat (5881246126).jpg (Chauve-souris pygmée de l'Est)	Myotis leibii (Audubon & Bachman, 1842)	Montane forest	Southern and south-central Ontario, southwestern Quebec	Template:Smalldiv
Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus (Petite chauve-souris brune)	Myotis lucifugus (La Conte, 1831)	Varied, including cities	Yukon to Atlantic Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Northern long-eared myotis Myotis septentrionalis (Vespertilion nordique or Chauve-souris nordique)	Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897)	Forests	Central to Eastern Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Fringed myotis File:Fringed Myotis.jpg (Chauve-souris à queue frangée)	Myotis thysanodes (Miller, 1897)	White pine forest	Southcentral British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Long-legged myotis Myotis volans (Chauve-souris à longues pattes)	Myotis volans (H. Allen, 1866)	Varied	British Columbia and Alberta	Template:Smalldiv
Yuma myotis File:Myotis yumanensis (Yuma myotis) (11362476624).jpg (Chauve-souris de Yuma)	Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen, 1864)	Open areas	West Coast and Okanagan Valley	Template:Smalldiv
Tri-colored bat formerly eastern pipistrelle Pipistrellus subflavus (Pipistrelle de l'Est)	Pipistrellus subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)	Forest, fields and waterways	Southern Ontario, Quebec and Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv

