List of federally recognized tribes by state
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Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the U.S.federal government.[1] since January 8, 2024[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.[2][3] Of these, 229 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California.
Description
In the United States, the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As the Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...."[1] The constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 [1913]) warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).[4] Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency the Bureau of Indian Affairs, in consultation with federally recognized tribes.
In January 2015, the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 566 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs.[5] The number of tribes increased to 567 in July 2015 with the federal recognition of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia.[6] USA.gov, the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list of tribal governments which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.
In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574.[7] Of these, 231 are located in Alaska.
Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes today forcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century,[8] mainly to the west and especially to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma.[9]
Alabama
- Poarch Band of Creek Indians
(previously listed as Poarch Band of Creeks, Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama, Creek Nation East of the Mississippi)
Alaska
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Arizona
Multiple states:
- Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California
- Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada
- Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
- Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California & Arizona
- Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico
Arkansas
No federally recognized tribes
California
Multiple states:
- Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona and California
- Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada
- Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California & Arizona
- Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California
Colorado
Multiple states:
Connecticut
Delaware
No federally recognized tribes
Florida
- Miccosukee Tribe of Indians
(previously listed as Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida) - Seminole Tribe of Florida
Georgia
No federally recognized tribes
Hawaii
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Idaho
- Coeur D'Alene Tribe, previously listed as Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation, Idaho[10]
- Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
- Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho
- Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation
(previously listed as Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho)
Multiple states:
- Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Idaho and Nevada
Illinois
Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation[11]
[12]
Indiana
Multiple states:
Iowa
Kansas
- Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas
- Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas
(previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians)
Multiple states:
Kentucky
No federally recognized tribes
Louisiana
- Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana
- Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana
- Jena Band of Choctaw Indians
- Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe of Louisiana
Maine
- Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians
(previously listed as Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians of Maine) - Mi'kmaq Nation
(previously listed as Aroostook Band of Micmacs; Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians) - Passamaquoddy Tribe
(previously listed as Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine) - Penobscot Nation
(previously listed as Penobscot Tribe of Maine)
Maryland
No federally recognized tribes
Massachusetts
- Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Massachusetts
- Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) of Massachusetts
(previously listed as Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc.)
Michigan
Multiple states:
Minnesota
- Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota
- Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota
- Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota
- Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota
- Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota
Multiple states:
- Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (also in Minnesota)
(previously listed as Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) - Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota
Six component reservations:- Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake)
- Fond du Lac Band (also in Wisconsin)
- Grand Portage Band
- Leech Lake Band
- Mille Lacs Band
- White Earth Band
Mississippi
Multiple states:
Missouri
No federally recognized tribes
Montana
Multiple states:
- Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)
Nebraska
- Omaha Tribe of Nebraska
- Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
- Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska
(previously listed as Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska) - Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
Multiple states:
Nevada
Multiple states:
- Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Nevada and Utah
- Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Nevada and Oregon
- Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California & Nevada
- Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Idaho and Nevada
- Washoe Tribe of Nevada & California
New Hampshire
No federally recognized tribes
New Jersey
No federally recognized tribes
New Mexico
Multiple states:
- Fort Sill Apache Tribe (also Oklahoma)
- Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
- Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah
- Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico (also Arizona)
New York
North Carolina
- Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
(previously listed as Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina)
North Dakota
- Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota
- Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota
Multiple states:
- Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota
- Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)
Ohio
No federally recognized tribes
Oklahoma
Oregon
Multiple states:
Pennsylvania
No federally recognized tribes
Rhode Island
South Carolina
- Catawba Indian Nation
(previously listed as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina)
South Dakota
Multiple states:
- Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota
- Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota (also in Montana and South Dakota)
Tennessee
Multiple states:
Texas
- Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas
- Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas
(previously listed as Texas Band of Traditional Kickapoo) - Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas
Utah
- Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation of Utah (Washakie)
- Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah
- Skull Valley Band of Goshute Indians of Utah
- Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah & Ouray Reservation, Utah
Multiple states:
- Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Nevada and Utah
- Navajo Nation, Arizona, New Mexico & Utah
- Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico & Utah
Vermont
No federally recognized tribes
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
No federally recognized tribes
Wisconsin
Multiple states:
- Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (also in Minnesota)
(previously listed as Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) - Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota
- Fond du Lac Band (also in Wisconsin)
Wyoming
- Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
- Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
See also
Native Americans in the United States
- Federally recognized tribes, continental United States
- List of Alaska Native tribal entities
- List of Indian reservations in the United States
- State recognized tribes in the United States
- Organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes
- List of Indian reserves in Canada
- List of First Nations governments
- List of First Nations peoples
- Inuit
- Métis
References
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- ↑ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Sheffield (1998) p. 56
- ↑ Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015
- ↑ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Template:Webarchive
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- ↑ https://news.wttw.com/2024/04/19/illinois-now-home-federally-recognized-tribal-land-after-prairie-band-potawatomi-nation Template:Bare URL inline
- ↑ https://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/prairie-band-potawatomi-becomes-1st-federally-recognized-tribe-in-illinois/
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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