List of copyright duration by country

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates

File:World copyright terms.svg
Worldwide map of copyright term length

Copyright is the right to copy and publish a particular work. The terms "copy" and "publish" are quite broad. They include copying in electronic form, making translated versions, creating a television program based on the work, and putting the work on the Internet. A work is protected by copyright if it is a literary or artistic work. This general expression covers almost all products of creative and original effort. Copyright protects only the specific expression of an idea, not the idea itself. A collection of facts may be copyrighted if there was creative activity involved in compiling the collection. Several countries provide separate protection for collections of facts that qualify as "databases", but that provision is not considered copyright. Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work. In some countries, registration with a copyright office has additional benefits, such as the ability to sue, or to receive more money in damages. When a work's copyright term ends, the work passes into the public domain.

Berne Convention

Map of the world showing signatory states of the Berne Convention
Signatory states of the Berne Convention

The Berne Convention stipulates that the duration of the term for copyright protection is the life of the author plus at least 50 years after their death.[1] For some categories of works, the minimum duration is shorter: for example, the minimum term for applied art is 25 years, movies have a minimum term of 50 years. Most countries have opted for a longer term of protection, as permitted.

Under the Convention, the duration of copyright depends on the length of the author's life. Berne specifies that copyright exists a minimum of 50 years after the author's death,[1] while a number of countries, including members of the European Union and the United States, have extended that to 70 years after the author's death. A small number of countries have extended copyright even further, with Mexico having the longest term at 100 years after the author's death.

United States

In 1989, the Berne Convention became effective in the U.S. Since that date, U.S. authors obtain copyright on their works automatically, with registration no longer required. However, many U.S. texts on copyright have not been updated and still echo the old registration principle.[2]

Copyright registration remains available in the U.S. To initiate a lawsuit against an infringer, registration is still required. Registration offers the potential of statutory damages from the infringer, rather than only actual damages.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

European Union

All countries within the European Union are signatory states of the Berne Convention. Additionally, Copyright in the European Union is regulated through European Directives.

The member states of the European Union have, following a directive, increased the term to life of the author plus 70 years after their death. Although this was not the original intention, the extension applies retroactively; this had the effect that works that had ended up in the public domain because the author was dead for 50 years, received an additional twenty years of protection.

European countries follow the principle that copyright protection is granted automatically upon creation of the work. This principle was first established in the Berne Convention (1886), and Article 5 of the Convention expressly forbids any member country to require formal action for copyright protection.[3][4][5][6]

Copyright duration by country

Countries and respective copyright terms, with length of standard copyright in years are listed. Entries for non-country entities are included: the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death.

Legend

  • 0, has no copyright = Not copyrighted at all
  • Life + xx years = Copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
  • xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
  • Until year end = Copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. 31 December, unless otherwise specified
  • Berne = Country has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column
  • TRIPS = The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members. This also indicates that this country has at least a minimum of 50 years after the death of the creator until the copyright expires.
  • WCT = The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty, (WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT), is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996.

Table

Countries, areas, and entities Copyright terms based on authors' deathsTemplate:Efn Copyright terms based on publication and creation datesTemplate:Efn Until year end?
Template:Flagdeco Afghanistan Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[7] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[7]


50 years from publication (published after authors' deaths)[7]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[7]
50 years from publication (photographic, painting works)[7]
50 years from creation (phonogram)[7]

Yes (Afghan calendar)[7]
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Life + 70 years[8]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[8]Template:Rp


70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[9]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[8]Template:Rp

Yes[8]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)[10]Template:Rp 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[10]Template:Rp

50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[10]Template:Rp

Yes[10]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Life + 70 yearsTemplate:Efn[11]Template:Rp 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[11]Template:Rp

70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[11]Template:Rp

Yes[11]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Life + 70 years[12]


Life + 45 years (photographic works or applied arts)[12]

Yes[12]
File:Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla Life + 50 years[13] 50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.[13]
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Life + 50 years[14][15]Template:Rp 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[15]Template:Rp


50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[15]Template:Rp
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[15]Template:Rp

