List of elected socialist mayors in the United States

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates The following is a list of mayors who have declared themselves to be socialists or have been a member of a socialist party in the United States.

Statistics

In 1911, one author estimated that there were twenty-eight such mayors[1] and in 1913 another author estimated thirty-four.[2] In 1967, however, James Weinstein's table of "Cities and Towns Electing Socialist Mayors or Other Major Municipal Officers, 1911–1920" counted 74 such municipalities in 1911 and 32 in 1913, with smaller peaks in 1915 (22) and 1917 (18):[3]Template:Rp

U.S. towns electing Socialist mayors or major officers, 1911–1920
Year No. Year No. Year No. Year No. Year No.
1911 74 1913 32 1915 22 1917 18 1919 5
1912 8 1914 5 1916 6 1918 2 1920 2
Total 82 Total 37 Total 28 Total 20 Total 7

In 1911, the SPA won election to about 1,141 local offices in total.[4]

List of mayors

Mayor Term
start 		Term
end 		City State   Party Ref
Template:Sortname 2023 Current Richmond California style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member and Richmond Progressive Alliance member) [5]
Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn 2023 Current Allegheny County Pennsylvania style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member, now former) [6]
Template:Sortname 2022 2023 Burbank California style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [7]
khalid kamauTemplate:Efn 2022 Current South Fulton Georgia style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member[8] and WFP endorsed) [9][10][11]
Template:Sortname 2021 Current South San Francisco California style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [12]
Template:Sortname 2018 Current Montpelier Vermont Fusion candidate: Vermont Progressive Party and Democratic
Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn 2018 Current Montgomery County Maryland style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [13]
Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn 2017 Current Jackson Mississippi style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party, self-described socialist [14]
Template:Sortname 2015 2019 Portland Maine style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [15]
Template:Sortname 2013 2014 Jackson Mississippi style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party, self-described socialist [16]
Template:Sortname 2007 2011 Oakland California style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [17]
Template:Sortname 2006 2012 Burlington Vermont Vermont Progressive Party
Template:Sortname 1995 2006 Burlington Vermont Vermont Progressive Party (1995-2004), then Democratic Party (2004-2006)Template:Efn
Template:Sortname 1990 1994 Saint Paul Minnesota style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [18]
Template:Sortname 1990 1993 New York City New York style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [19]
Template:Sortname 1989 1993 Burlington Vermont Vermont Progressive Party
Template:Sortname 1989 1995 Ithaca New York style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Democratic Party (DSA member) [20]
Template:Sortname 1981 1989 Burlington Vermont Template:Party shading/Independent | Independent [21]
Template:Sortname 1979 1986 Berkeley California Template:Party shading/Independent | Berkeley Citizens Action (DSA member) [22]
Template:Sortname 1976 1987 University Heights Iowa Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [23]
Template:Sortname 1948 1960 Milwaukee Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1947 1951 Norwalk Connecticut Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [24][25]
Template:Sortname 1943 1947 Reading Pennsylvania Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1935 1939 Reading Pennsylvania Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1933 1953 Rockford Illinois Rockford Progressive PartyTemplate:Efn [26][27]
Template:Sortname 1933 1957 Bridgeport Connecticut Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1931 1932 Racine Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [28][29]
Template:Sortname 1929 1931 Barre Vermont Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [30]
Template:Sortname 1927 1931 Reading Pennsylvania Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1925 1929 Peabody Massachusetts Template:Party shading/Socialist | Non-partisan election, member of the Socialist Party of America [31][32]
Template:Sortname 1922 1924 Rahway New Jersey Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [33]
Template:Sortname 1921 1933 Rockford Illinois Template:Party shading/Independent | Rockford Labor Legion (1921–29), then Independent (1929-33)Template:Efn [27]
Template:Sortname 1920 1922 Davenport Iowa Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of AmericaTemplate:Efn [34]
Template:Sortname 1920 1923 Haverhill Massachusetts Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [35]
Template:Sortname 1920 1922 Lackawanna New York Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [36]
Template:Sortname 1918 Piqua Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [37]
Template:Sortname 1918 1921 Eureka Utah Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [38]
Template:Sortname 1917 1919 Minneapolis Minnesota Template:Party shading/Independent | Socialist Party of America (1917–18), then Public Ownership Party (1918–19)Template:Efn [39]
Template:Sortname 1916 West Allis Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [40]
Template:Sortname 1916 1940 Milwaukee Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1916 1917 Barre Vermont Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [30]
Template:Sortname 1916 1917 Two Harbors Minnesota Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [41]
