List of Puerto Rican boxing world champions

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File:Escobar Statue.jpg
A statue of Sixto Escobar, found in the Estadio Sixto Escobar venue

In Puerto Rico, boxing is considered a major sport, having produced more amateur and professional world champions than any other sport in its history.[1] Puerto Rico ranks 5th worldwide between countries with most boxing world champions in history (only behind USA, Mexico, UK and Japan).[2] Also, in year 2004, became the first country to have had, at least, one world champion in every single one of the 17 current boxing weight divisions throughout the history (Provided that John Ruiz is considered as Puerto Rican and not counting Bridgerweight division).[3][4] Puerto Rico ranks first in champions per capita with an astonishing 16 in every one million people.[3] February 9, 2008 was the first time that boxers from Puerto Rico had held three of the four major welterweights titles (World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and World Boxing Organization) when Carlos Quintana defeated Paul Williams to join Miguel Cotto, and Kermit Cintron as champions in the division.[5]

Individually, Puerto Rican world champions have earned numerous achievements. These include, Wilfredo Gómez's record for most defenses in the super bantamweight division (all 17 by KO) and for most knockouts in championship fights for the same organization title with 18. On March 6, 1976, at age 17, Wilfred Benítez became the youngest world champion in the history of the sport. On September 3, 1994, Daniel Jiménez established a world record for the quickest knockout in a championship fight, defeating Harald Geier in 17 seconds (currently the second fastest).[6] Juan Manuel López is sixth in this category, having defeated César Figueroa in 47 seconds during his first defense.[6] Ossie Ocasio was the first World Boxing Association (WBA) cruiserweight champion, winning it on February 13, 1982. This accomplishment was mimicked in other organizations: José de Jesús, José Ruíz Matos, John John Molina and Héctor Camacho did it in their respective divisions in the World Boxing Organization (WBO). On June 7, 2014, Miguel Cotto made history by becoming Puerto Rico's first four-division world champion.[7] In women's boxing, Amanda Serrano was the first IBF super featherweight champion and the first Puerto Rican boxer (male or female) to win major world titles in seven different weight classes (Camacho made it first, but four of his titles were considered minor world titles). Also, in 2023, Serrano was the first Puerto Rican to be Undisputed world champion in a single division (featherweight), having won the four belts on each of the major boxing organizations (WBO,WBC,IBF and later WBA).[8]

Boxing in Puerto Rico

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Boxing was introduced and practiced in a clandestine manner in Puerto Rico while the archipelago was still a Spanish colony.[9] Fights were organized in haciendas among the workers of the sugar and coffee plantations, and the objective was to determine the best fighter among the employees. Following the culmination of the Puerto Rican Campaign and Spanish–American War, American soldiers who were stationed in the main island practiced the sport. During World War I, a championship known as Campeonato Las Casas was held as training for military personnel.[9] Nero Chen, the first Puerto Rican boxer to gain recognition, began his career in these tournaments. The Combat Maneuver Training Center followed this example and organized boxing activities, which they named Los Campeones del Campamento. These were received with enthusiasm by the young recruits. Most of these events were celebrated without restriction due to military jurisdictional limits, although prohibitions were put in place for the civilian population.[9] Illegal matches were organized on the rooftops of residences in Old San Juan, empty terrain's in El Condado and in hippodromes.[9]

Outside of the island, legendary opera tenor Antonio Paoli, fell on economic hardship due to the closing of European opera houses during the first world war. He decided to change careers and entered a period of training making his boxing debut in London in 1916. Paoli won his first 5 fights but injured his wrist in his 6th bout, deciding to retire. The fact that a celebrity of his stature, who had been bestowed honors for his musical prowess by the pope, the Spanish monarchs and the Russian czar, would so quickly choose boxing as an alternate career shows how popular and deeply embedded in the culture of the island boxing was, even during its clandestine era.