Yes[15]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Argentina Life + 70 years[16]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[16]Template:Rp
Phonograms: 70 years from first publication.[17][18][19][20]
Photographs: 20 years from first publication.[21]
Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).[21] 		Yes[16]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Life + 70 years[22]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[22]Template:Rp Yes[22]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba Life + 50 years[23](wikisource)
Template:Flagicon Australia (including external territories) Life + 70 years[24]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[24]Template:Rp


50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[24]Template:Rp
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[24]Template:Rp
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][25]

Yes[24]Template:Rp[25]
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Life + 70 yearsTemplate:Efn[26]Template:Rp[27] 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[26]Template:Rp Yes[26]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Azerbaijan Life + 70 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[28]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[28]Template:Rp Yes[28]Template:Rp
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Script error: No such module "anchor". Berne
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[29]Template:Rp 50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[29]Template:Rp

40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is shorter (computer software)[29]Template:Rp

Template:Flagicon Bangladesh Life + 60 years or Publication + 60 years[30]Template:Rp 60 years from publication (cinematographic films,[30]Template:Rp sound recordings,[30]Template:Rp photographs,[30]Template:Rp computer programmes[30]Template:Rp or works of the Government, local authority or an international organisation[30]Template:Rp) Yes[30]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Life + 50 years[31][32]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[32]Template:Rp


50 years from making (computer-generated work)[32]Template:Rp
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[32]Template:Rp
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[32]Template:Rp
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[32]Template:Rp

Yes[32]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Life + 50 years[33]Template:Rp 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[33]Template:Rp


50 years from fixation (performance)[33]Template:Rp
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[33]Template:Rp
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[33]Template:Rp

Yes[33]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Life + 70 years[34] Yes[34]
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Life + 50 years[35] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[35]
50 years from publication (sound recording or film)[35]
50 years from publication (computer-generated work)[35] 		Yes
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Life + 50 years[36]
File:Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda Life + 50 years[37]
Berne Convention signatories Life + 50 years[38]


Signatories may grant longer terms.[39]

50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[40]


50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[41]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[42]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[39]

Yes[43]
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Life + 50 years[44]
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia Life + 50 years[45]
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Life + 70 years[46]
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Berne, TRIPS, WCT[47]
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Life + 70 years

Publication + 70 years (audiovisual and photograpical works)

Publication + 70 years (anonymous and pseudonymous works)

Creation + 70 years (sound recordings)

Publication + 50 years, or, if unpublished, creation + 50 years (computer programs)

Yes[48]Template:Rp
File:Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg British Indian Ocean Territory Life + 70 Years
File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg British Virgin Islands Life + 70 Years
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Life + 50 years[49]
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Life + 70 years (EU)[50]
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Life + 70 years[51]
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Life + 50 years

[52]

50 years from publication (phonograms)[52]
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[53]
Template:Flagicon Cameroon Life + 50 years[54]
Template:Flagicon Canada Life + 70 years (except certain posthumous works)[55][56]


[Life + 50 years (death before 1972)]

75 years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works). There is no revival of copyright in any work in which the copyright had expired before the coming into force in January 2023 of the extension of the term of copyright from 50 to 70 years.


50 years from publication (certain posthumous works)[57]

