List of Canadian conservative leaders
Template:Short description This is a list of federal leaders after Confederation who were members of federal conservative parties. Template:TOClimit
Tory leaders since Confederation
This is a list of leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada (historical) (1867–1942), Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942–2003), and Conservative Party of Canada (2003–present) ("the Tory parties"), and of prime ministers of Canada after Confederation who were members of those parties.
Conservative (1867–1942)
| Name | From | To | Riding as leader | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:JaMAC.jpg | Sir John A. Macdonald | July 1, 1867 | June 6, 1891 | Kingston, ON (1867–18, 1887–91); Victoria, BC (1878–82); Carleton, ON (1882–88) |
1st Prime Minister |
| File:SirJohnAbbott1.jpg | Sir John Abbott | June 16, 1891 | November 24, 1892 | Senator for Inkerman, QC | 3rd Prime Minister |
| File:Sir John SD Thompson.jpg | Sir John Sparrow David Thompson | December 5, 1892 | December 12, 1894 | Antigonish, NS | 4th Prime Minister |
| File:SirMackenzieBowell.jpg | Sir Mackenzie Bowell | December 21, 1894 | April 27, 1896 | Senator for Hastings, ON | 5th Prime Minister |
| File:Chas Tupper - GG Bain.jpg | Sir Charles Tupper | May 1, 1896 | February 6, 1901 | Cape Breton, NS | 6th Prime Minister |
| File:RobertLairdBorden.jpg | Sir Robert Laird Borden | February 6, 1901 | July 10, 1920 | Halifax, NS (1900–04, 1908–17); Carleton, ON (1905–08); Kings, NS (1917–21) |
8th Prime Minister |
| File:Arthurmeighen.jpeg | Arthur Meighen | July 10, 1920 | September 24, 1926 | Portage la Prairie, MB (1908–21, 1925–26); Grenville, ON (1922–25) |
9th Prime Minister |
| File:Hugh Guthrie.png | Hugh Guthrie (interim leader) | October 11, 1926 | October 12, 1927 | Wellington South | |
| File:Richard Bedford Bennett.jpg | R. B. Bennett | October 12, 1927 | July 7, 1938 | Calgary West, AB | 11th Prime Minister |
| File:Robert Manion.jpg | Robert Manion | July 7, 1938 | May 14, 1940 | London, ON | Resigned after lost seat in 1940 election |
| File:Richard Hanson 1940.jpg | Richard Hanson (interim leader) | May 14, 1940 | November 12, 1941 | York—Sunbury, NB | |
| File:Arthurmeighen.jpeg | Arthur Meighen | November 12, 1941 | December 9, 1942 | Senator for St. Marys, Ontario | Resigned after defeat in attempt to enter House of Commons via York South by-election |
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942–2003)
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| Picture | Name | Term start | Term end | Riding as leader | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:John Bracken circa 1941.jpg | John Bracken | December 11, 1942 | July 20, 1948 | Neepawa | Former Premier of Manitoba |
| File:George Drew.jpg | George Drew | October 2, 1948 | November 29, 1956 | Carleton | Former Premier of Ontario |
| William Earl Rowe | November 29, 1956 (Interim) | December 14, 1956 | Dufferin—Simcoe | Interim leader until 1956 leadership convention | |
| File:John G. Diefenbaker (cropped).jpg | John Diefenbaker | December 14, 1956 | September 9, 1967 | Prince Albert | 13th Prime Minister of Canada |
| File:Robert Stanfield 1968 press photo.jpg | Robert Stanfield | September 9, 1967 | February 22, 1976 | Halifax | Former Premier of Nova Scotia |
| File:Joe Clark being interviewed 1979 crop.jpg | Joe Clark | February 22, 1976 | February 19, 1983 | Rocky Mountain, Yellowhead | 16th Prime Minister of Canada |
| Erik Nielsen | February 19, 1983 (Interim) | June 11, 1983 | Yukon | Interim leader until 1983 leadership convention | |
| File:Brian Mulroney (cropped).jpg | Brian Mulroney | June 11, 1983 | June 13, 1993 | Central Nova, Manicouagan, Charlevoix | 18th Prime Minister of Canada |
| File:Prime Minister Kim Campbell of Canada (42-WHPO-P05407-13-1) (cropped).jpg | Kim Campbell | June 13, 1993 | December 14, 1993 | Vancouver Centre | 19th Prime Minister of Canada |
| File:Jean Charest de face (Novembre 2010).png | Jean Charest | December 14, 1993 | April 2, 1998 | Sherbrooke | Former Premier of Quebec |
| File:Elsie Wayne cropped.jpg | Elsie Wayne | April 2, 1998 (Interim) | November 14, 1998 | Saint John | Interim until 1998 leadership election |
| File:RightHonourableJoeClark (cropped).jpg | Joe Clark | November 14, 1998 | May 31, 2003 | Kings—Hants, Calgary Centre | His second tenure as leader |
| File:Peter-MacKay.jpg | Peter MacKay | May 31, 2003 | December 7, 2003 | Central Nova | Final leader of the Progressive Conservative Party; merged the PC Party with Stephen Harper's Canadian Alliance in 2003, cofounding the new Conservative Party of Canada. |
