Template:Short description
File:Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide (full).jpg Members of the Prussian expedition to Egypt celebrate Frederick William IV 's birthday on the summit of the Great Pyramid of Giza The Lepsius list of pyramids is a list of sixty-seven ancient Egyptian pyramids established in 1842–1843 by Karl Richard Lepsius (1810–1884), an Egyptologist and leader of the "Prussian expedition to Egypt " from 1842 until 1846.
The Lepsius list of pyramid is the first attempt at systematically listing all the Egyptian pyramids , and as such, is a pioneering effort of early modern Egyptology. The list was published together with the results of the expedition in Lepsius work Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien (1849–1859).
List History File:Carl Richard Lepsius (1810-1884).jpg Karl Richard Lepsius Following the success of the Franco-Tuscan Expedition to Egypt under the leadership of Jean-François Champollion , the Prussian scientists Alexander von Humboldt and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and the minister of instruction Johann Eichhorn recommended to king Frederick William IV that an expedition be sent to Egypt.
Karl Richard Lepsius, who had learned of Champollion's method to decipher the hieroglyphs and had met Ippolito Rosellini of the Franco-Tuscan Expedition, was chosen to lead it.Template:Sfn The main aim of the expedition was to explore and record the remains of the ancient Egyptian civilization as well as to gather materials for the Egyptian Museum of Berlin .
The Prussian expedition assembled in Alexandria in 1842 and quickly departed for Giza , which was reached in November that same year. Proceeding north to south, Lepsius's men then explored the pyramids field of Abusir , Saqqara , Dahshur and, in 1843, Hawara . Lepsius and team stayed for 6 months in total at these locations, as the Prussian expedition was the first to study and record Old Kingdom material in depth.Template:Sfn
In total, Lepsius and his men uncovered a total of 67 pyramids and 130 tombs.Template:Sfn The pyramids, dating from the Third Dynasty (c. 2686–2613 BCE) until the Thirteenth Dynasty (c. 1800–1650 BCE), were given Roman numerals from north to south, starting from Abu Rawash in the north. Although a few of the structures reported by Lepsius are now known to have been mastabas and other monumental structures (highlighted on the list below in light gray), the Lepsius list of pyramids is still considered a pioneering achievement of modern Egyptology. Lepsius' numerals have remained the standard designation for some of the pyramids.
The results of the Prussian expedition to Egypt, comprising the list of pyramids, were published in the Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien .Template:Sfn
Pyramids
Lepsius Number
Location
Modern identification
Image
I Abu Rawash Pyramid Lepsius I File:Lepsius I Pyramid.jpg
II Abu Rawash Pyramid of Djedefre File:Abu Rawash Pyramid.jpg
III Abu Rawash Pyramid complex of Djedefre, subsidiary pyramid
IV Giza Great Pyramid of Giza File:Kheops-Pyramid.jpg
V Giza
North subsidiary pyramid of Khufu's, G1-a
File:Queen Pyramid of Hetepheres (G1a).jpg
VI Giza
Middle subsidiary pyramid of Khufu's, G1-b
File:Meritetis-pyramide.jpg
VII Giza
South subsidiary pyramid of Khufu's, G1-c
File:Queen Pyramid of Henutsen (G1c).jpg
VIII Giza
Pyramid of Khafre File:Khephren 009.jpg
IX Giza
Pyramid of Menkaure File:Cairo, Gizeh, Pyramid of Menkaure, Egypt, Oct 2005.jpg
X Giza
West subsidiary pyramid of Menkaure's, G3-c
File:Queen-Pyramid-G-III-c.jpg
XI Giza
Middle subsidiary pyramid of Menkaure's, G3-b
File:Queen-Pyramid-G-III-b.jpg
XII Giza
East subsidiary pyramid of Menkaure's, G3-a