Template:Sortname 1915 1917 Schenectady New York Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [42]
Template:Sortname 1915 Adamston West Virginia Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1915 1919 Eureka California Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1914 1915 Edgewater Colorado Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1914 1916 Lake Worth Florida Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [44]
Template:Sortname 1914 1915 St. Johns Oregon Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [45]
Template:Sortname 1913 1914 Naugatuck Connecticut Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1913 1914 Lafayette Colorado Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1912 1913 Crookston Minnesota Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [46]
Template:Sortname 1912 Linden Heights Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [47]
Template:Sortname 1912 1916 Paonia Colorado Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1912 1915 Murray Utah Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [48][49]
Template:Sortname 1912 1914 Fairhope Alabama Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [50][51]
Template:Sortname 1912 1915 New Castle Pennsylvania Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [52]
Template:Sortname 1912 1913 Cedar City Utah Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [53]
Template:Sortname 1912 Harbor Springs Michigan Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [54]
Template:Sortname 1912 1913 St. Marys Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [55]
Template:Sortname 1912 Lorain Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [47]
Template:Sortname 1912 1913 Mount Vernon Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [47]
Template:Sortname 1912 Lima Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [47]
Template:Sortname 1912 1914 Hartford Arkansas Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [56][57]
Template:Sortname 1912 1916 Daly City California Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1911 1913 Schenectady New York Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [42]
Template:Sortname 1911 Manitowoc Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58]
Template:Sortname 1911 Wymore Nebraska Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58]
Template:Sortname 1911 1912 Flint Michigan Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [59][58]
Template:Sortname 1911 1915 Toronto Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1911 1913 Mineral Ridge Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1911 1917 Star City West Virginia Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America
Template:Sortname 1911 1913 Berkeley California Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58]
Template:Sortname 1911 1913 Coeur d'Alène Idaho Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [60]
Template:Sortname 1911 Marinette Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58]
Template:Sortname 1911 Granite City Illinois Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [61]
Template:Sortname 1911 Girard Kansas Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58]
Template:Sortname 1911   Beatrice Nebraska Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58]
Template:Sortname 1911 Two Harbors Minnesota Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [62]
Template:Sortname 1911 Red Cloud Nebraska Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [63]
Template:Sortname 1911 Edmonds Washington Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [64]
Template:Sortname 1911 1913 Gulfport Florida Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [44]
Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn 1911 1914 Butte Montana Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58][65]
Template:Sortname 1911 1915 Victor Colorado Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1911 Greenville Michigan Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [66]
Template:Sortname 1911 1913 Pasadena California Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [58][43]
Template:Sortname 1910 1912 Milwaukee Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [67]
Template:Sortname 1910 1912 Ledford Illinois Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [68]
Template:Sortname 1910 1911 Minot North Dakota Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [69]
Template:Sortname 1909 1910 Brainerd Minnesota Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [70]
Template:Sortname 1909 1914 Grand Junction Colorado Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [43]
Template:Sortname 1908 Eureka Utah Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [71]
Template:Sortname 1906 1907 Cedar City Utah Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [53]
Template:Sortname 1906 1912 Toledo Ohio Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [72]
Template:Sortname 1905 1906 Red Lodge Montana Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [73][74]
Template:Sortname 1903 1904 Haverhill Massachusetts Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [35][75]
Template:Sortname 1903 Anaconda Montana Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [76]
Template:Sortname 1903 1904 Sheboygan Wisconsin Template:Party shading/Socialist | Socialist Party of America [77][78]
Template:Sortname 1900 1901 Brockton Massachusetts Template:Party shading/Socialist | Social Democratic Party, then Socialist Party of AmericaTemplate:Efn [79][80]Template:Rp
Template:Sortname 1898 1900 Haverhill Massachusetts Template:Party shading/Socialist | Social Democratic Party, then Socialist Party of AmericaTemplate:Efn [80]Template:Rp

