Lespedeza

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Lespedeza is a genus of some 45 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers (hagi). The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.

These shrubby plants or trailing vines belong to the "typical" legumes (Faboideae), with the peas and beans, though they are part of another tribe, the Desmodieae. Therein, they are treated as type genus of the smaller subtribe Lespedezinae, which unites the present genus and its presumed closest relatives, Campylotropis and Kummerowia.

Name of the plant

According to American botanist Asa Gray (1810–1888), the Lespedeza owes its name to governor of East Florida Vicente Manuel de Céspedes (1784–1790; who, through a letter, allowed botanist André Michaux to explore East Florida in search of new species of plants, where Michaux found Lespedeza[1]), but when Céspedes wrote the letter, at the beginning of it, the name of Céspedes was changed to "Zespedez". So, when Michaux's book Flora Boreali-Americana of 1802 was printed, the name "Céspedes" to refer to the plant was written as "Lespedez", the word from which the current name of the plant was derived.[2][1]

Despeleza is a synonym of Lespedeza, and this name is derived from a taxonomic anagram.[3]

Cultivation and uses

Some species are grown as garden or ornamental plants, and are used as a forage crops, notably in the southern United States, and as a means of soil enrichment and for prevention of erosion. In some areas, certain species are invasive. Lespedeza, like other legumes, have root nodules that harbor bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation from the air into a soil-bound form that can be taken up by other plants. Growers can take advantage of this process by putting the plants in their fields to release nitrogen, so they can use less fertilizer.

L. bicolor leaves and roots contain l-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (lespedamine), as well as related Nω,Nω-dimethyltryptamines and their oxides, as well as some bufotenin.[4]

Species

File:Lespedeza capitata 8071.jpg
Lespedeza capitata inflorescences and leaves
File:Lespedeza cuneata.JPG
Lespedeza cuneata habitus
File:Lespedeza cyrtobotryaDT.jpg
Lespedeza cyrtobotrya flowering branch
File:Lespedeza maximowiczii 2.jpg
Lespedeza maximowiczii

The species and nothospecies recognized in Lespedeza include:[5]

