List of baryons
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Baryons are composite particles made of three quarks, as opposed to mesons, which are composite particles made of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks. Baryons and mesons are both hadrons, which are particles composed solely of quarks or both quarks and antiquarks. The term baryon is derived from the Greek "βαρύς" (barys), meaning "heavy", because, at the time of their naming, it was believed that baryons were characterized by having greater masses than other particles that were classed as matter.
Pentaquarks are exotic baryons composed of four quarks and one antiquark. In 2015, the LHCb collaboration at CERN definitively reported the observation of pentaquark states in the decay of bottom lambda baryons (ΛScript error: No such module "Su".).[1] Since then, additional pentaquark states have been discovered, including new observations in 2019 and 2022. While primarily created in laboratory conditions, pentaquarks might also form naturally during neutron star formation.[2][3][4]
Since baryons are composed of quarks, they participate in the strong interaction. Leptons, on the other hand, are not composed of quarks and as such do not participate in the strong interaction. The best known baryons are protons and neutrons, which make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universe, whereas electrons, the other major component of atoms, are leptons. Each baryon has a corresponding antiparticle, known as an antibaryon, in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks. For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark, while its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark.
Baryon properties
These lists detail all known and predicted baryons in total angular momentum J = Template:Sfrac and J = Template:Sfrac configurations with positive parity.[5]
- Baryons composed of one type of quark (uuu, ddd, ...) can exist in J = Template:Sfrac configuration, but J = Template:Sfrac is forbidden by the Pauli exclusion principle.
- Baryons composed of two types of quarks (uud, uus, ...) can exist in both J = Template:Sfrac and J = Template:Sfrac configurations.
- Baryons composed of three types of quarks (uds, udc, ...) can exist in both J = Template:Sfrac and J = Template:Sfrac configurations. Two J = Template:Sfrac configurations are possible for these baryons.
The symbols encountered in these lists are: I (isospin), J (total angular momentum), P (parity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), Q (charge), B (baryon number), S (strangeness), C (charm), Template:Prime (bottomness), as well as a wide array of subatomic particles (hover for name). (See Baryon for a detailed explanation of these symbols.)
Antibaryons are not listed in the tables; however, they simply would have all quarks changed to antiquarks, and Q, B, S, C, Template:Prime, would be of opposite signs. Particles with † next to their names have been predicted by the Standard Model but not yet observed. Values in parentheses have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the quark model and are consistent with the measurements.[6][7]
JP = Template:Sfrac+ baryons
| Particle name | Symbol | Quark content | Rest mass (MeV/c2) | I | JP | Q (e) | S | C | B′ | Mean lifetime (s) | Commonly decays to |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proton[8] | Script error: No such module "particles"., Script error: No such module "particles"., Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "sort".[a] | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[b] | unobserved |
| neutron[9] | Script error: No such module "particles"., Script error: No such module "particles"., Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "sort".[a] | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[c] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| lambda[10] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed lambda[11] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| bottom lambda[12] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| sigma[13] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| sigma[14] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| sigma[15] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed sigma[16] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2455) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[d] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed sigma[16] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2455) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[d] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed sigma[16] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2455) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[d] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| bottom sigma[17] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (1) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".[d] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| bottom sigma† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (1) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| bottom sigma[17] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (1) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".[d] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| xi[18] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".(+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| xi[19] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".(+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed xi[20] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| charmed xi[21] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| charmed xi prime[22] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed xi prime[23] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| double charmed xi[24] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| double charmed xi[e] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | unknown |
| bottom xi[25] or cascade B |
Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| bottom xi[25] or cascade B |
Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| bottom xi prime† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| bottom xi prime† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom xi prime† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom xi prime† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed omega[26] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | see Script error: No such module "particles". decay modes |
| bottom omega[27] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| double charmed omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom omega prime† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double charmed bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed double bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
†<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ Particle has not yet been observed.
[a] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ The masses of the proton and neutron are known with much better precision in daltons (Da) than in MeV/c2. In atomic mass units, the mass of the proton is Template:Physconst whereas that of the neutron is Template:Physconst
[b] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ At least 1035 years. See proton decay.
[c] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ For free neutrons; in most common nuclei, neutrons are stable.
[d] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ PDG reports the resonance width (Γ). Here the conversion τ = Template:Sfrac is given instead.