Conservative Party of Canada (2003–present)
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| Leader | Term start | Term end | Constituency | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | John Lynch-Staunton | 7 December 2003 | 20 March 2004 | Senator for Grandville, Quebec | Interim leader, served concurrently as Senate Opposition Leader. | |
| 1st | File:Stephen Harper by Remy Steinegger Infobox.jpg | Stephen Harper | 20 March 2004 | 19 October 2015 Acting: 19 October 2015 – 4 November 2015 |
Calgary Southwest, Alberta | First official leader of the modern Conservative Party of Canada;
Served as Leader of the Official Opposition from 2004–2006, and Prime Minister from 2006–2015. |
| — | File:Rona Ambrose at the 67th World Health Assembly - 2014 (second crop).png | Rona Ambrose | 5 November 2015 | 27 May 2017 | Sturgeon River—Parkland, Alberta | Interim leader, served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition. |
| 2nd | File:Andrew Scheer 2019 (3x4 cropped).jpg | Andrew Scheer | 27 May 2017 | 24 August 2020 | Regina—Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | Served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition 2017–2020;
(resigned 12 December 2019, remained leader until his successor was chosen on 24 August 2020).[1] |
| 3rd | File:ErinO'Toole (cropped).jpg | Erin O'Toole | 24 August 2020 | 2 February 2022 | Durham, Ontario | Served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition 2020–2022;
(removed 2 February 2022 by the Conservative caucus). |
| — | File:Candice Bergen - 2017 (cropped2).jpg | Candice Bergen | 2 February 2022 | 10 September 2022 | Portage—Lisgar, Manitoba | Interim leader, served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition 2022. |
| 4th | File:Pierre Poilievre in 2023 (edited).jpg | Pierre Poilievre | 10 September 2022 | Incumbent | Carleton, Ontario (2015-2025)
None (2025 - present) |
Served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition until being unseated in the 2025 Canadian federal election. |
Conservative prime ministers of Canada
This is a list of prime ministers of Canada after Confederation who were members of the Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942), Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942–2003), and Conservative Party of Canada (2003–present).
Conservative (1867–1942)
- Sir John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891)
- Sir John Abbott (1891–1892)
- Sir John Sparrow David Thompson (1892–1894)
- Sir Mackenzie Bowell (1894–1896)
- Sir Charles Tupper (1896)
- Sir Robert Borden (1911–1920)
- Arthur Meighen (1920–1921, 1926)
- R. B. Bennett (1930–1935)[a]
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942–2003)
- John Diefenbaker (1957–1963)
- Joe Clark (1979–1980)
- Brian Mulroney (1984–1993)
- Kim Campbell (1993)
Conservative Party of Canada (2003–present)
- Stephen Harper (2006–2015)
Electoral performance of Tory leaders
Conservative (historical; 1867–1942)
| Election | Leader | Party name | # of candidates nominated | # of seats won | +/– | Election Outcome | # of total votes | % of popular vote | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1867 | John A. Macdonald | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 112 | Template:Composition bar | Increase100 | Increase1st | 92,656 | 34.53% | Majority |
| 1872 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives, one Conservative Labour | 140 | Template:Composition bar | Steady | Steady 1st | 123,100 | 38.66% | Minority | |
| 1874 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives, one Conservative Labour | 104 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 35 | Decrease 2nd | 99,440 | 30.58% | Opposition | |
| 1878 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 161 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 64 | Increase 1st | 229,191 | 42.06% | Majority | |
| 1882 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 168 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 7 | Steady 1st | 208,544 | 40.39% | Majority | |
| 1887 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 203 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 25 | Steady 1st | 343,805 | 47.41% | Majority | |
| 1891 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 212 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 6 | Steady 1st | 376,518 | 48.58% | Majority | |
| 1896 | Charles Tupper | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 207 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 19 | Decrease 2nd | 467,415 | 48.17% | Opposition |
| 1900 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 204 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 19 | Steady 2nd | 438,330 | 46.1% | Opposition | |