By 1924, several young men were being taught to box by Gregario Rosa, a boxer who had won the featherweight championship of the Atlantic Fleet while serving in the Navy.[9] Rosa established "Jack Dempsey Physical Culture and Boxing Club", a gym where he continued instructing more pugilists; however, the local police department would go in and arrest any boxer that participated in a card (organized boxing match). At times they were surprised to discover that several members of the law enforcement agencies and government were involved. In one case they discovered a group of police officers, including a colonel, two members of the governor's cabinet, numerous legislators and a judge at an event.[9] The charges were archived; the decision was justified with a statement that said: "How will we have a boxing world champion if we don't let the boys learn how to box?"[9]

File:Carlos Ortíz 1966.jpg
Carlos Ortíz is considered among the best Puerto Rican boxers of all time

In 1926, a boxing venue was opened in a military facility known as Cuartel de Ballajá; a fight card was organized weekly. Legislator Lorenzo Coballes Gandía redacted a proposal to legalize boxing, which was signed by governor Horace Mann Towner in May 1927.[10] Consequently, the Primera Comisión Atlética de Boxeo (The First Athletic Boxing Commission) was created; this became the first organization dedicated to sanctioned boxing in Puerto Rico.[10] Estadio Universal (Universal Stadium) became the first venue to organize legal boxing cards. The first event featured a fight between Enrique Chaffardet and Al Clemens as the main event, which was declared a draw by the judges.[10] New stadiums were built in Bayamón, Caguas, Mayagüez, Ponce, Aguadilla and San Juan.[10] The first Puerto Rican to win a world championship was Sixto Escobar, who won it on June 26, 1934. During the 1960s and 1970s, there was an increase in the number of pugilists who achieved this recognition.[11] Including Wilfred Benítez who on March 6, 1976, became the youngest world champion in history at 17 years old. This tendency continued during the following two decades, reaching its peak between the 1980s and 1990s. There was a slight decline in the 1990s. Félix Trinidad was Puerto Rico's most notable champion during this period.[12] The 2000s brought another increase, as over a dozen boxers won world championships.

Héctor García, Dommys Delgado Berty, Francisco Varcárcel and José Peñagaricano have served as presidents of the Puerto Rico Boxing Commission. This organization gained more prominence in 1985 when it received full control as the sanctioning body in any professional fight organized in Puerto Rico.[13] In 2000, the commission's regulation was revised to exclude professional wrestling, which up to that point had been under its scope. This was Peñagaricano's first proposal on taking office, since he considered professional wrestling "a spectacle instead of a sport like boxing".[13] During the following decades, the Puerto Rico Boxing Commission became the first governing body to have a female president when Delgado Berty served from 1986 to 1988.[14] It became the first commission to require pre-fight weigh-ins, a measure that was at first criticized, but was later adopted by other boxing organizations.[15] In 2007, David Bernier, then Secretary of Recreation and Sports, approved a new rule in the boxing organization's regulation that prohibited the signing of any pugilist younger than 18 years old as a professional.[16] In 2011, women's boxing saw an increase in popularity, gaining mainstream attention. This was fueled by the championships won by Ada Veléz and Amanda Serrano, as well as Kiria Tapia becoming the first Pan American champion in her division.

List of male world champions

  • <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> M  Major Sanctioning Body
  • <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> U  Undisputed World Championship
  • <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> L  Lineal World Championship

Note: Interim World champions are included with an asterisk mark (*), waiting for Commission's and media recognition. Minor titles are excluded.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Flatlist