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

  • Benjamin F. Arrington, Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1922; pg. 976.
  • Henry Bengston, On the Left in America: Memoirs of the Scandinavian-American Labor Movement. SIU Press, 1999; pg. 237.
  • Hiram Taylor French, History of Idaho: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People and Its Principal Interests. New York: New York Public Library, 1914; pg. 976.
  • C. Hal Nelson, Sinnissippi Saga: A History of Rockford and Winnebago County, Illinois. Winnebago County Illinois Sesquicentennial Committee, 1968; pg. 536.
  • Jack Ross, "Socialist Elected Officeholders, 1897-1960." The Socialist Party of America: A Complete History. Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2015; pp. 609–638.
  • James Weinstein, The Decline of Socialism in America 1912–1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967; pp. 116–118.
  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Democratic Left, vol. 8 no. 1 (January 1990), page 7.
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ "Freese Quits Socialists In Norwalk: Mayor Heads Party of Independents for November Election," Hartford Courant, August 14, 1951. Freese ran again for office as an independent, winning additional two year terms in 1951, 1953, and 1957. See: Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 612.
  26. ↑ Hal Nelson 1968, pp. 102.
  27. ↑ a b Bengston 1999, pp. 209.
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ "A Socialist Mayor: New Jersey Socialists Carry Rahway," The New Age (Buffalo), June 1, 1922, pg. 5.
  34. ↑ "Socialists Elected," San Bernardino County Sun, April 4, 1920, pg. 3.
  35. ↑ a b Arrington 1922, pp. 487.
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ "Socialist Mayor Frank B. Hamilton" was embroiled in a federal sedition case late in 1918. See: Ohio Socialist, whole no. 49 (Jan. 1, 1919), pp. 1, 4. He was elected in Nov. 1917, according to "Frank B. Hamilton," Template:Webarchive Miami County Genealogical Researchers, http://www.thetroyhistoricalsociety.org/
  38. ↑ John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism: Startling, Socialistic, and Decidedly Revolutionary. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 2011; pg. 192.
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Love was elected by a margin of 164 votes in the April 1916 election. "About the Milwaukee Election: Socialists Elect Mayor and Two Socialist Aldermen in West Allis," St. Louis Labor, whole no. 794 (April 22, 1916), pg. 8.
  41. ↑ Bengston 1999, pp. 182.
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 610.
  44. ↑ a b Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 612.
  45. ↑ Michael Munk, "Socialist Party of Oregon," The Oregon Encyclopedia.
  46. ↑ "Elections Bring Victory!!" Social Democratic Herald [Milwaukee], vo. 14, no. 28, whole no. 693 (Nov. 11, 1911), p. 1.
  47. ↑ a b c d "1,000 Socialists Now in Office," Chicago Daily Socialist, vol. 6, no. 33 (Dec. 2, 1911), p. 1.
  48. ↑ Ann Arbor Call, whole no. 91 (August 17, 1912), pg. 2.
  49. ↑ Elected to two terms, 1911 and 1913. See: John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism, pg. 201.
  50. ↑ Ross, The Socialist Party of America, pg. 609.
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ a b John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism, pg. 189.
  54. ↑ A.R. Pontius, "Victory in Michigan," Appeal to Reason, whole no. 851 (March 23, 1912), p. 3.
  55. ↑ "Comrades Who Will Control the City Government of St. Marys Ohio for the Next Two Years," International Socialist Review, vol. 12, no. 6 (Dec. 1911), pp. 376-378.
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (pay-fee for article)
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ a b c d e f g h i "The Socialist Avalanche," Political Action [Milwaukee], whole no. 39 (April 15, 1911), pg. 1.
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ French 1914, pp. 917.
  61. ↑ Oscar Leonard, "From Mill Hand to Mayor," The Coming Nation, whole no. 37 (April 23, 1911), p. 14.
  62. ↑ "Socialists Elect Mayor of Two Harbors, Minn.," Chicago Daily Socialist, vol. 5, no. 126 (March 23, 1911), p. 1.
  63. ↑ Political Action [Milwaukee], whole no. 39 (April 15, 1911), pg. 1.
  64. ↑ "Edmonds and Its Socialist Mayor," The Coming Nation, whole no. 34 (May 6, 1911), p. 5.
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ "Socialists in Greenville," The Coming Nation, whole no. 35 (May 13, 1911), p. 11.
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ "Elect Mayor as Socialist," Chicago Daily Socialist, vol. 4, no. 156 (April 27, 1910), pg. 4.
  69. ↑ LeSueur was elected on a ballot which did not list party affiliation but he was a veteran Socialist nominated to run by Local Grand Forks. See: Mila Tupper Maynard, "A Socialist Mayor and an Almost Mayor," Social-Democratic Herald [Milwaukee], vol. 13, no. 35, whole no. 648 (Dec. 31, 1910), pg. 2.
  70. ↑ "Brainerd, Minn., Elects Socialist Mayor," St. Louis Labor, vol. 6, whole no. 429 (April 24, 1909), pg. 5.
  71. ↑ John S. McCormick and John R. Sillito, A History of Utah Radicalism, pg. 190.
  72. ↑ Won 4th term in Nov. 1911 according to "Elections Bring Victory!!" Social Democratic Herald [Milwaukee], vo. 14, no. 28, whole no. 693 (Nov. 11, 1911), p. 1.
  73. ↑ "Deadly Assault on Socialist Mayor," Chicago Daily Socialist, Dec. 17, 1906, pg. 3.
  74. ↑ Ross 2015, p. 619.
  75. ↑ "Address of a Socialist Mayor," American Labor Union Journal, vol. 1, no. 26 (April 2, 1903), pg. 2
  76. ↑ Peter Buckingham, "Red Tom" Hickey: The Uncrowned King of Texas Socialism. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 2020; p. 153
  77. ↑ "Socialist Mayor Assumes Office: The Inauguration of Mayor Born at Sheboygan Marks the First Municipal Victory for Socialism in Wisconsin," Social Democratic Herald [Milwaukee], April 25, 1903, pg. 1.
  78. ↑ Expelled by State Executive Board of the Social Democratic Party of Wisconsin on Jan. 16, 1904, for approving a private concession for a city trolley line. See: "The Expulsion of Mayor Born," Social Democratic Herald, Jan. 23, 1904, pg.5.
  79. ↑ Won election in November 1899 by a plurality of 1,564. See: Appeal to Reason, Dec. 16, 1899, pg. 4.
  80. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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