Yes[57]
File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Life + 50 years[9]
File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands Life + 70 years[58]
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Berne, TRIPS
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Berne, TRIPS
Template:Flagicon Chile Life + 70 years[59]
Template:Flagicon China (mainland only) Life + 50 years (citizens' works)[60]Template:Rp 50 years from publication, or if unpublished, 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[60]Template:Rp Yes[60]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Life + 80 years[61]Template:Rp 80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[61]Template:Rp Yes[61]Template:Rp
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Berne
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Democratic Republic of the Life + 50 years[62]Template:Rp 25 years from publication (photograph works).[62]Template:Rp
50 years from publication (anonymous, pseudonymous or posthumous work)[62]Template:Rp 		Yes[62]Template:Rp
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Republic of the Life + 50 years[63] 25 years from creation (photographic work and work of applied art)[63]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Life + 70 years[64]
Template:Country data Côte d'Ivoire Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published within this period)[65]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[65]Template:Rp Yes[65]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Life + 70 years[66]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Life + 50 years
File:Flag of Curaçao.svg Curaçao Life + 50 years[67]
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Life + 70 years
(EU, WCT)[68]
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Life + 70 years[69]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous works)[69]Template:Rp Yes[69]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 70 years[70]Template:Efn
File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Life + 50 years[71]Template:Rp For a cinematographic work, 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to the public with the author's consent.[71]Template:Rp
For a photographic work or work of applied art, 25 years from the production of the work[71]Template:Rp 		Yes[71]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Life + 70 years[72]
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Life + 70 years[73]
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 70 years[74]
Template:Flagicon Egypt Life + 50 years[75]
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Life + 70 years[76] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[76]
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Life + 80 years.[77] However, there are additional expiration rules in Article 38 of the Main Equatorial Guinea Intellectual Property Law which may affect this.
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Life only, but at least 50 years since publication, whichever is longer (except posthumous works)[78]Template:Rp 50 years since publication (posthumous works)[78]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Life + 70 years (EU)[79]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[79]Template:Rp Yes[79]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Life + 50 years[80]
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Life + 50 years[81]
File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union Members Life + 70 years[82]Template:Rp Anonymous or pseudonymous works only: "70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public" (Art.1(3)). Protection ends if the work is not made available within 70 years from creation. (Art.1(6)).[82]Template:Rp Yes[82]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[83]
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Life + 70 years[84] 50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[85]Template:Rp

50 years from creation (photographic works)[85]Template:Rp

Yes[85]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon France Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)Template:Efn[86]Template:Rp

The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[87]

+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[86]Template:Rp
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[86]Template:Rp
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service (based on the former copyright term, which was life + 50 years, meaning that, in practice, the addition is 10 years longer than the current life + 70 years term)[86]Template:Rp

70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[86]Template:Rp

25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[86]Template:Rp

Yes[86]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Script error: No such module "anchor". Berne, TRIPS, WCT
File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia Life + 50 years[88]
Template:Country data Georgia Life + 70 years[89]
Template:Flagicon Germany Life + 70 years[90][91] 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication[92] Yes[93]
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Life + 70 years[94]
Template:Flagicon Greece Life + 70 yearsTemplate:Efn[95]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[95]Template:Rp Yes[95]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Berne, TRIPS[96]
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Life + 75 years[97]Template:Rp 75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[97]Template:Rp Yes[97]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea TRIPS, WCT
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Berne, TRIPS
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Life + 50 years[98]
File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Script error: No such module "anchor". Berne, TRIPS[99]
File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras Life + 75 years[100] 70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[101] Yes[101]
Template:Flagicon Hong KongTemplate:Efn Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[102]Template:Rp


Life + 50 years (films)[102]Template:RpTemplate:Efn

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[102]Template:Rp


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[103]Template:Rp
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[103]Template:Rp
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[103]Template:Rp

Yes[103]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Life + 70 years[104]Template:Rp


If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[104]Template:Rp

70 years and shall be counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of the work in case the person of the author is unknown. However, should the author become known during this period of time, the term of protection shall be counted from the first day of the year following the death of the author.[104]Template:Rp

70 years counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of a collective work or a cinematographic creation.[104]Template:Rp
25 years from the first day of the year following the first disclosure if copyright protection of a scope consistent with the author's economic rights shall be due to the person who, following the expiration of the term of protection or the period of time determined in the term of protection shall be counted from a date other than the first day of the year following the death of the author, the author dying last, or the joint author, discloses according to the law a work previously not disclosed to the public.[104]Template:Rp
As an exception expressions of folklore themselves do not, however, enjoy copyright protection in Hungary.[104]Template:Rp

Yes[104]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 70 years[105]
Template:Flagicon India[106] Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)Template:Efn[107]Template:Rp 60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[107]Template:Rp Yes[107]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Life + 70 years[108] 70 years from the author's death for books, musics, etc.
50 years after publication for cinematography, photograph, etc.[108]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran Life + 50 years[109] 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[110]
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Life + 50 years[111] 5 years from publication (photographic works)[112]
Template:Flagicon Ireland Life + 70 years[113] Yes
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Life + 70 years[114] 50 years from publication (photographs created until May 2007)[114] Yes[114]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][115]Template:Rp 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[115]Template:Rp

20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)

Yes[115]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica[116]Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 95 years
(for authors that died in 1962 or later)[117]