Number Name Date of first title win Divisions Successful defenses References
1 Sixto Escobar June 6, 1934 Bantamweight (U & L 2) 5 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[I] [17]
2 Carlos Ortiz June 12, 1959 Light welterweight (U & L 2) and Lightweight (U & L 2) 2 and 9 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[II] [18]
3 José Torres March 30, 1965 Light heavyweight (U, M, M & L) 3 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[III] [19]
4 Ángel Espada June 28, 1975 Welterweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[IV] [20]
5 Alfredo Escalera July 5, 1975 Super featherweight (M) 10 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[V] [21]
6 Wilfred Benítez March 6, 1976 Light welterweight (M & L), welterweight (M & L) and light middleweight (M) 2, 1 and 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[VI] [22]
7 Esteban De Jesús May 8, 1976 Lightweight (M) 3 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[VII] [23]
8 Samuel Serrano October 16, 1976 Super featherweight (M 2 & L 2) 14 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[VIII] [24]
9 Wilfredo Gómez May 21, 1977 Super bantamweight (M & L), featherweight (M) and super featherweight (M) 17, 0 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[IX] [25]
10 Julian Solís August 29, 1980 Bantamweight (M & L) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[X] [26]
11 Carlos De León November 25, 1980 Cruiserweight (M 4 & L 2) 8 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XI] [27]
12 Ossie Ocasio February 13, 1982 Cruiserweight (M) 3 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XII] [28]
13 Juan Laporte September 15, 1982 Featherweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XIII] [29]
14 Edwin Rosario May 1, 1983 Lightweight (M & M 2) and light welterweight (M) 3 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XIV] [30]
15 Héctor Camacho August 7, 1983 Super featherweight (M), lightweight (M), light welterweight (M2) 1, 2 and 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XV] [31]
16 Mark Medal March 11, 1984 Light middleweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XVI] [32]
17 Harry Arroyo April 15, 1984 Lightweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XVII] [33]
18 Victor Callejas May 26, 1984 Super bantamweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XVIII] [34]
19 Carlos Santos November 2, 1984 Light middleweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XIX] [35]
20 Antonio Rivera August 30, 1986 Featherweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XX] [36]
21 Wilfredo Vázquez October 4, 1987 Bantamweight (M), super bantamweight (M) and featherweight (M) 1, 9 and 4 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXI] [37]
22 José Ruíz Matos April 29, 1989 Super flyweight (M) 4 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXII] [38]
23 John John Molina April 29, 1989 Super featherweight (M & M 2) 7 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXIII] [39]
24 José de Jesús May 19, 1989 Light flyweight (M) 3 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXIV] [40]
25 Juan Nazario April 4, 1990 Lightweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXV] [41]
26 Orlando Fernandez May 12, 1990 Super bantamweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXVI] [41]
27 Rafael del Valle May 13, 1992 Bantamweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXVII] [41]
28 Josué Camacho July 31, 1992 Light flyweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXVIII] [41]
29 Daniel Jiménez June 9, 1993 Bantamweight (M) and super bantamweight (M) 4 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXIX] [41]
30 Félix Trinidad June 19, 1993 Welterweight (M, M) and (L) light middleweight (M & M) and middleweight (M) 17, 2 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXX] [42]
31 Kevin Kelley December 4, 1993 Featherweight (M) 7 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXI] [43]
32 Alex Sánchez December 22, 1993 Minimumweight (M) 6 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXII] [41]
33 Jake Rodríguez February 13, 1994 Light welterweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXIII] [41]
34 Sammy Fuentes June 10, 1995 Light welterweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXIV] [41]
35 Lou Del Valle September 20, 1997 Light heavyweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXV] [41]
36 Daniel Santos May 6, 2000 Welterweight (M), light middleweight (M & M) 2 and 4 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXVI] [41]
37 Nelson Dieppa July 22, 2000 Light flyweight (M) 5 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXVII] [44]
38 Eric Morel August 5, 2000 Flyweight (M) 5 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXVIII] [41]
39 John Ruiz March 3, 2001 Heavyweight (M 2) 4 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XXXIX] [41]
40 Frank Toledo April 6, 2001 Featherweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XL] [41]
41 Iván Calderón May 3, 2003 Mini flyweight (M) and light flyweight (M & L) 12 and 6 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLI] [45][46]
42 José Antonio Rivera September 13, 2003 Welterweight M) and light middleweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLII] [41]
43 Manny Siaca May 5, 2004 Super middleweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLIII] [47]
44 Miguel Cotto September 11, 2004 Light welterweight (M), welterweight (M & M) light middleweight (M, M & M) & Middleweight (M & L) 5, 5, 2 and 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLIV] [48][49]
45 Luis Collazo April 2, 2005 Welterweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLV] [50]
46 Kermit Cintrón October 28, 2006 Welterweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLVI] [51]
47 Carlos Quintana February 9, 2008 Welterweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLVII] [52]
48 Juan Manuel López June 7, 2008 Super bantamweight (M) and featherweight (M) 5 and 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLVIII] [53]
49 Román Martínez March 14, 2009 Super featherweight (M 3) 5 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[XLIX] [54]
50 José López March 28, 2009 Super flyweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[L] [55]
51 Wilfredo Vázquez, Jr. February 27, 2010 Super bantamweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LI] [56]
52 Danny García July 30, 2010 Light welterweight (M, M & L) and welterweight (M) 5 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LII] [57]
53 Rico Ramos July 9, 2011 Super bantamweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LIII] [58][59]
54 José Pedraza March 22, 2014 Super featherweight (M) and lightweight (M) 2 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LIV] [60]
55 McJoe Arroyo July 18, 2015 Super flyweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LV] [61]
56 Jason Sosa June 24, 2016 Super featherweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LVI] [62]
57 Jesús Rojas September 15, 2017 Featherweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LVII]
58 Alberto Machado October 21, 2017 Super featherweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LVIII] [63]
59 Ángel Acosta December 2, 2017 Light flyweight (M) 3 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LIX] [64]
60 Emmanuel Rodríguez May 5, 2018 Bantamweight (M2) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LX]
61 Wilfredo Méndez August 24, 2019 Mini flyweight (M) 2 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXI]
(*) McWilliams Arroyo February 27, 2021 Flyweight (IM) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXIII]
62 Jonathan Gonzalez October 16, 2021 Light flyweight (M) 3 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXIV]
63 Subriel Matías February 25, 2023 Junior welterweight (M) 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXV]
64 Oscar Collazo May 27, 2023 Mini flyweight (M) 5 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXVI]
65 René Santiago March 13, 2025 Light flyweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXVII]
66 Antonio Vargas December 13, 2024 Bantamweight (M) 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[LXVIII]

