Liphistius

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Liphistius is a genus of basal trapdoor spiders in the family Liphistiidae. They are found in Japan, China, and Southeast Asia.

Taxonomy

The genus Liphistius was erected by Jørgen M. C. Schiødte in 1849.[1] Schiødte spelt the name Lipistius;[2] this was corrected to Liphistius by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869, a change endorsed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 1970.[3] Liphistius is from Greek Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "lang". ('lack') and Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "lang". ('web' in this context).[4]

Biology

Female body lengths range from Script error: No such module "convert".; males are slightly smaller. They live in burrows in earthen banks, on some cave walls, and probably in forests. The burrow is sealed with a thin, circular, woven door, which is disguised with soil and moss. While they spend the day deep inside their burrows, at night they wait just below the door for insects, woodlice, and similar invertebrates that stumble over one of the seven silken threads that radiate from the entrance. With a reluctance to leave their burrows, they push up the door and reach for their prey.[5]

Species

since 2023Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the World Spider Catalog accepts 69 species:[1]

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File:Liphistius (10.3897-zookeys.1031.59102) Figure 2.jpg
Liphistius pyinoolwin: A – microhabitat, B – a burrow with two trapdoors closed, C – same with trapdoors opened, D – female, E – male; Liphistius birmanicus: F – microhabitat, G – burrow with trapdoor closed, H – same with trapdoor opened, I – female, J – male; scale bar: 2 mm (D)

Threatened Malaysian species

Three of the Liphistius species known to exist in Malaysia are endemic to only one or two caves. The most well known is Liphistius batuensis, which is found in Batu Caves.[6] It is endangered, with a population of under 250 individuals. Other species found in Malaysia include Liphistius malayanus, Liphistius murphyorum and Liphistius desultor. The Malaysian trapdoor spiders are protected by local law, though continuous threats come from loss of habitat and collection by exotic pet traders.[7]

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John (2000): An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • Platnick, Norman I. & Sedgewick, W.C. (1984): A revision of the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae, Mesothelae). American Museum Novitates, (New York), No 2781, 31pp.
  • Whitten, T., Clements, R. & Price, L. 2013. Liphistius kanthan. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 6 July 2013.

External links

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