Life + 50 years (for authors that died before 1962) [118]

Template:Rp

95 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, work for hire)[118]Template:Rp


95 years from creation (computer-generated work, broadcast, cable programme)[118]Template:Rp
95 years from publication or if unpublished 95 years from creation (sound recording or film)[118]Template:Rp
50 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[118]Template:Rp

Yes[118]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Japan Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 70 years[119][120]Template:Rp 70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[120]Template:Rp

70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[121][120]Template:Rp
70 years from creation (cinematographic works), and 38 years after the film director's death (for films released before 1971), whichever comes last.Template:RpTemplate:Rp

Yes[120]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Jordan Life + 50 years[122]
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[123]
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[124]Template:Rp 50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[124]Template:Rp Yes[124]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati Life + 50 years[88]
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Life only Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Yes
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Life + 50 years[125] Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication[125]
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Life + 70 years (amended on 2011-06-30)[126]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[126]Template:Rp

70 years from publication, or if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works made for hire, cinematographic works)[126]Template:Rp

Yes[126]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait TRIPS[127]
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Life + 50 years[128]
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 yearsTemplate:Efn 50 years after making available. Also:
• Anonymous/pseudonymous work: 50 years from the date the work was made available to the public;
• Cinematographic work: 50 years from making available, failing that, 50 years from making;
• Applied art: 25 years from date of creation.

Related: Performances, phonograms, broadcasts: 50 years since the date of performance, fixation, and broadcast, respectively.

File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Life + 70 years[129]Template:Rp
[Life + 50 years][130] 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[131] Yes[129]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Life + 50 years[132] 50 years after lawful publication; failing publication, 50 years after work completion. Also:
• economic rights: 50 years from performance.
• moral rights: perpetual
• broadcasters' rights: 20 years after first broadcasting.[133]
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Life + 50 years[88]
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Life + 50 years[134]
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][135]
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][136]
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][137]
File:Flag of Macau.svg MacauTemplate:Efn Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[138]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (anonymous works)[138]Template:Rp


50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[138]Template:Rp
25 years from completion (works of applied art)[138]Template:Rp

Yes[138]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Life + 70 years[139]
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Life + 50 years[140]
Template:Flagicon Malaysia[141] Life + 50 years (literary, musical and artistic works, not posthumous)[142]Template:Rp 50 years after publication (posthumous work, published edition, film, live performance)[142]Template:Rp

50 years after publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous, pseudonymous work, sound recording, broadcast, film)[142]Template:Rp
50 years after being made (broadcast)[142]Template:Rp

Yes[142]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives Life + 50 years[143]
File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Life + 50 years[144]
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Life + 70 years[145] Yes[145]
File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands 0, no copyright.Template:Efn[146][147] At this stage the Republic of Marshall Islands is not member to any international convention [or treaty] on copyright[148] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime. 0, no copyright.Template:Efn Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime.
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Berne, TRIPS
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Life + 50 years[149]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Life + 100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[150]


Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)[151]
Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)[152]
Life + 30 years (before the law change on 11 January 1982, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1952)

  • 75 years from the first fixation of the recording or the first performance/recording of the performance, respectively.
  • 50 years from first publication of the book, the first fixation of the recording, or the first broadcast.
 Yes
Template:Country data Micronesia Life + 50 years[153]
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Life + 70 years[154]
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Life + 50 years[155]
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Life + 50 years[156]
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg MontenegroTemplate:Efn Life + 70 years[157]
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Life + 50 years[158] 70 years after a work's lawful publication; if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's communication to the public; if no lawful communication to the public has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work is made; and

moral rights last perpetually.

70 years for Performers' rights, if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the performance, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's first performance.