Carnivorans

Carnivorans include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Felidae: felines
Canada lynx Lynx canadensis (Lynx du Canada)	Lynx canadensis (Kerr, 1792)	Forests	Most of Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Bobcat Lynx rufus (Lynx roux)	Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777)	Varied	Southern Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Cougar Puma concolor (Puma)	Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)	Mountain, marshes, dense forest	Mountainous regions of Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Family Canidae: canines
Coyote Canis latrans incolatus (Coyote)	Canis latrans (Say, 1823)	Varied	Rocky Mountains, southern Prairies, southern Ontario, Quebec, and Maritime provinces	Template:Smalldiv
Grey wolf Canis lupus lycaon (Loup)	Canis lupus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Varied	All of Canada, except Anticosti and Prince Edward Island. Extirpated in several areas. Population of the Arctic subspecies resides in Northern Canada.	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern wolf File:Eastern-wolf.jpg (Loup oriental)	Canis lycaon (Schreber, 1775)	Varied	Great Lakes region in southeastern Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec)	Template:Smalldiv
Red wolf File:Captive male red wolf - 6189869328.jpg (Loup rouge)	Canis rufus (Audubon & Bachman, 1851)	Varied	Once ranged into Ontario; extirpated.	Template:Smalldiv
Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus (Renard arctique or polaire)	Vulpes lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Tundra	Northern Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Swift fox Vulpes velox (Renard véloce)	Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)	Desert and dry prairie	Southern Prairie Provinces	Template:Smalldiv
Red fox Vulpes vulpes fulvus (Renard roux)	Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)	Varied	All of Canada except part of the Arctic Islands and West Coast	Template:Smalldiv
Family Ursidae: bears
Black bear Ursus americanus (Ours noir)	Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780)	Varied, mostly forested areas	Most of Canada except Arctic and Prince Edward Island	Template:Smalldiv
Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis (Ours brun)	Ursus arctos horribilis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Open spaces, mostly alpine and Arctic tundra	Yukon, most of British Columbia except Vancouver Island, Rocky Mountains, mainland Northwest Territory and Nunavut	Template:Smalldiv
Polar bear Ursus maritimus (Ours blanc or polaire)	Ursus maritimus (Phipps, 1774)	Edge of ice fields	Arctic Sea and coasts	Template:Smalldiv
Family Procyonidae: raccoons and allies
Raccoon Procyon lotor (Raton laveur)	Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Riparian forest	Southern Canada except Rockies	Template:Smalldiv
Family Mustelidae: mustelids
Sea otter Enhydra lutris (Loutre de mer)	Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus, 1758)	Sea and coast	Vancouver and Goose Island coast	Template:Smalldiv
Northern river otter Lontra canadensis (Loutre de rivière)	Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)	Rivers, lakes and swamps	Most of Canada except part of the Arctic and southern Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
Wolverine Gulo gulo luscus (Carcajou)	Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758)	Boreal forest, Arctic tundra	Largely extinct in southern Canada west of the Rockies - found in much of continental Canada and the Arctic islands	Template:Smalldiv
American marten Martes americana (Martre d'Amérique)	Martes americana (Turton, 1806)	Coniferous and mixed forests	Rockies to Labrador and Newfoundland, except Prairies - extinct in several parts of Eastern Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Pacific marten File:Pacific marten Martes caurina.jpg (Martre du Pacifique)	Martes caurina (Merriam, 1890)	Coniferous and mixed forests	West coast up to Yukon down to British Columbia and the Rockies	I: not evaluated
Beringian ermine Mustela erminea (Hermine béringienne)	Mustela erminea (Linnaeus, 1758)	Boreal forest, Arctic tundra	Most of Arctic Canada aside from parts of eastern Nunavut and Baffin Island	Template:Smalldiv
Haida ermine Mustela haidarum (Hermine Haïda)	Mustela haidarum (Preble, 1898)	Temperate rainforest	Haida Gwaii archipelago	Template:Smalldiv
Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes (Putois à pieds noirs)	Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman, 1851)	Prairies and grasslands	Extirpated; once inhabited southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan	Template:Smalldiv
Least weasel Mustela nivalis (Belette pygmée)	Mustela nivalis (Linnaeus, 1766)	Varied	Yukon to Labrador, except southern Quebec and Ontario	Template:Smalldiv
American ermine File:Ermine- Bacon Fiend (14083889879).jpg (Hermine américaine)	Mustela richardsonii (Bonaparte, 1838)	Varied	Almost all of Canada south of the Arctic, except part of southern Prairies and Anticosti Island.	Template:Smalldiv
Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata (Belette à longue queue)	Neogale frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831)	Open areas	Southern Rockies to western Ontario, southern Ontario to western Nova Scotia	Template:Smalldiv
Mink Neovison vison (Vison d'Amérique)	Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777)	Wetlands and rivers	Most of Canada, except the Arctic, part of the Prairies and Anticosti Island - introduced to Newfoundland	Template:Smalldiv
Fisher Martes pennanti (Pékan)	Pekania pennanti (Erxleben, 1777)	Coniferous and mixed forests near rivers	British Columbia to central Quebec, reintroduced in parts of the Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
Badger Taxidea taxus (Blaireau d'Amérique)	Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777)	Fields	Southern Prairies, south-central British Columbia and southernmost Ontario	Template:Smalldiv
Family Mephitidae: skunks
Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis (Moufette rayée)	Mephitis mephitis (Schreber, 1776)	Forests, cultivated areas, valleys	Rockies to the Maritimes - introduced in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia in the 19th century	Template:Smalldiv
Western spotted skunkFile:Spilogale gracilis.jpg (Moufette tachetée occidentale)	Spilogale gracilis (Merriam, 1890)	Thickets and bushes	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Superfamily Pinnipedia: pinnipeds
Family Otariidae: eared seals
Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus (Otarie à fourrure)	Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Sea	Off the coast of British Columbia; appreciates rocky outcrops - occasionally reported from the Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus (Otarie de Steller)	Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)	Coast waters	British Columbia; appreciates rocky outcrops	Template:Smalldiv
Walrus Odobenus rosmarus (Morse)	Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Arctic shallows	James Bay to Greenland - extinct in the Western Arctic and the Magdalen Islands	Template:Smalldiv
California sea lion Zalophus californianus (Otarie de Californie)	Zalophus californianus ((Lesson, 1828))	Coast waters	Near Vancouver Island	Template:Smalldiv
Family Phocidae: earless seals
Hooded seal Cystophora cristata (Phoque à capuchon)	Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777)	Sea	Atlantic from Gulf of the Saint Lawrence to northern Baffin Island	Template:Smalldiv
Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus (Phoque barbu)	Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)	Sea	Arctic Ocean	Template:Smalldiv
Grey seal Halichoerus grypus (Phoque gris)	Halichoerus grypus (Erxleben, 1777)	Sea rocks, and reefs	East Coast	Template:Smalldiv
Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris (Éléphant de mer du Nord)	Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866)	Tropical and temperate sea waters	Occasional in British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Harp seal Phoca groenlandica (Phoque du Groenland)	Phoca groenlandica (Erxleben, 1777)	Cold waters	Gulf of Saint Lawrence to James Bay and Greenland	Template:Smalldiv
Harbour seal Pusa hispida (Phoque commun)	Phoca vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758)	Coast waters and some interior lakes	Most Canadian coasts except the colder part of the Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Ringed seal File:Pusa hispida hispida NOAA 1.jpg (Phoque annelé)	Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)	Arctic waters and ice-floes	Arctic Ocean	Template:Smalldiv

