List of endemic birds of Hawaii

There are 71 known taxa of birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, of which 30 are extinct, 6 possibly extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. In the era following western contact, habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii, although native peoples are implicated in the loss of dozens of species before the arrival of Captain Cook and others, in large part due to the arrival of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) which came along with the first Polynesians.

List of species

The following is a list of bird species and subspecies endemic to the Hawaiian Islands:

Procellariidae

• Hawaiian petrel or ʻuaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis Template:IUCN status
• Newell's shearwater or ʻaʻo, Puffinus newelli Template:IUCN status
• Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani Template:IUCN status (P. assimilis: Template:IUCN status)
• Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca Template:IUCN status 99% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Anatidae

• Hawaiian goose or nēnē, Branta sandvicensis Template:IUCN status
• Hawaiian duck or koloa maoli, Anas wyvilliana Template:IUCN status
• Laysan duck, Anas laysanensis Template:IUCN status

Diomedeidae

• Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis Template:IUCN status 99.7% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
• Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes Template:IUCN status 97.5% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Accipitridae

• Hawaiian hawk or ʻio, Buteo solitarius Template:IUCN status

Rallidae

• Laysan rail, Porzana palmeri † Template:IUCN status
• Hawaiian rail or moho, Porzana sandwichensis † Template:IUCN status
• Hawaiian gallinule or ʻalae ʻula, Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis (G. chloropus: Template:IUCN status)
• Hawaiian coot or ʻalae keʻokeʻo, Fulica alai Template:IUCN status

Recurvirostridae

• Hawaiian stilt or aeʻo, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni Template:IUCN status (H. mexicanus: Template:IUCN status)

Laridae

• Hawaiian black noddy or noio, Anous minutus melanogenys (A. minutus: Template:IUCN status)

Strigidae

• Pueo, Asio flammeus sandwichensis Template:IUCN status (A. flammeus: Template:IUCN status)

Mohoidae

• Kauaʻi ʻōʻō, Moho braccatus † Template:IUCN status
• Oʻahu ʻōʻō, Moho apicalis † Template:IUCN status
• Bishop's ʻōʻō, Moho bishopi † Template:IUCN status
• Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō, Moho nobilis † Template:IUCN status
• Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma † Template:IUCN status

Corvidae

• Hawaiian crow or ʻalala, Corvus hawaiiensis Template:IUCN status

Monarchidae

• Kauaʻi ʻelepaio, Chasiempis sclateri Template:IUCN status
• Oʻahu ʻelepaio, Chasiempis ibidis Template:IUCN status
• Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis Template:IUCN status

Sylviidae

• Laysan millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris familaris † Template:IUCN status
• Nihoa millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris kingi Template:IUCN status

Turdidae

• Kamaʻo, Myadestes myadestinus † Template:IUCN status
• Puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri Template:IUCN status
• Olomaʻo, Myadestes lanaiensis Template:IUCN status
  • ʻĀmaui, Myadestes (lanaiensis) woahensis † Template:IUCN status
• ʻOmaʻo, Myadestes obscurus Template:IUCN status

See also

• List of birds of Hawaii
• List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
• Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
• List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands

References

• (2005). Hawaii's Birds. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.

External links

• USGS Biology Programs, Informative site but species classification is out of date
• IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species
• Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002
• Hawaii's Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Process and SGCN Fact Sheets