  • Lespedeza × acuticarpa Mack. & BushScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott
  • Lespedeza × bicoloba S.AkiyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (syn. L. bicolor var. japonica Nakai) – shrub lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza × brittonii E.P.BicknellScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza buergeri Miq.
  • Lespedeza cambodianum V.D.NguyenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza capitata Michx. (syn. L. frutescens Elliott, L. schindleri H.Lév.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., and L. stuevei DC.)
  • Lespedeza caraganae Bunge
  • Lespedeza chinensis G.Don (syn. L. mucronata Ricker)
  • Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don
  • Lespedeza cyrtobotrya Miq. – leafy lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza × cyrtobuergeri S.Akiyama & H.Ohba
  • Lespedeza × cyrtoloba S.AkiyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza danxiaensis Q.Fan, W.Y.Zhao & K.W.JiangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza daurica (Laxm.) Schindl. (syn. L. potaninii V.N.Vassil.)
  • Lespedeza davidi Franch.
  • Lespedeza × divaricata (Nakai) T.B.Lee
  • Lespedeza dunnii Schindl.
  • Lespedeza elegans Cambess.
  • Lespedeza fasciculiflora Franch.
  • Lespedeza floribunda Bunge (syn. L. bicolor Prain)
  • Lespedeza fordii Schindl.
  • Lespedeza forrestii Schindl.
  • Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza gerardiana Maxim.
  • Lespedeza hengduanshanensis (C.J.Chen) Bo Xu, X.F.Gao & Li Bing ZhangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
  • Lespedeza hisauchii T.Nemoto & H.OhashiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza hispida (Franch.) T.Nemoto & H.OhashiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza homoloba Nakai
  • Lespedeza inschanica (Maxim.) Schindl. – greenish juncea lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza intermedia (S.Watson) Britton (syn. L. frutescens (L.) Britton, L. frutescens var. acutifructa Farw.)
  • Lespedeza × intermixta Makino – neonchul lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza japonica L.H.Bailey (unplaced)
  • Lespedeza jiangxiensis Bo Xu, X.F.Gao & Li Bing ZhangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza juncea (L.f.) Pers. (syn. L. hedysaroides Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".) – juncea lespedeza[6]
    • Lespedeza juncea var. juncea (syn. L. aitchisonii RickerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. cytisoides (Pall.) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. nuristanica Rech.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., and L. pallasii G.DonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
    • Lespedeza juncea var. variegata (Cambess.) AliScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (syn. L. kanaoriensis Cambess.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and L. variegata Cambess.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Lespedeza × kagoshimensis Hatus.
  • Lespedeza leptostachya Engelm. ex A.Gray
  • Lespedeza lichiyuniae T.Nemoto, H.Ohashi & T.ItohScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza × longifolia DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza × macrovirgata Kitag.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza × manniana Mack. & BushScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza maritima NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza maximowiczii R.C.Schneid. – Korean lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza melanantha Nakai – black-flower lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza × miquelii S.AkiyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza mucronata Ricker
  • Lespedeza × neglecta (Britton) Mack. & BushScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza × nuttallii Darl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza × oblongifolia (Britton) W.StoneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. – pilose lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza procumbens Michx.
  • Lespedeza pseudomaximowiczii D.P.Jin, Bo Xu & B.H.ChoiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C.Barton
  • Lespedeza × robusta NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza sessilifolia GambleScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza × simulata Mack. & Bush
  • Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.
  • Lespedeza texana Britton
  • Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai
    • Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. elliptica (Benth. ex Maxim.) H.Ohashi (syn. L. elliptica Benth. ex Maxim.)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa (Vogel) H.Ohashi (syn. L. albiflora RickerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. hayatae Hatus.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. inabensis NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. intermedia (Maxim. ex Matsum.) NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. pubescens Hayata, L. shiroyamensis Hatus.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., and L. wilfordii RickerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. patens (Nakai) H.OhashiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (syn. L. patens Nakai)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. satsumensis (Nakai) H.OhashiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (syn. L. satsumensis NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. thunbergii (syn. L. chekiangensis RickerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. grandiflora H.Koidz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. grandis Koidz.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. kiusiana NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. liukiuensis Hatus.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. nipponica NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. racemosa DippelScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. sieboldii Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. tetraloba NakaiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., L. viatorum Champ. ex Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
  • Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold ex Maxim. (syn. L. hirta Miq.) – woolly lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
  • Lespedeza virgata (Thunb.) DC. (syn. L. patentibicolor T.B.Lee) – Wando lespedeza[6]
  • Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (syn. L. angustifolia Darl.)

Some species formerly in this genus that are now placed elsewhere, typically in the Lespedezinae, for example, in genus Campylotropis. These include:[7]

  • Lespedeza junghuhniana Bakh.f. = Campylotropis cytisoides (Jungh.) Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[8]
  • Lespedeza sericea (Graham) Benth.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". = Campylotropis macrostyla (D.Don) Lindl. ex Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Lespedeza speciosa Royle ex Schindl. = Campylotropis speciosa (Royle ex Schindl.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. = Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza tomentosa Maxim. = Campylotropis pinetorum (Kurz) Schindl.

Footnotes

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  1. ↑ a b Lespedeza – From Asia with a Spanish Twist!.
  2. ↑ S. Fralish, James; B. Franklin, Scott (February 2002). Taxonomy and Ecology of Woody Plants in North American Forests: Excluding. Page 568.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Morimoto & Oshio (1965), Morimoto & Matsumoto (1966)
  5. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ ILDIS (2005)
  8. ↑ Lespedeza junghuhniana Bakh.f. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 September 2023.

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

  • International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Lespedeza. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2011-FEB-18.
  • Morimoto, Hiroshi & Matsumoto, Norichika (1966). Über Alkaloide, VI. Inhaltsstoffe Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, II. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica II."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  • Morimoto, Hiroshi & Oshio, Haruji (1965). Über Alkaloide, V. Inhaltsstoffe von Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, I. Über Lespedamin, ein neues Alkaloid. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica I. On Lespedamin, a novel alkaloid."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".

External links

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