Cetaceans

Cetaceans includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Balaenidae: right whales
Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus (Baleine boréale)	Balaena mysticetus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Polar ice shelf in winter, coastal waters in the summer	Arctic Ocean	Template:Smalldiv
North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis (Baleine franche)	Eubalaena glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Temperate coast waters	North Atlantic	Template:Smalldiv
North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica (Baleine franche)	Eubalaena japonica (Lacépède, 1818)		North Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Family Balaenopteridae: rorquals
Northern minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Petit rorqual)	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Lacépède, 1804)	Temperate or polar seas	Northern Atlantic and Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Sei whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Rorqual boréal)	Balaenoptera borealis (Lesson, 1828)	Temperate seas	Atlantic and Pacific oceans	Template:Smalldiv
Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus (Rorqual bleu)	Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Temperate and polar waters	Atlantic and Pacific oceans	Template:Smalldiv
Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (Rorqual commun)	Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pelagic, coastal	Atlantic and Pacific oceans	Template:Smalldiv
Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Baleine à bosse)	Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)	Coastal waters, often penetrates estuaries	Atlantic and Pacific oceans	Template:Smalldiv
Family Eschrichtiidae: grey whale
Grey whale Eschrichtius robustus (Baleine grise)	Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljebor, 1861)	Temperate continental shelf waters	Pacific Coast	Template:Smalldiv
Family Monodontidae: narwhal and beluga
Narwhal Monodon monoceros (Narval)	Monodon monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)	Edge of Arctic ice sheet	Eastern Arctic Ocean	Template:Smalldiv
Beluga Delphinapterus leucas (Bélouga)	Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)	Arctic coast waters - often swim deep up rivers	Eastern and Western Arctic Ocean	Template:Smalldiv
Family Phocoenidae: porpoises
Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena (Marsouin commun)	Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758)		East and West Coast	Template:Smalldiv
Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli (Marsouin de Dall)	Phocoenoides dalli (True, 1885)	Continental shelf	North Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Family Physeteridae: sperm whale
Sperm whale File:Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg (Cachalot)	Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Very deep waters	Pacific and Atlantic Oceans - only migrating males are found in Canadian waters	Template:Smalldiv
Family Ziphidae: beaked whales
Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris (Baleine à bec de Cuvier)	Ziphius cavirostris (G. Cuvier, 1823)	Uncertain	North Pacific and Atlantic	Template:Smalldiv
Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii (Grande baleine à bec)	Berardius bairdii (Stejneger, 1883)	Near continental shelf cliffs	North Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus (Baleine à bec commune)	Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster, 1770)	Subarctic waters	North Atlantic and part of Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Sowerby's beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens (Baleine à bec de Sowerby)	Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby, 1804)	Deep ocean	Temperate North Atlantic	Template:Smalldiv
Hubbs' beaked whale Mesoplodon carlhubbsi (Baleine à bec de Moore)	Mesoplodon carlhubbsi (Moore, 1963)	Temperate waters	North Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Stejneger's beaked whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri (Baleine à bec de Stejneger)	Mesoplodon stejnegeri (True, 1885)	Cold, high sea	North Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Family Delphinidae: oceanic dolphins
White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Dauphin à bec blanc)	Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Gray, 1846)	High, cold sea	North Atlantic	Template:Smalldiv
Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus (Dauphin à flancs blancs)	Leucopleurus acutus (Gray, 1828)	Temperate high sea	North Atlantic	Template:Smalldiv
Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Grand dauphin)	Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)	Coastal waters	Occasional in the Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis (Dauphin commun à bec court)	Delphinus delphis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Temperate high sea	Atlantic and Pacific Continental shelves	Template:Smalldiv
Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens (Dauphin à flancs blancs du pacifique)	Sagmatias obliquidens (Gill, 1865)	Temperate and subarctic seas	North Pacific	Template:Smalldiv
Orca Orcinus orca (Épaulard or orque)	Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)	Prefers coastal waters	Atlantic, Pacific and parts of the Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus (Globicéphale du Pacifique)	Globicephala macrorhynchus (Gray, 1846)	Varied	Pacific Ocean	Template:Smalldiv
Long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas (Globicéphale de l'Atlantique)	Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)	Varied	North Atlantic	Template:Smalldiv

Even-toed ungulates

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species worldwide, including many that are of great economic importance. Template:Sticky header