[e] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ There is a controversial discovery claim, disfavored by other experimental data.[28]
JP = Template:Sfrac+ baryons
| Particle name | Symbol | Quark content |
Rest mass (MeV/c2) | I | JP | Q (e) | S | C | B′ | Mean lifetime (s) | Commonly decays to |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| delta[29] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1232) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| delta[29] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1232) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| delta[29] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1232) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| delta[29] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1232) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| sigma[30] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1385) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| sigma[30] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1385) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| sigma[30] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1385) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed sigma[31] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2520) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed sigma[31] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2520) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed sigma[31] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2520) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 1 | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| bottom sigma[32] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (1) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| bottom sigma[e] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (1) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| bottom sigma[32] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (1) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| xi[33] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1530) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| xi[33] | Script error: No such module "particles".(1530) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed xi[34] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2645) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed xi[34] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2645) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| double charmed xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | unknown |
| double charmed xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | unknown |
| bottom xi[35] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| bottom xi[36] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". ± 0.05 | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| double bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom xi† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (Script error: No such module "sort".) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| omega[37] | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".+ | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort".[h] | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| charmed omega[38] | Script error: No such module "particles".(2770) | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "val". | 0 | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | Script error: No such module "particles". |
| bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double charmed omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | unknown |
| charmed bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| double bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| triple charmed omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | unknown | unknown |
| double charmed bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| charmed double bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
| triple bottom omega† | Script error: No such module "particles". | Script error: No such module "particles". | unknown | (0) | (Script error: No such module "sort".+) | Script error: No such module "sort". | 0 | 0 | Script error: No such module "sort". | unknown | unknown |
†<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ Particle has not yet been observed.
[h] <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ PDG reports the resonance width (Γ). Here the conversion τ = Template:Sfrac is given instead.
Baryon resonance particles
This table gives the name, quantum numbers (where known), and experimental status of baryon resonances confirmed by the PDG.[39] Baryon resonance particles (including all not the above two tables) are excited baryon states with short half lives and higher masses. Despite significant research, the fundamental degrees of freedom behind baryon excitation spectra are still poorly understood.[40] The spin-parity JP (when known) is given with each particle. For the strongly decaying particles, the JP values are considered to be part of the names, as is the mass for all resonances.
| Nucleons | Δ particles | Λ particles | Σ particles | Ξ and Ω particles | Charmed particles | Bottom particles | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Δ(1232) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Λ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Σ+ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Ξ0 | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | ΛScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | ΛScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** |
| n | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Δ(1600) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Λ(1405) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | **** | Σ0 | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Ξ− | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Λc(2595)+ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | *** | Λb(5912)0 | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | *** |
| N(1440) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Δ(1620) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | **** | Λ(1520) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | **** | Σ− | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Ξ(1530) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Λc(2625)+ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Λb(5920)0 | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** |
| N(1520) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | **** | Δ(1700) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | **** | Λ(1600) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | Σ(1385) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Ξ(1620) | * | Λc(2765)+ | * | Σb | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | ||
| N(1535) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | **** | Δ(1750) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | * | Λ(1670) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | **** | Σ(1480) | * | Ξ(1690) | *** | Λc(2860)+ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | ΣScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | ||
| N(1650) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | **** | Δ(1900) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | *** | Λ(1690) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | **** | Σ(1560) | ** | Ξ(1820) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Λc(2880)+ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | *** | ΞScript error: No such module "Su"., ΞScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | |
| N(1675) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | **** | Δ(1905) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | **** | Λ(1710) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | * | Σ(1580) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | * | Ξ(1950) | *** | Λc(2940)+ | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Ξ'b(5935)− | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | |
| N(1680) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | **** | Δ(1910) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Λ(1800) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | *** | Σ(1620) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | * | Ξ(2030) | ≥ Template:Sfrac? | *** | Σc(2455) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Ξb(5945)0 | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** |