List of female world champions

Number Name Date of first title win Divisions Successful defenses References
1 Melissa Del Valle September 12, 1998 Super featherweight (M) and super bantamweight (M) 3, 0 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[A] [65]
2 Ada Vélez January 19, 2001 Bantamweight (M 2) and super bantamweight (M 2 & M) 1 and 1 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[B] [66]
3 Melissa Hernández November 4, 2006 Super bantamweight (M) & M), super featherweight (M) and featherweight (M) 0, 0, 0 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[C] [67]
4 Amanda Serrano September 10, 2011 Super featherweight (M), lightweight (M), featherweight (M), junior featherweight (M), bantamweight (M), junior welterweight (M) and junior bantamweight (M) 0, 0, 7, 2, 0, 0 and 0 <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[D] [68]
5 Cindy Serrano December 10, 2016 Featherweight (M) 1

Current titleholders

World champions

Men

Name Organization Division Date won Record Defenses
Oscar Collazo WBO/WBA Super Mini flyweight May 27, 2023 12–0 (9 KO) 5
René Santiago WBO Light flyweight March 13, 2025 14–4 (9 KO) 0
Antonio Vargas WBA Bantamweight December 13, 2024 19–1 (11 KO) 0

Women

Name Organization Division Date won Record Defenses
Amanda Serrano WBO/WBA Featherweight September 13, 2019 47–3–1 (31 KO) 6

International Boxing Hall of Fame

Template:Puerto Ricans in the International Boxing Hall of Fame

See also

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Notes

Men's titlists

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II<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
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VIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
IX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
X<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XIV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XVI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XVII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XVIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XIX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXIV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXVI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXVII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXVIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXIX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXIV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXVI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXVII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXVIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XXXIX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XL<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLIV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLVI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLVII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLVIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
XLIX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
L<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LIV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LVI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LVII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LVIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LIX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LX<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LXI<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LXII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LXIII<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
LXIV<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec

Women's titlists

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A<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
B<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
C<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec
D<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ :Template:Boxrec

References

Citations

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  10. a b c d Fonseca et al., p.315
  11. Fonseca et al., pp.14–16
  12. Fonseca et al., p.17
  13. a b Fonseca et al., p.317
  14. Fonseca et al., p.320
  15. Fonseca et al., p.326
  16. Fonseca et al., p.328
  17. Fonseca et al., p.20
  18. Fonseca et al., p.31
  19. Fonseca et al., p.39
  20. Fonseca et al., p.50
  21. Fonseca et al., p.59
  22. Fonseca et al., p.70
  23. Fonseca et al., p.86
  24. Fonseca et al., p.95
  25. Fonseca et al., p.104
  26. Fonseca et al., p.122
  27. Fonseca et al., p.134
  28. Fonseca et al., p.151
  29. Fonseca et al., p.164
  30. Fonseca et al., p.180
  31. Fonseca et al., p.198
  32. Fonseca et al., p.210
  33. Fonseca et al., p.220
  34. Fonseca et al., p.224
  35. Fonseca et al., p.240
  36. Fonseca et al., p.252
  37. Fonseca et al., p.263
  38. Fonseca et al., p.275
  39. Fonseca et al., p.293
  40. Fonseca et al., p.282
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  61. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Category handler".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".