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Cervidae: deer
Moose Alces alces (Template:Not a typo)	Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)	Subarctic and open forests	Yukon to New Brunswick - introduced in Newfoundland, Cape Breton and Anticosti Islands	Template:Smalldiv
Elk Cervus canadensis (Wapiti)	Cervus canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Varied, prefers open areas	Southern Rockies and part of the Prairies, reintroduced in several part of its former range.	Template:Smalldiv
Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (Cerf mulet)	Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)	Subarctic and open forests	West Coast to Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Cerf de Virginie)	Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780)	Glens, rivers, marshes, forest edges	Southern Rockies and Prairie Provinces to coast of Labrador and Maritimes - introduced to the Anticosti Islands	Template:Smalldiv
Caribou Rangifer tarandus (Caribou)	Rangifer tarandus (Zimmerman, 1780)	Tundra, Taiga and boreal forest	Boreal forest across Canada, and parts of the Arctic and Rockies	Template:Smalldiv
Family Antilocapridae: pronghorn
Pronghorn Antilocapra americana (Antilope d'Amérique or pronghorn)	Antilocapra americana (Ord, 1815)	Prairies and plains	Southern Saskatchewan and Alberta	Template:Smalldiv
Family Bovidae: bovids
American bison Bison bison athabascae (Bison)	Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758)	Varied	South of the Great Slaves Lake - small reintroduced population found in several parts of its former range	Template:Smalldiv
Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus (Chèvre de montagne)	Oreamnos americanus (Blainville, 1816)	Mountains	Various parts of the Western Cordillera	Template:Smalldiv
Muskox Ovibos moschatus (Boeuf musqué)	Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)	Arctic tundra	Canadian Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis (Mouflon d'Amérique)	Ovis canadensis (Shaw, 1804)	Alpine prairies	South and southeastern Rockies	Template:Smalldiv
Dall sheep Ovis dalli (Mouflon de Dall)	Ovis dalli (Nelson, 1884)	Alpine tundra	Yukon and northern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv

Marsupials

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Didelphidae: New World opossums
Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana (Opossum d'Amérique or de Virginie)	Didelphis virginiana (Kerr, 1792)	Humid lowland forest	Southwestern Ontario, introduced in British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv

Rabbits, hares, and pikas

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). They can resemble rodents, but differ in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Ochotonidae: pikas
Collared pika Ochotona collaris (Pica à collier)	Ochotona collaris (Nelson, 1893)	Mountains above the tree line	Rockies of the Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
American pika Ochotona princeps (Pica d'Amérique)	Ochotona princeps (Richardson, 1828)	Mountains near the tree line	Southern British Columbia and Alberta	Template:Smalldiv
Family Leporidae: rabbits and hares
Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus (Lièvre d'Amérique)	Lepus americanus (Erxleben, 1777)	Forests	Much of mainland Canada except southernmost Ontario	Template:Smalldiv
Arctic hare Lepus arcticus (Lièvre arctique)	Lepus arcticus (Ross, 1819)	Tundra	Canadian Arctic (including Arctic Archipelago), Labrador, Newfoundland	Template:Smalldiv
White-tailed jackrabbit Lepus townsendii (Lièvre de Townsend)	Lepus townsendii (Bachman, 1839)	Fields	Southern Prairies, Okanagan Valley	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus (Lapin à queue blanche)	Sylvilagus floridanus (J. A. Allen, 1890)	Open woodlands	Southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan Ontario and Quebec	Template:Smalldiv
Mountain cottontail File:Nuttall's Cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii).jpg (Lapin de Nuttall)	Sylvilagus nuttallii (J. A. Allen, 1890)	Dry plains	Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Okanagan and Similkameen valleys	Template:Smalldiv
New England cottontail File:Sylvilagus transitionalis (juvenile).jpg (Lapin de Nouvelle-Angleterre)	Sylvilagus transitionalis (Bangs, 1895)	High elevation forests	Presence uncertain in Quebec, possibly extant	Template:Smalldiv