| N(1700) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Δ(1920) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | Λ(1810) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | Σ(1660) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | Ξ(2120) | * | Σc(2520) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | Ξb(5955)− | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | |
| N(1710) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | **** | Δ(1930) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | *** | Λ(1820) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | **** | Σ(1670) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | **** | Ξ(2250) | ** | Σc(2800) | *** | ΩScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | ||
| N(1720) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Δ(1940) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | ** | Λ(1830) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | **** | Σ(1690) | ** | Ξ(2370) | ** | Pc(4380)+ | * | ||||||
| N(1860) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | ** | Δ(1950) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2+ | **** | Λ(1890) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Σ(1730) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | * | Ξ(2500) | * | ΞScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | Pc(4450)+ | * | ||
| N(1875) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Δ(2000) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | ** | Λ(2000) | * | Σ(1750) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | *** | ΞScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | |||||||
| N(1880) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | Δ(2150) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | * | Λ(2020) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2+ | * | Σ(1770) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | * | Ω− | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | ΞTemplate:PrimeScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | |||
| N(1895) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | **** | Δ(2200) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2− | *** | Λ(2050) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | * | Σ(1775) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | **** | Ω(2250)− | *** | ΞTemplate:PrimeScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | ||||
| N(1900) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | **** | Δ(2300) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />9⁄2+ | ** | Λ(2100) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2− | **** | Σ(1840) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | * | Ω(2380)− | ** | Ξc(2645) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | ||||
| N(1990) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2+ | ** | Δ(2350) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | * | Λ(2110) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | *** | Σ(1880) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | ** | Ω(2470)− | ** | Ξc(2790) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | *** | ||||
| N(2000) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | ** | Δ(2390) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2+ | * | Λ(2325) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | * | Σ(1900) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | * | Ξc(2815) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | ||||||
| N(2040) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | * | Δ(2400) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />9⁄2− | ** | Λ(2350) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />9⁄2+ | *** | Σ(1915) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | **** | Ξc(2930) | * | |||||||
| N(2060) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | *** | Δ(2420) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />11⁄2+ | **** | Λ(2585) | ** | Σ(1940) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | * | Ξc(2980) | *** | ||||||||
| N(2100) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | Δ(2750) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />13⁄2− | ** | Σ(1940) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Ξc(3055) | *** | ||||||||||
| N(2120) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2− | *** | Δ(2950) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />15⁄2+ | ** | Σ(2000) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2− | * | Ξc(3080) | *** | ||||||||||
| N(2190) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2− | **** | Σ(2030) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2+ | **** | Ξc(3123) | * | |||||||||||||
| N(2220) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />9⁄2+ | **** | Σ(2070) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2+ | * | |||||||||||||||
| N(2250) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />9⁄2− | **** | Σ(2080) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | ** | ΩScript error: No such module "Su". | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | *** | ||||||||||||
| N(2300) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2+ | ** | Σ(2100) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />7⁄2− | * | Ωc(2770)0 | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />3⁄2+ | *** | ||||||||||||
| N(2570) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />5⁄2− | ** | Σ(2250) | *** | Ωc(3000)0 | *** | ||||||||||||||
| N(2600) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />11⁄2− | *** | Σ(2455) | ** | Ωc(3050)0 | *** | ||||||||||||||
| N(2700) | <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />13⁄2+ | ** | Σ(2620) | ** | Ωc(3065)0 | *** | ||||||||||||||
| Σ(3000) | * | Ωc(3090)0 | *** | |||||||||||||||||
| Ωc(3120)0 | *** | |||||||||||||||||||
| ΞScript error: No such module "Su". | * | |||||||||||||||||||
| ΞScript error: No such module "Su". | *** | |||||||||||||||||||
| **** | Existence is certain, and properties are at least fairly well explored. |
| *** | Existence ranges from fairly certain to certain, but further confirmation is desirable, and/or quantum numbers, branching fractions, etc. are not well determined. |
| ** | Evidence of existence is only fair. |
| * | Evidence of existence is poor. |
See also
- Baryons
- Eightfold way (physics)
- List of mesons
- List of particles
- Resonance (particle physics)
- Roper resonance
- Timeline of particle discoveries
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ R. Aaij et al. (2015)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ P.A Zyla et al. (2020): Particle summary tables – Baryons
- ↑ J.G. Körner et al. (1994)
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ a b c P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(2455)
- ↑ a b P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ a b P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ J. Beringer et al. (2012): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ a b c d P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(1232)
- ↑ a b c P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(1385)
- ↑ a b c P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(2520)
- ↑ a b P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ a b P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(1530)
- ↑ a b P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(2645)
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(5945)
- ↑ P.A. Zyla et al. (2020): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(5955)
- ↑ J. Beringer et al. (2012): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".
- ↑ J. Beringer et al. (2012): Particle listings – Script error: No such module "particles".(2770)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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Bibliography
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Further reading
<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
External links
- Particle Data Group: The Review of Particle Physics; – Baryon Summary Table
- Georgia State University – HyperPhysics
- Baryons made thinkable, an interactive visualisation allowing physical properties to be compared
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