70 years for Broadcasters' rights: if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the work's creation, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's creation.[159]

File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Life + 70 years[160]
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar TRIPS
File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)[161]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (posthumous works)[161]Template:Rp

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[161]Template:Rp

Yes[161]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Life + 50 years[162]Template:Rp 25 years after work was made (applied art)[162]Template:Rp

25 years after publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[162]Template:Rp
50 years after the latest of creation, availability to the public, or publication (collective work or film)[162]Template:Rp
100 years after creation (government works)[162]Template:Rp

Yes[162]
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Life + 50 years 25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)[163]
Template:Flagicon Netherlands Life + 70 years[164] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[165]

25 years from publication (works first published more than 70 years after the death of the author)[166]

Yes[167]
Template:Country data Caribbean Netherlands Life + 50 years[168]
Template:Flagicon New Zealand Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[169]Template:Rp 50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[169]Template:Rp Yes[169]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Life + 70 years[170]
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Life + 50 years[171]
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[172] 70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)


50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from publication (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[172]

Yes[172]
Template:Country data North Macedonia Life + 70 years[173]
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Life + 70 years


Life + 15 years, but no less than 50 years after publication ("'simple' photographs")[174][175]

70 years following the year of death of the author (i.e. an author that died in 1950 will have their works protected until 1 January 2021). In a collective or joint work, this is counted from the death of the longest surviving author. For a motion picture, the following are to be considered authors: main director, scriptwriter, dialogue author, and composer of original musical score.

70 years for anonymous works from the year when the work was created. If such an unpublished work, whose copyright has expired, is then later published, the publisher is entitled for a copyright for 25 years from the year of publication[174]

One exception from the rule is works that are already in public domain in their country of origin who are members of the Berne Union and/or WTO. These will enter public domain in Norway once they enter public domain in the country of their origin even if less than 70 years have passed since the creators' death.[176]

"Norway also has some peculiar laws that protect «simple» photographs. I.e. photographs, such as snapshots, that are below the threshold of originality to merit copyright protection are given neighbouring rights protection. [..] The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly. The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors: economic rights and moral rights. [..] For material that is outside the scope of copyright, the phrase «i det fri» («in the free») is used. This corresponds roughly to the term «public domain» in English. Norwegian copyright law makes a distinction between copyright and neighbouring rights. Only creative and artistic works are subject to copyright. Some other types of works are protected by so-called neighbouring rights."[174]

Yes[175]
Template:Flagicon Oman Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 70 years[177] 90 years from the year following the publication

120 years from the year following the completion[178]

Yes
Template:Flagicon Pakistan Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[179] Yes[179]
File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Life + 50 years[180]
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Life + 70 years[181] Yes
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Life + 50 years[182]
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Life + 70 years[183]
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Life + 70 years[184]
Template:Flagicon Philippines Life + 50 years[185]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation[185]Template:Rp Yes[185]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Poland Life + 70 years[186]
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][187]
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[188]
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 70 years[189]
Template:Flagicon Russia Life + 70 years[190]

Life + 74 years (for those who fought in or worked during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945))

Date of rehabilitation + 70 (74) years (for unlawfully prosecuted and posthumously rehabilitated)

Protection applies if copyright term of Life + 50 years (or Life + 54 years) did not expire by 1 January 1993.[191]

50 years from publication (radio and television broadcasts)[192]

50 years from creation if unpublished, or 50 years from publication (sound records)[193]

70 years from publication (anonymous works)[190]

70 years from publication if published within 70 years from death (posthumous publication)

70 years from publication if published before 3 August 1993 by a corporation (cinematographic, television, radio works, print periodicals and compilations).[191] Protection term applies to "the whole work" only, i.e. individual authors of each protectable part of the whole work retain their own copyright[194]

All works published prior to the October Revolution (7 November 1917) are believed to be uncopyrighted.

File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Berne, TRIPS
File:Flag of Saint Helena.svg Saint Helena Life + 50 years
Template:Country data St. Kitts and Nevis Life + 50 years[88]
Template:Country data St. Lucia Life + 50 years[195]
Template:Country data St. Vincent and the Grenadines Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[196] 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[196]Template:Rp


50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[196]Template:Rp
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[196]Template:Rp

Yes[196]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Life + 75 years[197]
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Life + 50 years[198]
File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Life + 70 years[199]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Life + 50 years[200] The period of copyright for the author of a work shall be for the duration of his life and for a period of fifty years following his death.[201]
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Life + 70 years[202]
Template:Flagicon SerbiaTemplate:Efn Life + 70 years[157]
File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Life + 50 years[203] 50 years from publication (audio-visual works)[203]Template:Rp

25 years from creation (applied art)[203]Template:Rp

Yes[203]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Life + 50 years[204]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[204]Template:Rp