Rodents

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara, a rodent native to South America, can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Erethizontidae: New World porcupines
North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum (Porc-épic d'Amérique)	Erethizon dorsatum (Linnaeus, 1758)	Forests south of the tree line	All of Canada except Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Family Aplodontiidae: mountain beaver
Mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa (Castor de montagne)	Aplodontia rufa (Rafinesque, 1817)	Montane forest	Southern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Family Castoridae: beavers
North American beaver Castor canadensis (Castor)	Castor canadensis (Kuhl, 1820)	Humid areas of forests	All of Canada below the tree line except drier parts of the Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
Family Sciuridae: squirrels
Eastern grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis (Écureuil gris)	Sciurus carolinensis (Gmelin, 1788)	Prefers deep forest, but frequent in urban areas	Southern Manitoba and northwestern Ontario, southern Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern fox squirrel Sciurus Template:Not a typo (Écureuil fauve)	Sciurus Template:Not a typo (Linnaeus, 1758)	Edges of forests and groves	Southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, British Columbia and Pelee Island	Template:Smalldiv
Douglas squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii (Écureuil de Douglas)	Tamiasciurus douglasii (Bachman, 1839)	Coniferous forest	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
American red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Écureuil roux)	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1839)	Forests	Mainland Canada south of the tree line, except the southern Prairies and southwestern British Columbia; Vancouver Island	Template:Smalldiv
Humboldt's flying squirrel Glaucomys oregonensis	Glaucomys oregonensis (Bachman, 1839)	Boreal forest	Southern British Columbia continuing south through the US border	Template:Smalldiv
Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus (Grand polatouche)	Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)	Boreal forest	Mainland Canada south of the tree line except the southern Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans (Petit polatouche)	Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758)	Deciduous forest	Southern Ontario, part of Quebec, southern Nova Scotia	Template:Smalldiv
Black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus (Chien de prairie à queue noire)	Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord, 1815)	Dry prairies	Small part of southern Saskatchewan	Template:Smalldiv
Hoary marmot Marmota caligata (Marmotte des Rocheuses)	Marmota caligata (Eschscholtz, 1829)	Alpine tundra	Rockies, Columbia, and Coast Mountains	Template:Smalldiv
Yellow-bellied marmot Marmota flaviventris (Marmotte à ventre jaune)	Marmota flaviventris (Audubon and Bachman, 1841)	Mountains	Central British Columbia and southernmost Alberta	Template:Smalldiv
Groundhog Marmota monax (Marmotte commune, siffleux)	Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)	Broken ground	Much of mainland Canada east of the Rockies, inland valleys and part of western Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Vancouver Island marmot File:Marmota vancouverensis 22927340.jpg (Marmotte de Vancouver)	Marmota vancouverensis (Swarth, 1911)	Near the mountain tree line	Endemic to Vancouver Island	Template:Smalldiv
Golden-mantled ground squirrel Callospermophilus lateralis (Spermophile à mante dorée)	Callospermophilus lateralis (Say, 1823)	Montane coniferous forest	Southeastern Rockies	Template:Smalldiv
Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel Callospermophilus saturatus (Spermophile à mante dorée des Cascades)	Callospermophilus saturatus (Rhoads, 1895)	Southern British Columbia Cascade Range	British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Franklin's ground squirrel Poliocitellus franklinii (Écureuil terrestre de Franklin)	Poliocitellus franklinii (Sabine, 1822)	Parklands	Northwestern Ontario and southern Prairies except short-grass prairies	*I: Template:IUCN status least concern
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (Spermophile rayé)	Ictidomys tridecemlineatus (Mitchill, 1821)	Groves, swamps, uncultivated land	Southern Prairie Provinces	Template:Smalldiv
Columbian ground squirrel Urocitellus columbianus (Spermophile du Columbia)	Urocitellus columbianus (Ord, 1815)	Montane open areas	Southern Rocky mountains	Template:Smalldiv
