Libertia

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File:Libertia peregrinans 2.jpg
Libertia peregrinans

Libertia is a genus of monocotyledonous plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1824.[1] It is native to South America, Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. Eight species are endemic to New Zealand.[2][3][4]

Libertia is made up of herbaceous or evergreen perennials growing from short rhizomes,[1] with simple, linear or narrowly lanceolate basal leaves which are often green but may be red, orange, or yellow under direct sunlight.[5] The showy white or blue trimerous flowers are open in spring and are followed by capsules opening by three valves which contain the numerous seeds.[6]

The genus was named after the Belgian botanist Marie-Anne Libert[7] (1782–1865) (also referred to as Anne-Marie Libert).[8]

The species Libertia chilensis has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]

Species[2]
Selected formerly included[2]

Numerous names have been coined using the name Libertia, referring to species that are now regarded as better suited to other genera (Bromus Cardiocrinum Hosta Orthrosanthus). Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Cytology

Libertia has a high rate of polyploidy, with 9/11 of assessed species confirmed as polyploid and only 3 confirmed as diploid.[3] This is not unprecedented, with polyploidy being a common feature in the tribe Sisyrinchieae.[13] The uniform base number of x=19[13] is, however, defining within the tribe. This base number is not found elsewhere in the tribe and only Diplarrhena and Solenomelus have uniform base numbers intragenerically.[13]

All New Zealand endemic species of Libertia are diploid, hexaploid or dodecaploid,[14][15][16][17][3] while these levels of ploidy have not been found outside New Zealand. Polyploidy is more prevalent in New Zealand species across all botanical taxa[18][19] and this has been attributed as a relic of glacial refugia during glacial maximums.[20]

Distribution Species Ploidy Level Chromosomal Count Contention
South American L. chilensis 4x (6x) 76[15] (72, 114)[21] Due to numerous issues with this study, authors found the sample, identified as Libertia ixioides (New Zealand endemic) but collected from Chile, to have 72 chromosomes present.[22] This was most likely a misidentification of Libertia chilensis, with a further error in counting.

Samples from the Juan Fernandez Islands were found to have 114 chromosomes, in comparison to the 76 found on the mainland.[21]

South American L. colombiana No data available. No data available.
New Zealand endemic L. cranwelliae 12x 228[3]
New Zealand endemic L. edgariae 6x 114[3]
South American L. falcata No data available. No data available.
New Zealand endemic L. flaccidifolia 12x 228[14]
New Zealand endemic L. grandiflora 6x 114[17] (228, 230)[14] The 228/230 chromosome specimen was likely Libertia flaccidifolia,[17] before the 2009 naming by Blanchon and Weaver.[14]
South American L. insignis No data available. No data available.
New Zealand endemic L. ixioides 12x 228[17] (220-230, 230)[15] Due to the difficulty in counting chromosomes, authors found between 220 and 230 chromosomes in different counts, with 228 being the average count.[15]
New Zealand endemic L. micrantha 2x 38[15]
New Zealand endemic L. mooreae 6x 114[3]
Australian L. paniculata 4x 76[15]
New Zealand endemic L. peregrinans 6x 114[16]
Australasia L. pulchella 2x 38[16]
South American L. sessiliflora 2x 38[15]
South American L. tricocca No data available. No data available.
South American L. umbellata No data available. No data available.

References

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  1. ↑ a b Sprengel, Curt Polycarp Joachim 1824. Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 1: 127 in Latin
  2. ↑ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  13. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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