50 years from creation (sound recording)[204]Template:Rp

File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore[205] Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)[206][207]Template:Rp 70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[207]Template:Rp


70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[207]Template:Rp
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[207]Template:Rp
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[207]Template:Rp

Yes[207]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg Sint Maarten Life + 50 years[67]
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Life + 70 years[208]
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Life + 70 years[209]
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Life + 50 years[210]
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Very unclear. See the discussion at Commons.
Template:Flagicon South Africa Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[211]Template:Rp 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)[211]Template:Rp

50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[211]Template:Rp

Yes[211]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Spain Life + 70 years (for authors that died on or after 7 December 1987)


Life + 80 years (for authors that died before 7 December 1987)

[212]

Yes[212]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Life + 70 years[213] 70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work)[213]
25 years from publication (applied art)[213] 		Yes[213]
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Life + 50 years[214]Template:Rp 25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[214]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Life + 50 years[215] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) (art. 39) Yes
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Life + 70 years[216] Yes[216]
Template:Flagicon Switzerland Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs[217]


[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][218]

50 years after performance (performers' rights)[219]Template:Rp Yes[219]Template:Rp
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Life + 50 years[220]Template:Rp 10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[220]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Taiwan (Republic of China) Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[221]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[221]Template:Rp


50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[221]Template:Rp
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[221]Template:Rp

Yes[221]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon Tajikistan Berne
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Life + 50 years[222]
Template:Flagicon Thailand Life + 50 years[223] 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation
File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor Leste Life + 50 years[224]
File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo Life + 50 years[225]
File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Life + 50 years[226]
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Life + 50 years[227]
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Life + 50 years[228]
  • Authors' rights :
    • economic rights: reproduction right; right of adaptation and translation; public performance right; broadcasting right; right of communication to the public by cable or satellite or any other means; right of communication of a broadcast work in a public place.
    • moral rights: right to claim authorship; right to object modification; right of disclosure; right of withdrawal.
  • Performers' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding performers.
  • Broadcasters' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding broadcasters.[229]
Template:Flagicon Turkey Life + 70 years[230] 70 years from publication for work-for-hire
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Life + 50 years[231]
File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Life + 50 years[88]
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[232] 50 years from publication (corporate works, anonymous works, and computer programs)[232]
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years (1994–2001)][233] 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)
70 years from publication (published within 30 years from authors' deaths)[233] 		Yes[233]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Life + 50 years[234]
Template:Flagicon United Kingdom Life + 70 years

If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[235]Template:Rp

For films, life + 70 years for the last to die of: principal director, author of screenplay, author of dialogue, or composer of music specifically created for and used in the film.[235]Template:Rp

70 years if the author is unknown

70 years after release; if not released, 70 years after making (sound recordings).[236] Recordings which entered the public domain prior to 1 January 2013 are not retroactively covered.

50 years from end of calendar year when the broadcast was first made (broadcasts)[235]Template:Rp

Yes[235]Template:Rp
Template:Flagicon United States[237] Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[238] 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[239]

95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1931–1963 (copyrights prior to 1931 have expired, not including copyrights on sound recordings fixed prior to 15 February 1972, which are covered under the Music Modernization Act.)[240]

Yes[241]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms Life + 25 years (general works)[242] 25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[242]

10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[243]

File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Life + 70 years[244] 70 years after the work is made available (anonymous and pseudonymous works)[245]

70 years from publication (collective works)[245]

Yes[245]
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Life + 70 years[246]
File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[247] 25 years after the work is made (works of applied art)[247]

50 years after the latest of: the date the work is made, the date the work is made available to the public or the date of first publication (works published anonymously or under a pseudonym, collective works and audiovisual works)[247]
50 years after the death of the last author to die (works of joint authorship)[247]

Yes[247]
File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Vatican City Life + 70 years[248]
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Life + 60 years[249]Template:Rp 60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[249]Template:Rp

60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[249]Template:Rp

Yes[249]Template:Rp
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Berne
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[250] 10 years from the date of issue from 1 January of the year of issue for photographs;

25 years from the date of production from 1 January of the production year for motion picture or television film.[251]

After expiry of copyright, the work "may be announced to be the ownership of the State" (emphasis added).[251]