Arctic ground squirrel Urocitellus parryii (Spermophile arctique)	Urocitellus parryii (Richardson, 1825)	Tundra without permafrost	Mainland Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Richardson's ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii (Spermophile de Richardson)	Urocitellus richardsonii (Sabine, 1822)	Prairies	South of the Prairie provinces	Template:Smalldiv
Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus (Tamia amène)	Tamias amoenus (Allen, 1821)	Dry montane forest	Southern and central British Columbia and Alberta	Template:Smalldiv
Least chipmunk Tamias minimus (Tamia mineur)	Tamias minimus (Bachman, 1839)	Edges of forests, groves, but also open spaces	Western Quebec to Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Red-tailed chipmunk Tamias ruficaudus (Tamia à queue rousse)	Tamias ruficaudus (A. H. Howell, 1839)	High altitude forest and valley pine groves	Southern British Columbia and Alberta	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus (Tamia rayé, Petit suisse)	Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Deciduous forest	Maritime provinces, and the southern half of Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba	Template:Smalldiv
Townsend's chipmunk Tamias townsendii (Tamia de Townsend)	Tamias townsendii (Bachman, 1839)	Western Coast lowland and montane tsuga forests	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Family Geomyidae: pocket gophers
Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Gaufre brun)	Geomys bursarius (Shaw, 1800)	Fields and banks	Southern Manitoba	Template:Smalldiv
Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides (Gaufre gris)	Thomomys talpoides (Richardson, 1828)	Open areas	Southern Prairie Provinces and British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Family Heteromyidae: heteromyids
Ord's kangaroo rat Dipodomys ordii (Rat-kangourou d'Ord)	Dipodomys ordii (Woodhouse, 1853)	Semi-deserctic areas	Great Sand Hills area	Template:Smalldiv
Olive-backed pocket mouse Perognathus fasciatus (Souris à abajoues des plaines)	Perognathus fasciatus (Wied-Neuwied, 1839)	Dry plains	Southern Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
Great Basin pocket mouse Perognathus parvus (Souris à abajoues des pinèdes)	Perognathus parvus (Peale, 1848)	Dry plains	Great Basin	Template:Smalldiv
Family Dipodidae: jerboas
Woodland jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis (Souris sauteuse des bois)	Napaeozapus insignis (Miller, 1891)	Forest streams	Eastern Canada	Template:Smalldiv
Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius (Souris sauteuse des champs)	Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann, 1780)	Wet fields	Eastern Canada (except Anticosti island and Newfoundland) to Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Western jumping mouse Zapus princeps (Souris sauteuse de l'ouest)	Zapus princeps (Allen, 1893)	Prairies	Rockies and Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
Pacific jumping mouse Zapus trinotatus (Souris sauteuse du Pacifique)	Zapus trinotatus (Rhoads, 1893)	Montane prairies	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Family Cricetidae: cricetids
Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi (Campagnol à dos roux de Gapper)	Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors), 1830	Forests	Most of the provinces, except Newfoundland and Vancouver Island	Template:Smalldiv
Northern red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus (Campagnol à dos roux boréal)	Clethrionomys rutilus (Pallas, 1779)	Shrubby tundra	Mainland Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Northern collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Lemming variable or lemming à collerette)	Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823)	Tundra	Northern Arctic islands	Template:Smalldiv
Ungava collared lemming Dicrostonyx hudsonius (Lemming d'Ungava)	Dicrostonyx hudsonius (Pallas, 1778)	Tundra	Northern Quebec	Template:Smalldiv
Victoria collared lemming (Lemming à collerette)	Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak (Anderson & Rand, 1945)	Tundra	Mainland Arctic, Banks, Victoria and King Williams Islands	Template:Smalldiv
Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming (—)	Dicrostonyx nunatakensis (Youngman, 1967)	Montane tundra	Ogilvie Mountains	Template:Smalldiv
Richardson's collared lemming (—)	Dicrostonyx richardsoni (Merriam, 1900)	Tundra	Arctic, roughly south of the Thelon River Basin	Template:Smalldiv
Sagebrush vole Lemmiscus curtatus (Campagnol des sauges)	Lemmiscus curtatus (Cope, 1868)	Sagebrush steppes	Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan	Template:Smalldiv
North American brown lemming Lemmus trimucronatus (Lemming brun)	Lemmus trimucronatus (Richardson, 1825)		Tundra of Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon, also west coast of British Columbia almost south to Vancouver Island	Template:Smalldiv
Rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus (Campagnol des rochers)	Microtus chrotorrhinus (Miller, 1894)	Rocky areas	Boreal Ontario and Quebec; southernmost Labrador; Gaspesia and northern New Brunswick	Template:Smalldiv
Long-tailed vole Microtus longicaudus (Campagnol longicaude)	Microtus longicaudus (Miller, 1894)	Varied	Western Cordillera	Template:Smalldiv
Singing vole Microtus miurus (Campagnol chanteur)	Microtus miurus (Osgood, 1901)	Alpine tundra	Yukon and neighbouring Northwest Territory	Template:Smalldiv
Montane vole Microtus montanus (Campagnol montagnard)	Microtus montanus (Peale, 1848)	Shortgrass alpine prairies	Central south British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster (Campagnol des prairies)	Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner, 1842)	Prairies	Prairie provinces	Template:Smalldiv
Tundra vole Microtus oeconomus (Campagnol nordique)	Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776)	Wet tundra	Western Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Creeping vole Microtus oregoni (Campagnol de l'oregon)	Microtus oregoni (Bachman, 1839)	Humid coniferous forest	Southern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus (Campagnol des champs)	Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)	Wet fields	All of Canada except Arctic and westernmost ranges	Template:Smalldiv
Woodland vole Microtus pinetorum (Campagnol sylvestre)	Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte, 1830)	Deciduous forest	Southernmost Ontario and Quebec	Template:Smalldiv
Water vole (Campagnol de Richardson)	Microtus richardsoni (De Kay, 1842)	Alpine prairies and streams	Cascades and southern Rockies	Template:Smalldiv
Townsend's vole Microtus townsendii (Campagnol de Townsend)	Microtus townsendii (Bachman, 1839)	Saline marshes and fields	Vancouver Island, nearby islands and Fraser River delta	Template:Smalldiv
Taiga vole Microtus xanthognathus (Campagnol à joues jaunes)	Microtus xanthognathus (Leach, 1815)	Forest streams	From southwestern Hudson Bay through northern Prairies and Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus (Rat musqué)	Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Wetlands	Most of Canada outside the Arctic and southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Western heather vole (Campagnol des bruyères)	Phenacomys intermedius (Merriam, 1889)	Varied	British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern heather vole (Phénacomys d'Ungava)	Phenacomys ungava (Merriam, 1889)	Varied	Quebec, Ontario and Labrador to southern Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Northern bog lemming (Campagnol-lemming boréal)	Synaptomys borealis (Richardson, 1828)	Peatlands	Labrador to Alaska; Gaspesia and northern New Brunswick	Template:Smalldiv
Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi (Campagnol-lemming de Cooper)	Synaptomys cooperi (Baird, 1857)	Peatlands	Western Manitoba, central and southern Ontario and Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia	Template:Smalldiv
Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea (Rat à queue touffue)	Neotoma cinerea (Ord, 1815)	Mountains	Western Cordillera	Template:Smalldiv
Yukon deer mouse (Souris de yukon)	Peromyscus arcticus (Wagner, 1845)	Forest, mountains	Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Northwestern deer mouse (Souris de keen)	Peromyscus keeni (Rhoades, 1894)	Mild and rainy forest	West of the Coastal Mountains	Template:Smalldiv
White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus (Souris à pattes blanches)	Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)	Deciduous forest	Southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern deer mouse File:Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) (9310532204).jpg (Souris sylvestre)	Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)	Anywhere except wetlands	Easternmost Saskatchewan to most of eastern Canada aside from northern Quebec and Newfoundland	Template:Smalldiv
Western deer mouse File:Deer Mouse in Tree (6438329699).jpg (Souris sylvestre)	Peromyscus sonoriensis (Wagner, 1845)	Anywhere except wetlands	Saskatchewan west to British Columbia, north to the southern Northwest Territories and eastern Yukon	Template:Smalldiv
Western harvest mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis (Souris-moissonneuse occidentale)	Reithrodontomys megalotis (Baird, 1858)	Prairies	Okanagan Valley (ssp. dychei), south of Alberta and Saskatchewan (ssp. megalotis)	Template:Smalldiv
Northern grasshopper mouse Onychomys leucogaster (Souris à sauterelles)	Onychomys leucogaster (Wied-Neuwied, 1841)	Southern Prairies	Prairies	Template:Smalldiv