File:MykerinosTop.jpg
XIII Zawyet el'Aryan Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan File:Vue3-grande-excavation.jpg
XIV Zawyet el'Aryan
Layer Pyramid File:Khaba pyramid at Zawyet el'Aryan.jpg
XV Abu Gorab Sun temple of Nyuserre Ini
File:Solar Temple of Niuserre.jpg
XVI Abusir Unidentified brick pyramid
XVII Abusir
Sun temple of Userkaf
XVIII Abusir
Pyramid of Sahure File:Abousir Sahoure 01.jpg
XIX Abusir
Mastaba of vizier Ptahshepses
File:Mastaba de Ptahchepsès.JPG
XX Abusir
Pyramid of Nyuserre File:Pyramid of Niuserre.jpg
XXI Abusir
Pyramid of Neferirkare File:Neferirkare.jpg
XXII Abusir
Small satellite pyramid
XXIII Abusir
Small satellite pyramid
XXIV Abusir
Pyramid Lepsius XXIV
File:Lepsius-XXIV pyramid.jpg
XXV Abusir
Double Pyramid , queen of Nyuserre Ini or Neferefre, could be a double mastabaFile:Lepsius-XXV pyramid.jpg
XXVI Abusir
Pyramid of Neferefre File:Pyramid of Neferefre, Abusir, 1970ies.jpg
XXVII Abusir
Completely destroyed, only an outline is visible
XXVIII Abusir
Unfinished pyramid or a natural structure
XXIX Saqqara Headless Pyramid of Menkauhor Kaiu
XXX Saqqara
Pyramid of Teti File:Saqqarah Teti 01.jpg
XXXI Saqqara
Pyramid of Userkaf File:Saqqarah Ouserkaf 06.jpg
XXXII Saqqara
Pyramid of Djoser File:DjoserPyramid.jpg
XXXIII Saqqara
North pavillon of Djoser's pyramid complex
XXXIV Saqqara
South pavillon of Djoser's pyramid complex
File:Djoser South House.jpg
XXXV Saqqara
Pyramid of Unas File:Unas Pyramide.jpg
XXXVI Saqqara
Pyramid of Pepi I
XXXVII Saqqara
Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi File:Pyramid of Djedkare, Saqqara, 1990ies.png
XXXVIII Saqqara
Subsidiary pyramid to Djedkare's, unknown queen
XXXIX Saqqara
Pyramid of Merenre File:Pyramid of Merenre, Saqqara, 1990ies.jpg
XL Saqqara
Pyramid of Ibi File:Qakare-Ibi-Pyramid.png
XLI Saqqara
Pyramid of Pepi II File:PepiIIPyramid.jpg
XLII Saqqara
Subsidiary pyramid of Pepi II's for his queen Wedjebten
XLIII Saqqara
Mastabat al-Fir'aun of Shepseskaf File:Mastaba-faraoun-3.jpg
XLIV Saqqara
Pyramid of Khendjer File:Khendjer-complexe-1.jpg
XLV Saqqara
13th Dynasty structure
XLVI Saqqara
Southern South Saqqara pyramid File:Plan-anonyme-saqqarah-sud.jpg
XLVII Dahshur Pyramid of Senusret III File:Photo-pyramide-sesostris3.jpg
XLVIII Dahshur
Mastaba, unknown owner
XLIX Dahshur
Red Pyramid File:Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg
L Dahshur
Lepsius-L Pyramid
LI Dahshur
Pyramid of Amenemhat II
LII Dahshur
Pylon of the temple of the pyramid of Amenemhat II
LIII Dahshur
Pylon of the temple of the pyramid of Amenemhat II
LIV Dahshur
Central Dahshur pyramid
LV Dahshur
Mastaba of vizier Siese
LVI Dahshur
Bent Pyramid File:GD-EG-Saqqara004.JPG
LVII Dahshur
Subsidiary pyramid of the bent pyramidFile:Dahschur Sattelite Pyramid 01.JPG
LVIII Dahshur
Pyramid of Amenemhat III File:BlackPyramidOfAmenemhetIII.jpg
LIX Dahshur
Northern Mazghuna pyramid
LX El-Lisht Pyramid of Amenemhat I File:AmenemhetIPyramid.jpg
LXI El-Lisht
Pyramid of Senusret I File:Licht-senwsPyramids 01.jpg
LXII El-Lisht
Mastaba, unknown owner
LXIII El-Lisht
Mastaba of Senewosret-Ankh Template:Sfn
LXIV El-Lisht
Mastaba, possibly belonging to a private individual named SenusretTemplate:Sfn
LXV Meidum Pyramid of Meidum File:Meidoum pyramide 006.JPG
LXVI El-Lahun Pyramid of Senusret II File:Pyramid at Lahun.jpg
LXVII Hawara Pyramid of Hawara , of Amenemhat III. Situated north of "The Labyrinth"File:Hawara.jpg
Lepsius' maps Lepsius drew maps of the locations his expedition visited and which regroup the pyramid listed above. They are presented below, from north to south.
References
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Bibliography
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