List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America
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There are 12 sovereign states and 3 non-sovereign dependent territories in South America. The continent is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean. North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. South America has an area of approximately 17,840,000 square kilometres (6,890,000 sq mi), or almost 3.5% of Earth's surface. As of 2018, its population is more than 430 million, according to estimates of population in The World Factbook. South America ranks fourth among all continents in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).[1]
The border between North and South America is at some point in the Isthmus of Panama. The most common demarcation in atlases and other sources follows the Darién Mountains watershed that divides along the Colombia–Panama border where the isthmus meets the South American continent (see Darién Gap). Virtually all atlases list Panama as a state falling entirely within North America and/or Central America.[2]
Sovereign states
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A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest.[3] According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.[4] The following states are all members of the United Nations[5] and current or former members of the Union of South American Nations.[6]
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Non-sovereign territories
External territories
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| Flag | Map | English name[7][9] | Legal status | Domestic name | Capital[11] | Population[14] | Area[13] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Falkland Islands FLK |
British overseas territory | Template:Langx Template:Langx |
Stanley Template:Langx |
3,398[15] | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands [n 5] SGS |
British overseas territory | Template:Langx | King Edward Point Template:Langx |
No permanent population[n 6] | Script error: No such module "sort". |
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Internal territory
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| Flag | Map | English name and ISO code[7][9] | Legal status | Domestic name | Capital[11] | Population[14] | Area[13] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| French Guiana GUF |
Overseas department, region and single territorial collectivity of France and outermost region of the European Union[n 7] | Template:Langx | Cayenne Template:Langx |
Template:Nts[16] | Script error: No such module "sort". |
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Economic statistics
| Country/Territory | Currency | GDP (PPP) per capita[n 8] (2008 est. in U.S. dollars) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Argentine peso | Template:Nts | [17] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Boliviano | Template:Nts | [18] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Brazilian real | Template:Nts | [19] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Chilean peso | Template:Nts | [20] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Colombian peso | Template:Nts | [21] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | United States dollar | Template:Nts | [22] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". (United Kingdom) | Falkland Islands pound | Template:Nts (2002 est.) | [23] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". (France) | Euro | Template:Nts (2001 est.) | [24][25] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Guyanese dollar | Template:Nts | [26] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Paraguayan guaraní | Template:Nts | [27] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Peruvian sol | Template:Nts | [28] |
| Script error: No such module "sort".† (United Kingdom) | Falkland Islands Pound | 0 | |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Surinamese dollar | Template:Nts | [29] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Uruguayan peso | Template:Nts | [30] |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | Venezuelan bolívar | Template:Nts | [31] |
† Geographically associated with Antarctica, but due to geopolitical reasons, the United Nations geoscheme has included South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in South America instead.
See also
- List of South American countries by population
- List of South American countries by population density
- List of South American countries by GDP per capita
- List of South American countries by GDP (PPP)
- List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Notes
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- ↑ While Sucre is the constitutional capital, La Paz is the seat of the government.
- ↑ Includes Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, a Chilean territory frequently reckoned in Oceania.
- ↑ While Santiago is the constitutional capital of Chile, Valparaíso is the site of legislative meetings.
- ↑ Also translated as "Oriental Republic of Uruguay".
- ↑ Sometimes grouped with Antarctica rather than South America.
- ↑ Present inhabitants are the British Government officer, deputy postmaster, scientists, and support staff from the British Antarctic Survey who maintain scientific bases on Bird Island and in the capital, King Edward Point, as well as museum staff at Grytviken.
- ↑ The territory has been fully integrated into the French central state.
- ↑ The CIA's estimate for GDP per capita (PPP) is used in the article. For the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's estimates, see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.
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References
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"Americas" Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49), United Nations Statistics Division
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