File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Script error: No such module "anchor". Life + 50 years[252]
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Life + 50 years[253][254]Template:Rp 50 years from publication (photographs)[254]Template:Rp


50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[254]Template:Rp
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[254]Template:Rp

Yes[254]Template:Rp

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Berne Convention Article 7.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Berne Convention Article 5.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990
  10. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b c Art. 72 and 73(1), Copyright Law n° 15/14, July 2014 1990 (PDF).
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
  15. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b Art. 34 Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997, as amended by Law 25006 B.O. 13 August 1998.
  22. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b c d e Copyright Act 1968 Template:Webarchive (Australia)
  25. ↑ a b Information Sheets G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council Template:Webarchive
  26. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ § 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 16 December 1972)
  28. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
  32. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ a b c d s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252 Template:Webarchive
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ How long does copyright last? Template:Webarchive from Bermuda Government website.
  38. ↑ Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
  39. ↑ a b Art. 7(6), Berne Convention(1)
  40. ↑ Art. 7(2), Berne Convention(1)
  41. ↑ Art. 7(3), Berne Convention(1)
  42. ↑ Art. 7(4), Berne Convention(1)
  43. ↑ Art. 7(5), Berne Convention(1)
  44. ↑ s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001
  45. ↑ Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992
  46. ↑ Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)
  47. ↑ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007 Template:Webarchive
  51. ↑ Art. 34, Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique Template:Webarchive
  52. ↑ a b "ACT No. 1/021 of December 30, 2005, On the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Burundi" Template:Webarchive. WIPO.int.
  53. ↑ Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003
  54. ↑ Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000 Template:Webarchive
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ a b s. 6, Copyright Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-42) Template:Webarchive;
    s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003) Template:Webarchive
  60. ↑ a b c Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, Art. 21.
  61. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ a b Law No. 24/82 of 7 July 1982, Ordinance-Law No. 86-033 on the Protection of Copyright and Neighboring Rights, Democratic Republic of the Congo Template:Webarchive
  64. ↑ Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos Template:Webarchive (as last amended by Law No. 8834 of 3 May 2010)
  65. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act Template:Webarchive
  67. ↑ a b Copy right directive 1913 (Netherlands Antilles) Template:Webarchive, last amended 1 March 2004.
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ s. 63, Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  71. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ s. 11, Copyright Act 2003
  73. ↑ Art. 21, Ley 65-00 sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de agosto de 2000, modificada por la Ley No. 424-06 de Implementación del DR-CAFTA
  74. ↑ Art. 80, Ley No. 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)
  75. ↑ Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
  76. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ a b c *Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
  81. ↑ Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December 2004; see also [1] Template:Webarchive
  82. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995
  85. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Judgement No. 280 of 27 February 2007 Court of Cassation – First Civil Chamber 04-12138 Template:Webarchive
  88. ↑ a b c d e Copyright Act 1956 (p)
  89. ↑ Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999
  90. ↑ § 64 Urheberrechtsgesetz [2] Template:Webarchive, as amended by the Law of 17 December 2008
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005
  95. ↑ a b c Law 2121/1993
  96. ↑ Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989
  97. ↑ a b c Decreto No. 33-98, as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000
  98. ↑ Copyright Act 1956
  99. ↑ Decree of 9 January 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works
  100. ↑ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights Template:Webarchive
  101. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ a b c d e f g Art. 31, "Act No. LXXVI of 1999 on Copyright (consolidated text as of January 1, 2007)" Template:Webarchive, wipo.int (access-date: 18 January 2016)
  105. ↑ Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996
  106. ↑ See also Copyright in India Template:Webarchive.
  107. ↑ a b c Copyright Act, 1957
  108. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Reformation of article 12 (22 August 2010) Copyright Law of 12 January 1970 Template:Webarchive
  110. ↑ Art. 16, Copyright Law of 12 January 1970 Template:Webarchive
  111. ↑ s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83 Template:Webarchive
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 Template:Webarchive
  114. ↑ a b c Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Template:Webarchive Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924 Template:Webarchive
  115. ↑ a b c Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941, as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ a b c d e f The Copyright Act Template:Webarchive, as amended by The Copyright (Amendment) Act 2015 Template:Webarchive
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ a b c d Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970 Template:Webarchive, as amended in 2010
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992, as amended
  123. ↑ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996