| 1904 | Robert Borden | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 205 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 4 | Steady 2nd | 470,430 | 45.94% | Opposition |
| 1908 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives | 211 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 10 | Steady 2nd | 539,374 | 46.21% | Opposition | |
| 1911 | Conservatives, Liberal-Conservatives and Nationalist Conservatives | 212 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 47 | Increase 1st | 636,938 | 48.90% | Majority | |
| 1917 | Unionist Party | 211 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 20 | Steady 1st | 1,070,694 | 56.93% | Majority | |
| 1921 | Arthur Meighen | National Liberal and Conservative Party | 204 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 103 | Decrease 3rd | 935,651 | 29.95% | Third Party |
| 1925 | Conservatives | 232 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 65 | Increase 1st | 1,454,253 | 46.13% | Minority - initially formed Opposition; became government upon invitation of Governor-General following non-confidence vote | |
| 1926 | Conservatives | 232 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 23 | Decrease 2nd | 1,476,834 | 45.34% | Opposition | |
| 1930 | R. B. Bennett | Conservatives | 229 | Template:Composition bar | Increase 44 | Increase 1st | 1,836,115 | 47.79% | Majority |
| 1935 | Conservatives | 228 | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 96 | Decrease 2nd | 1,290,671 | 29.84% | Opposition | |
| 1940 | Robert James Manion | National Government | 207 | Template:Composition bar | Steady | Steady 2nd | 1,402,059 | 30.41% | Opposition |
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942–2003)
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Role | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | John Bracken | 1,448,744 | 27.62% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 27 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal minority |
| 1949 | George A. Drew | 1,734,261 | 29.62% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 23 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal majority |
| 1953 | 1,749,579 | 31.01% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 9 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal majority | |
| 1957 | John Diefenbaker | 2,564,732 | 38.81% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 62 | Increase 1st | Minority | PC minority |
| 1958 | 3,908,633 | 53.56% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 96 | Steady 1st | Majority | PC majority | |
| 1962 | 2,865,542 | 37.22% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 92 | Steady 1st | Minority | PC minority | |
| 1963 | 2,591,613 | 32.80% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 23 | Decrease 2nd | Opposition | Liberal minority | |
| 1965 | 2,500,113 | 32.41% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 2 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal minority | |
| 1968 | Robert Stanfield | 2,554,397 | 31.43% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 23 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal majority |
| 1972 | 3,388,980 | 35.02% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 35 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal minority | |
| 1974 | 3,371,319 | 35.46% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 12 | Steady 2nd | Opposition | Liberal majority | |
| 1979 | Joe Clark | 4,111,606 | 35.89% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 41 | Increase 1st | Minority | PC minority |
| 1980 | 3,552,994 | 32.49% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 33 | Decrease 2nd | Opposition | Liberal majority | |
| 1984 | Brian Mulroney | 6,278,818 | 50.03% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 108 | Increase 1st | Majority | PC majority |
| 1988 | 5,667,543 | 43.02% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 42 | Steady 1st | Majority | PC majority | |
| 1993 | Kim Campbell | 2,178,303 | 16.04% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 167 | Decrease 5th | No status | Liberal majority |
| 1997 | Jean Charest | 2,446,705 | 18.84% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 18 | Steady 5th | Fifth party | Liberal majority |
| 2000 | Joe Clark | 1,566,994 | 12.19% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 8 | Steady 5th | Fifth party | Liberal majority |
Conservative Party of Canada (2003–present)
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | Stephen Harper | 4,019,498 | 29.63% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 21 | Steady 2nd | Opposition |