Shrews and moles

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Common name (French name)	Species (authority)	Preferred habitat	Native range	Status
Family Soricidae: shrews
Northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda (Grande musaraigne)	Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823)	Deciduous forest	Eastern Saskatchewan to Maritime provinces	Template:Smalldiv
North American least shrew Cryptotis parva (Petite musaraigne)	Cryptotis parva (Say, 1823)	Fields, clearings and salt marshes	Long point, Ontario	Template:Smalldiv
Arctic shrew Sorex arcticus (Musaraigne arctique)	Sorex arcticus (Kerr, 1792)	Peatlands and marshes	From the Northwest Territory to central Quebec	Template:Smalldiv
Maritime shrew (Musaraigne des Maritimes)	Sorex maritimensis (Smith, 1939)	Peatlands and marshes	New Brunswick and Nova Scotia	Template:Smalldiv
Marsh shrew Sorex bendirii (Musaraigne de Bendire)	Sorex bendirii (Smith, 1939)	Coniferous forest	Fraser Valley	Template:Smalldiv
Masked shrew Sorex cinereus (Musaraigne cendrée)	Sorex cinereus (Smith, 1939)	Varied	Most of Mainland Canada except northernmost Quebec; Prince Edward and Cape Breton islands	Template:Smalldiv
Long-tailed shrew (Musaraigne longicaude)	Sorex dispar (Batchelder, 1911)	Wet banks	New Brunswick	Template:Smalldiv
Smoky shrew Sorex fumeus (Musaraigne fuligineuse)	Sorex fumeus (Miller, 1895)	Deciduous forest	Great lakes to Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
Gaspé shrew (Musaraigne de Gaspé)	Sorex gaspensis (Anthony & Goodwin, 1924)	Near forest streams	Gaspesia and northern New Brunswick; Cape Breton Island	Template:Smalldiv
Prairie shrew (Musaraigne des steppes)	Sorex haydeni (Baird, 1857)	Grassland	Southern Prairies	Template:Smalldiv
American pygmy shrew (Musaraigne pygmée)	Sorex hoyi (Baird, 1857)	Forest clearings	Yukon and eastern Cordillera to Labrador and Maritimes	Template:Smalldiv
Merriam's shrew (Musaraigne de Merriam)	Sorex merriami (Dobson, 1890)	Grasslands	Extreme southern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Montane shrew (Musaraigne sombre)	Sorex monticolus (Merriam, 1890)	Montane streams and marshes	Western Cordillera	Template:Smalldiv
American water shrew Sorex palustris (Musaraigne palustre)	Sorex palustris (Richardson, 1828)	Lakes and marshes	Western Cordillera to Labrador and Maritimes except southern Prairies and southernmost Ontario	Template:Smalldiv
Preble's shrew (Musaraigne de Preble)	Sorex preblei (Jackson,1922)	Montane streams and marshes	Southcentral British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Trowbridge's shrew (Musaraigne de Trowbridge)	Sorex trowbridgii (Baird, 1857)	Coniferous forest	Lower Fraser Valley	Template:Smalldiv
Tundra shrew (—)	Sorex tundrensis (Merriam, 1900)	Tundra	Yukon and Northwest territory	Template:Smalldiv
Barren ground shrew (—)	Sorex ugyunak (Anderson & Rand, 1945)	Tundra	Mainland Arctic	Template:Smalldiv
Vagrant shrew (Musaraigne errante)	Sorex vagrans (Baird, 1857)	Montane streams	Southern Cordillera	Template:Smalldiv
Family Talpidae: moles
Star-nosed mole Condylura cristata (Condylure étoilé)	Condylura cristata (Linnaeus, 1758)	Wet forest	Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Labrador, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia	Template:Smalldiv
Coast mole (Taupe du Pacifique)	Scapanus orarius (True, 1896)	Alpine coniferous forest	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Townsend's mole (Taupe de Townsend)	Scapanus townsendii (Bachman, 1839)	Fields	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Shrew-mole Neurotrichus gibbsii (Taupe de Townsend)	Neurotrichus gibbsii (Baird, 1858)	Banks	Southwestern British Columbia	Template:Smalldiv
Eastern mole (Taupe à queue glabre)	Scalopus aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Open woodlands	Point Pelee area	Template:Smalldiv
Hairy-tailed mole (Taupe à queue velue)	Parascalops breweri (Bachman, 1842)	Dry loose soils	Southern Quebec and Ontario	Template:Smalldiv

Introduced or accidental species

A number of wild mammals may be found in Canadian territory without being confirmed natives. Some were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced. These include the house mouse (Mus musculus), and brown and black rats (respectively Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus). Other include escaped animals: the coypu (Myocastor coypus), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus). Both the European fallow deer (Dama dama) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) were introduced for hunting.

Finally, other species are encountered only accidentally, or so rarely in Canadian territory that it is impossible to tell whether they are permanent residents. Most of these species are cetaceans, some generally poorly known: Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus), the dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Kogia sima and K. breviceps), Blainville's and True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris and M. mirus), the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), and the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). The big free-tailed and evening bats (respectively Nyctinomops macrotis and Nycticeius humeralis), as well as the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) are found mostly in areas south of the U.S.-Canada frontier, and occasionally in Canada.

Extinct, extirpated or reintroduced species

Out of three species that have been extirpated in Canada in written history, two have since been reintroduced.

The sea mink (Neogale macrodon) formerly lived in the Maritime Provinces, but became extinct following overhunting and habitat destruction. The only Canadian (and also last known) specimen was captured on Campobello Island, New Brunswick in 1894.

The eastern elk (Cervus canadensis canadensis), a subspecies of the elk or wapiti, was also formerly found in Quebec and Ontario, but was made extinct for much the same reasons as the sea mink.

Eastern cougars (Puma concolor couguar) were also found in the eastern provinces, but became extinct soon after populations in the United States were eradicated.

The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) became extirpated in Canada in 1937. Between the 1950s and 1981, it was suspected to be entirely extinct until a wild population was discovered in 1981 in Wyoming. Subsequent reintroductions into Canada have failed.

The swift fox (Vulpes velox) and sea otter (Enhydra lutris) both were extirpated in Canada in the 1930s, but were successfully reintroduced in the beginning of the 1970s.

See also

• Fauna of Canada
• List of mammals of the United States
• List of mammals of North America
• Lists of mammals by region
• List of prehistoric mammals

Notes

• A^ Banfield, Mammals of Canada, pp. xiv-xv.
• B^ National Symbol of Canada Act 1985 R.S.C., c. N-17: "the Beaver (Castor canadensis) is a symbol of the sovereignty of Canada". National Horse of Canada Act 2002 S.C. 2002, c. 11.

External links

• Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
• Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species