  124. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ a b Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, discussed at: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997
  129. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993
  131. ↑ Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
  132. ↑ Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ s. 2.20, An Act Adopting a New Copyright Law of the Republic of Liberia Template:Webarchive
  135. ↑ Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999
    [Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928
  136. ↑ Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003)
    [Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994) Template:Webarchive
  137. ↑ Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001
    [Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972]
  138. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propriété littéraire et artistique
  140. ↑ s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM
  145. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ s. 12, Copyright Act 1997
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)
  152. ↑ Art. 9, Decreto que reforma, adiciona y deroga disposiciones de diversas leyes relacionadas con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte Template:Webarchive, and the fourth transitional provision of the same, making the change from 50 pma to 75 pma non-retroactive.
  153. ↑ § 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35 Template:Webarchive
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993
  157. ↑ a b Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
  158. ↑ Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d'auteur et droits voisins
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001
  161. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Auteurswet (Dutch) Template:Webarchive; Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, Copyright Act of 1912 (Act of September 23, 1912, Containing New Regulations on Copyright, amended up to 1 September 2017), Netherlands (Kingdom of the) Template:Cbignore
  165. ↑ Auteurswet (Dutch) Template:Webarchive; Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  166. ↑ Copyright Act, 1912, article 45o, part 2
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)
  171. ↑ Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
  172. ↑ a b c Schedule I, Copyright Act (Chapter C.28), 2004 Template:Webarchive
  173. ↑ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 as amended Template:Webarchive
  174. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ a b s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961. Relating to copyright in literary, scientific and artistic works, etc., with subsequent amendments, latest of 16 April 1999 Template:Webarchive
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ a b s. 18, Copyright Ordinance 1962, as amended to year 2000 Template:Webarchive
  180. ↑ s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003
  181. ↑ Art. 59, Ley No 64 del 10 de octubre de 2012
  182. ↑ s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000
  183. ↑ Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
  184. ↑ Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996
  185. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Art. 36, "Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights", as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  187. ↑ Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights Template:Webarchive, (approved by Decree-Law No. 63/85 of March 14, 1985, and amended up to Decree-Law No. 9/2021 of January 29, 2021), Portugal
  188. ↑ s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Civil Code of the RSFSR, Articles 484–487
  195. ↑ s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995
  196. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Art. 36, Legge n. 8 del 25 gennaio 1991 Template:Webarchive
  199. ↑ Art. 31 Código del Derecho de Autor e Dos Direitos Conexos (aprobado por el Decreto-Lei n.º 02/2017) Template:Webarchive
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore factsheet. Template:Webarchive
  206. ↑ Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
  207. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003 Template:Webarchive
  209. ↑ Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995
  210. ↑ s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138) Template:Webarchive
  211. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ SASUR -Wet auteursrecht art. 38 Template:Webarchive|date=January
  216. ↑ a b Art. 43, Act 1960:729 Template:Webarchive, as modified by Act 1995:1273
  217. ↑ Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz Template:Webarchive/ Loi sur le droit d'auteur Template:Webarchive par. 2
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999
  223. ↑ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
  224. ↑ Art. 119, Law No. 14/2022
  225. ↑ Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins
  226. ↑ s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)
  227. ↑ Copyright Act (Act No. 8 of 1997, as amended by Act No. 18 of 2000), Trinidad and Tobago.
  228. ↑ Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951
  231. ↑ Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan
  232. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ a b c Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004 Template:Webarchive
  234. ↑ s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002 Template:Webarchive
  235. ↑ a b c d Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Template:Webarchive, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995 Template:Webarchive
  236. ↑ Copyright term for sound recordings increases from 50 to 70 years today Template:Webarchive. MusicWeek, 1 November 2013.
  237. ↑ Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States Template:Webarchive by Peter B. Hirtle.
  238. ↑ Template:UnitedStatesCode(a)
  239. ↑ Template:UnitedStatesCode(c)
  240. ↑ Template:UnitedStatesCodeTemplate:UnitedStatesCode
  241. ↑ Template:UnitedStatesCode
  242. ↑ a b Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
  243. ↑ Article IV 3, Universal Copyright Convention
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996 Template:Webarchive (amended Template:Webarchive as of 2021)
  247. ↑ a b c d e Art. 19, Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 Template:Webarchive
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994
  253. ↑ Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
  254. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

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