| 2006 | 5,374,071 | 36.37% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 25 | Increase 1st | Minority | |
| 2008 | 5,209,069 | 37.65% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 19 | Steady 1st | Minority | |
| 2011 | 5,832,401 | 39.62% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 23 | Steady 1st | Majority | |
| 2015 | 5,613,633 | 31.91% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 67 | Decrease 2nd | Opposition | |
| 2019 | Andrew Scheer | 6,239,227 | 34.34% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 22 | Steady 2nd | Opposition |
| 2021 | Erin O'Toole | 5,747,410 | 33.74% | Template:Composition bar | Decrease 2 | Steady 2nd | Opposition |
| 2025 | Pierre Poilievre | 8,089,941 | 41.3% | Template:Composition bar | Increase 25 | Steady 2nd | Opposition |
Other conservative parties' leaders
Parties that have had representation in the House of Commons
"Reform-Alliance"
Leaders of the Reform Party of Canada
- Preston Manning (October 31, 1987 – March 25, 2000)
Leaders of the Canadian Alliance
- Deborah Grey (March 27, 2000 – July 8, 2000) (interim)
- Stockwell Day (July 8, 2000 – December 12, 2001)
- John Reynolds (December 12, 2001 – March 20, 2002) (interim)
- Stephen Harper (March 20, 2002 – December 7, 2003)
Leaders of the Reconstruction Party of Canada
- Henry Herbert Stevens (1935–1938)
Leaders of the Social Credit Party of Canada
- John Horne Blackmore (1935–1944) (parliamentary leader)
- Solon Earl Low (1944–1961)
- Robert Thompson (1961–1967)
- Alexander Bell Patterson (1967–1968) (interim)
- Réal Caouette (1971–1976)
- André-Gilles Fortin (1976–1977)
- Gilles Caouette (1977–1978) (interim)
- Charles-Arthur Gauthier (1978) (interim)
- Lorne Reznowski (1978–1979)
- Charles-Arthur Gauthier (1979) (interim)
- Fabien Roy (1979–1980)
- Martin Hattersley (1981–1983)
- Ken Sweigard (1983–1986) (interim)
- Harvey Lainson (1986–1990)
- Ken Campbell (1990–1993)
Leader of the People's Party of Canada
- Maxime Bernier (September 14, 2018 – present)
Parties that have had no representation in the House of Commons
Leaders of the Christian Heritage Party of Canada
- Ed Vanwoudenberg (1987–1991)
- Charles Cavilla (1991–1993)
- Heather Stilwell (1993–1994) (interim)
- Jean Blaquière (1994–1995)
- Ron Gray (1995–2008)
- Jim Hnatiuk (2008–2014)
- David J. Reimer (2014) (interim)
- Rod Taylor (2014 – present)
Leaders of the Libertarian Party of Canada
- Sieg Pedde (1973–1974)
- Charles 'Chuck' Lyall (1974–1976)
- Ron Bailey (1976–1978)
- Alex Eaglesham (1978–1979)
- Linda Cain (1980–1982)
- Neil Reynolds (May 1982 – 1983)
- Victor Levis (1983–1987)
- Dennis Corrigan (1987–1990)
- Stanislaw Tyminski (1990–1991)
- George Dance (1991–1993)
- Hilliard Cox (May 1993 – 1995)
- George Dance (1995–1996)
- Vincent Pouliot (May 12, 1996 – April 5, 1997)
- Robert Morse (1997)
- Jean-Serge Brisson (1997 - May 18, 2008)[f][2]
- Dennis Young (May 18, 2008 - May 2011)
- Katrina Chowne (May 2011 – May 2014)
- Tim Moen (May 2014 – 2021)
- Jacques Boudreau (2021 – present)
Leaders of the Progressive Canadian Party
- Ernie Schreiber (2004–2005) (interim)
- Tracy Parsons (2005–2007)
- Sinclair Stevens (2007–2016)
- Joe Hueglin (2016–2019)
Leaders of the Western Block Party
- Doug Christie (November 30, 2005 – March 11, 2013)
- Paul St. Laurent (March 11, 2013 – January 31, 2014)
Leader of the Alliance of the North
- François Bélanger (September 11, 2013 — present)
References
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Notes
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^[a] Created Viscount Bennett following his retirement from office.
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^[b] On this occasion, Meighen failed in his attempts to win re-election to the House of Commons, so Hanson remained Leader of the Opposition throughout Meighen's term
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^[c] Bracken did not win election to the House of Commons until 1945, so Hanson remained Leader of the Opposition until January 1943, when he was replaced by Gordon Graydon
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^[d] On two occasions when Drew was too ill to perform his duties, William Earl Rowe served as Leader of the Opposition
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^[e] Michael Starr served as Leader of the Opposition until November 5, 1967, when Stanfield, who had previously been premier of Nova Scotia, won election to Parliament
- <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^[f] Brisson led the party on an interim basis prior to being elected at a delegated convention in 2000.
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